Table Of Content

NO-10 1997 wit. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR a)—— *5 National Park Service — Cultural Resources PUBLISHED BY THE CRM CELEBRATING 20 YEARS OF PUBLICATION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Contents VOLUME 20 NO.10 1997 To promote and maintain high standards ISSN 1068-4999 for presaend rmanvagiing ncugltur al resources A Unity oTf heory and Practice Acknowledgments ............... 3 Inscription Preservation— A Challenge Met at El Morro ...... 27 Celebrating a Five-Year Anniversary— John Lujan A Model Partnership in the Intermountain Region ............ 4 Rock Art Documentation and John Cook Assessment Antoinette Padgett Strategic Planning for Partnership . . .5 Kaisa Barthuli Ernest W. Ortega Weathering of the El Morro A Unity of Theory and Practice— — Terre. 30 Cooperative esearch and Training Stephen Aaron Cross Between the University of Pennsylvania and the NPS ........ 6 Epoxies, Grouts, and Frank Matero cw Terre ree 33 Dawn Melbourne Bridging Fragments to the Past ..... ) Jake Barrow Non-destructive Testing ee 35 Preserving Adobe Ruins ......... 12 Marie Ennis Harry C. Myers Pilot Conservation at El Morro ... .36 A Preservation Action Plan Anne Oliver TD +h ce oh eeeeeeceses 13 Anne Oliver Cliff Dwelling Walls— The Earthen Plaster Project The of Pennsylvania Comes to Fort Davis, Texas ....... 16 Jerry R. Yarbrough Managing Change— Saving Authentic Surfaces—Plaster and Conservation of Surface Finishes Paint Stabilization at Fort Davis . . .17 at Mesa Verde's Cliff Dwellings .. . .39 Bob Hartzler Frank Matero A Tale of Two ConservaPrtojiecotsn a t Materials in the Laboratory— Mission San Jose, San Antonio ... .19 Earthen Plasters, Mortars, RosaliZ.n Rdoc k and Paints from Mug House ...... 43 Linnaea A. Dix Stability and Integrity— The Convento Stone Column at Mission San Jose ............. 21 Anne Oliver 18th-Century Plasters Preserved— Conservation in the Convento of Acrylic-modified Earthen Mortar . . .50 Mission San Jose ............... 24 Bob Hartzler Cover photos: Field school in progress at Fort Union (top), photo by Angelyn Bass; Teddy Garcia and Wilfred Valencia capping adobe walls at Fort Union (bottom), photo by Bob Hartzler. Statements of fact and views are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessanly reflect an opinion or endorsement on the part of the editors. the CRM advisors and consultanotrs t,h e National Park Service. Send articles and correspondence to the Editor CRM (2251). US Department of the intenor Nationa! Park Service, Cultural Resources, 1849 C Street, NW. Washington, DC 20240; 202-343-3395, Fax 202-343-5260. email: <ron_greenberg@ngposv > 2 CRM N° 10—1997 Acknowledgments his issue of CRM presents examples of scientific and technical approaches to preservation. Articles have been edited to render the information as Kave McDowell generally applicable as possible without diluting the and content. The research and field work presented - —~ result from the contributions of many University of Union Field Pennsylvania faculty. staff, and students; and School. Photo National Park Seivice staff. The projects described Spies, Anu Venkataraman, Almyr Alba, James Banta. herein were developed, managed, and directed by Alaa El-Habashi, Andrea Goldwyn, Alison Hawver. Jake Barrow, Supervisory Exhibit Specialist and Mary Hohl, Dorothy Krotzer, Jackie McCarthy, Project Manager for the Conservation Program. Michele Salerno, Elizabeth Sippel, Catherine E. Intermountain Region, National Park Service; and Turton, Evan Kopelson, Jay L. Platt, Sara Myer. Frank Matero, Chairman of the Graduate Program Veronica Aplenc, Elisa Del Bono, Kristen Fetzer. in Historic Preservation and Director of the Karen Fix, Christopher Frey, Mark Goodman, Architectural Conservation Laboratory at the Katherine McDowell, Stephanie Phillips, Kecia Fong, University. Exceptions include the contributions by Rynta Fourie, Amy Cole Ives, Jocelyn Kimmel. Antionette Padgett and Kaisa Barthuili directed by Lorraine McVey, Jessica Sloop, Christeen Taniguchi. Michael Taylor (formerly NPS) and the Mesa Verde Catherine Turton, Sarah Meyer, Renee Jones, and efforts which were managed by Kathleen Fiero. Caroline Finch. The editors would like to recognize the contri- Mary Kallenberg provided many hours of vol- butions of Barry Sulam, Program Leader, unteer time assisting in several field schools. Zuni Conservation Program, Intermountain Cultural preservation trainees Alvin Romancito and Averil Resources Center for continued support of the coop- Ramirez participated in one fiel¢ school. In addition erative agreement and project development: and past to the formal two-plus-week training activities, spe- and present superintendents of the parks where pro- cial presentations and one-day workshops were held jects were accomplished including Harry Myers, John to provide management and interested outside parties Lujan, Jerry Yarbrough, Larry Wiese, Steve Whitesell. with program descriptions and explanations. Don Spencer. Michele Pelletier, Reed Detring, and The National Park Service has been undergoing Bob Amdor. In addition there are many park and reorganization in line with the national agenda set regional staff deserving of thanks including personnel forth in the federal government re-engineering effort. in resource management, maintenance, administra- The editors have simplified the references to the spe- tive, and contracting programs. Conservation staffers cific groups within the Park