Debunking Arguments in Ethics PDF
Preview Debunking Arguments in Ethics
DEBUNKING ARGUMENTS IN ETHICS Inthiscrisplywrittenbook,HannoSaueroffersthefirstbook-length treatmentofdebunkingargumentsinethics,developinganempiric- ally informed and philosophically sophisticated account of genea- logical arguments and their significance for the reliability of moral cognition. He breaks new ground by introducing a series of novel distinctions into the current debate, which allows him to develop a framework for assessing the prospects of debunking or vindicating our moral intuitions. He also challenges the justification of some of ourmoraljudgmentsbyshowingthattheyarebasedonepistemically defective processes. His book is an original, cutting-edge contribu- tion to the burgeoning field of empirically informed metaethics and will interest philosophers, psychologists, and anyone interested in how– and whether –moral judgmentworks. is Assistant Professor of Ethics at the Department of Philosophy at Utrecht University and a member of the Ethics Institute. He is the author of Who's Afraid of Instrumental Reason? Instrumentelle Vernunft und die Diagnose sozialer Pathologien () and Moral Judgments as Educated Intuitions (). Sauer has pub- lishedarticlesinanumberofjournalsincludingPhilosophicalStudies, TheJournalofEthics,PhilosophicalPsychology,andEthicalTheoryand Moral Practice. DEBUNKING ARGUMENTS IN ETHICS HANNO SAUER UniversityofUtrecht UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,thFloor,NewYork,,USA WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,,Australia –,rdFloor,Plot,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–,India AnsonRoad,#–/,Singapore CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/ :./ ©HannoSauer Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyClaysLtd,ElcografS.p.A AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData :Sauer,Hanno,author. :Debunkingargumentsinethics/HannoSauer,UniversiteitUtrecht,TheNetherlands. :[edition].|NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,.| Includesbibliographicalreferences. :|(Hardback) ::Ethics.|Ethics,Evolutionary. :.|/.–dc LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/ ----Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents List of Figures page viii List of Tables ix Acknowledgments x Introduction: Debunking Arguments and the Gap I. CornflakesandCriticalTheory I. ACold,HardLook I. TheGap I. NormativeTheory I. MoralAgency I. MoralandNonmoralJudgment I. MoralIntuition I. OutlineoftheBook Debunking Explained: Structure and Typology Introduction . TheStructureofDebunking . SelectiveorGlobal? . OffTrack . Obsoleteness . Symmetry . DetectionError . Inconsistency . IgnobleOrigins Conclusion Debunking Defused: The Metaethical Turn Introduction . TheDarwinianDilemma . TheWeakestLink . MetaethicalorSubstantiveDebunking? v vi Contents . AgainsttheMetaethicalTurn . ADiagnosis:PriorPlausibility Conclusion Debunking Contained: Selective and Global Scope Introduction . Scope:WideandNarrowDebunking . ProcessorBestExplanation? . Distance:DistalandProximalDebunking . BadDebunking! . Depth:ShallowandDeepDebunking . Trade-OffsandElectiveAffinities . GlobalDebunking:GarbageIn,GarbageOut . SelectiveDebunking:Disgust,Deontology,Partiality . TheInstabilityofSelectiveDebunking:Collapse . TheInstabilityofSelectiveDebunking:Regress . TheInstabilityofGlobalDebunking:Overgeneralization Conclusion Debunking Realism: Moral Disagreement Introduction . TheEmpiricalCaseagainstRealism . TheRightKindofDisagreement . MoralConvergenceandtheRightKindofDisagreement . MoralConvergenceandDebunking Conclusion Debunking Conservatism: Political Disagreement Introduction . MoralFoundations . TheAsymmetryofUnderstanding . AgainstSocialIntuitionism . AgainstMoralFoundations . DebunkingConservatism . MoralFoundationsforLiberals Conclusion Debunking Details: The Perils of Trolleyology Introduction . Trolleyology . Unfamiliarity Contents vii . TheDifferenceArgument . EcologicalValidity . Novelty . ImaginativeResistance . Specificity . Certainty . RevisitingtheDifferenceArgument . WhitherTrolleyology? Conclusion Debunking Doctrines: Double or Knobe Effect? Introduction . ThreeQuestions:Methodological,Substantive,Normative . FromUnificationtoScope . TheObstacleModel . RelevantAlternatives? . NormativeImplications:DeontologyDebunked? Conclusion Vindicating Arguments Introduction . AffirmativeVindicationandVindicationbyElimination . VindicatingArguments:Structure . VindicatingArguments:Features . BridgingtheGap References Index Figures . Evolutionary debunking: Deep off-track debunking of M{all moral judgments} page . Framing effects: Shallow symmetry debunking of M{moral judgments which are susceptible to framing effects} . Disgust: Medium-deep hypersensitivity debunking of M{moral judgments resulting from disgust responses} viii Tables . Permutations of Debunking page . Defusing Explanations . Content of the Right Kind of Disagreement . The Right Kind of Disagreement: Sources and Content ix
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