Service by referring gen- Patricia Trujillo and Christina Romero provided much erally to the participation as “NPS.” In cases of back-up support. Special thanks go to Susan specific projects, this annotation refers to the Chandoa, Executive Director of Los Compadres de Conservation Program in the Intermountain Cultural San Antonio Missions for grant assistance for the two Resources Center of the Intermountain Region of the represented projects in San Antonio, Texas; and edit- NPS. Prior to the recent realignment this program ing assistance from writer/editors Jane Harvey (NPS) was called the Division of Conservation in the and Rosemary Zibart. Southwest Cultural Resources Center in the Thanks are extended to the many university Southwest Region of the NPS. As ofO ctober 1, 1997, individuals assisting the projects including Jean Wolf the Center will cease to exist as a separate entity. and Suzanne Hyndmann who administered programs Those functions will be incorporated into the at the University; and Andrew McGhee, Rollin Lakis. Southwest Support Office and be fully integrated with Xuegin Wang, and Alex Radin, of the Laboratory for all cultural resources management activity for the the Research on the Structure of Matter (UPenn). entire Intermountain Region of the National Park Students .ot identified in articles and acknowl- Service. Generally, the Architectural Conservation edgments who participated in the various projects Laboratory of the Graduate Program in Historic over the five-year period include: Eliza Edwards, Preservation in the Graduate School of Fine Arts at Peter Ellison, Amy Freitag, Ron Koenig, Sara Korjeff. the University of Pennsylvania is referred to simply Sara Pennell, ElizaBeth A. Bede, Florence Antonacos, as the University of Pennsylvania, UPenn, or the Suki Diamond, Evin Erder, Rob Fitzgerald, Molly University. Lambert, Catherine Sellers, Chris Spencer, Stacey Jake Barrow and Frank Matero CRM N° 10—1997 3 John Cook CelebratingA Five-Year Anniversary A Model Partnership in the Intermountain Region ithin the boundaries of the extremely sensitive to their needs and vigilant in Park Service's Intermountain designing preservation strategies. Region, long esteemed for its How do we protect our cultural wealth in the great natural areas, are some face of downsizing and declining budgets? Now of the most distinctive, and imperiled, cultural more than ever, we are looking to outside entities resources in America. for assistance. Our focus is directed toward caring The Region's cultural resources stretch across for some of the basic deficiencies we see in our a broad spectrum beginning with Pre-Columbian resources without asking for handouts because the sites abounding in the southern reaches, along fact is we are not the only ones with a vested inter- with a rich variety of Spanish colonial units, each est in these resources. Yes, we are the caretakers. saturated with historic fabric that pre-dates but the American people and American institutions European settlement in the east. As one moves of all sorts are the owners and beneficiaries. All are north, there's a host of frontier sites. including the enriched by the preservation work we do. location where the fiaal spike was driven to com- Fortunately, we didn't wait to seek partners plete the transcontinental railroad. a frontier cattle until the downsizing began. In March 1992. | ranch, and battlefields important to the Indian signed a cooperative agreement with the University Wars of Pennsylvania. As a result, our labors have There are areas that commemorate the already begun to bear fruit. Ever since putting my Mexican War. the Civil War, and even fairly recent name on the dotted line. I've followed this project architecture and construction practiced by the with great interest. And | like what I'm seeing. It's Civilian Conservation Corps during the 1930s. In gratifying to watch park staffers get down in the fact. based on legislation. more than half of the historic dust and debris with university graduate Region's parks would be considered as having Students and come up with original, workable solu- more historical than natural significance. Since tions. these are more oiten smaller parks, we have to be Scientists are learning how to deal with day- to-day maintenance and cope with nitty-gritty preservation problems while veteran staffers dis- cover that. at times, theory can be effectively applied to practical issues. New energy and new ideas blend with experience-based know-how to create a powerful synergy which is solving both general and some specific preservation problems at the parks. As you read this issue of CRM. you'll learn how a partnership can make this happen. In the cultural resource area, we are seeking partners whose expertise and resources can join in a common effort to apply the best conservation approaches and methods to achieve our mandated poal of passing on resources unimpaired. One of my personal goals. for example. and one that is high on the NPS agenda. is dealing effectively with tribal issues. When | visited E] Morro. | was happy to learn more of the consultation with Zuni repre- sentatives which occurred because it's a good example of reaching out to and respecting a broader constituency. This issue of CRM is a testament to shared commitment. shared values. and common ground. John Cook is Director of the Intermountain Region. CRM Ne 1}0—1 997 Ernest W. Ortega Strategic Planning for —— ultural Resource Management in more capable than ever of providing focused the Intermountain Region is preservation services. Durthie pnastg ye ar, we emerging from the restructuring of worked diligently to ensure that the strengths of the NPS with new mandates for the prograwmesre re-deafndi unnifeiedd to comprehensive services. CRM programs in the enhance responsiveness. We intend to consider Santa Fe and Denver Offices: and the Western questions about how best to provide long-term Archeological and Conservation Center, are risk management and preventive conservationo f charged with the task of providing assistance and the resources under NPS stewardsAhlithpou.g h services in the disciplines of history, architecture. stop-gap and immediate measures are sometimes curation, conservation, archeology. and sub- needed, we must renew our commitment to long- merged cultural resources. In the world of shrink- term solutions. Agreements like the one with ing budgets and staff, our increased UPenn have helped us do just that at San Antonio responsibilities are made even more challenging! Missions, Mesa Verde, Fort Union, El Morro, Fort Simply put. we have to find new ways of doing Davis, and most recently, Casa Grande. things. Partnering is one way to acquire external Partnering, building a team of individualasnd professional expertise. In particular. collabora- instcireattes ustatkehioldeors nwitsh m,utu al tions with universities, managed by NPS profes- interests. sionals, have proven beneficial. The continuing This CRM highlighttsh e University partner- cooperative agreement with the University of ship and offers us the chance to reflect on and Pennsylvania, | feel, serves our enlargcleiden - honor five vears of professional teamwork. train- tele—the parks and partners of the ing, and accompiln iprosjecht wmorek anndt fu n- Intermountain Region and their resources. damental research. Some of the valuable ideas Formal partnerships are essential to devel- have been exported beyond NPS to the larger oping fully-integrated cultural resources programs preservation community: let's contitno fuolelo w througohuro Ruegiton . In an April 22, 1996. this path. memorandum. President Clinton directed agencies to work on a legislative proposal “that would Ernest W. Ortega is currently the Director of the make permanently available to the National Park Intermountain Cultural Resource Center (ICRC) in Service the authority to enter into cooperative Santa Fe. NM. and the Western Archeologicaalnd agreements on behalf of parks.” Thus. the utility ConsCeenterr in vTucsaon,t AZ.i Ono Octnober 1. of public-private partnerships is recognized at the 1997. the ICRC will be fully incorporianttoe tdh e highest level of government. It is appropriate for Southwest Support Office. central ‘Support Offices to Map courtesNPyS . NPS INTERMOUNTAIN REGION £ " — "| Xx vided in this issue of CRM Pg ¢ 4 - «wt 5 indtihe cvalaue tof emul ti- : e* ologies being exported from ~ one park to anotherT.h e examfurtpherl deemonsstra te how a central office can contribute to on-site preservation : projects by making available ~ the beneoff liontg-ster m resteo paark rmancagehmen t. Althouor uCRgM shtaf fs are rediun sicze,e thdey a re Produced by the Namona Park Serine 6 11 2997 CRM N® 10—1997 Frank Matero A Unity of Theory and Practice ay nen Research and Trainin Between the University of Pennsylvania and the NPS he establiosfh thme eNantitona l Park Service in 1916 and its man- date to preserve and manage the options focused on historic monuments and sites. counmostt sirgnifyican’t nsatu ral house museums 2nd collections. cultural land- and cultural resources in public trust constitute one of the most important acts of the early regional areas. An Advanced Certificate in presmeovermenvt ain tthe Uinitoed nStat es. Architectural Conservation provides an additional opportunity for those who have completed the Master of Science degree with an emphasis in consider to be among the most significant and technology. A second internship of one additional influential of socio-icssuuesl otf tuher laate-l20 th semester of supervised applied research is century. In 1981, the GraduPraogtrame i n Historic Preseratv thae Utniiverositny of One umgue compoofn thee pnrogtram 's Pennwsas eystabllishved ain rnespionsea to the commto adivancted tmraineing annd ttechn ical rising need to provide a truly integrated curricu- researc’ in the conserofv thae btuilit eonvinro n- lum of advanced study for architects, landscape tory of its type in the United States designed solely for teaching and research in the field. provides an intellectual envirwoithnin mthee Gnradtua te School of Fine Arts focused on the development of scientific and philosopshouind csoalultilonsy t o the consoef orur wvorlad hetritaige oof hnisto ric courses selected to structure an area of emphasis within the field of preservaThetsei aorenas. o f Through coordinated comprehenprsogiravmse o f Consaned Crultuvral aHertitagie Moanangeme nt ages collabebtweoen racaademtic ianod pnrofe s- for the two-year Master of Science degree and one-year Certificate. the latter for experienced and field training related to the technical conser- profeansd sstuidentos nenraolleld isn t he vation of immovable cultural property. This has CRM Ne 10—1997 As a component of cultural resource management, conservahahs oasn i ts fundamental objec- ve the proiechon of cultural property from loss and deplenon. Like al] disciplines, conservanon is a discrete branch of learning based on an agreed- upon bady of knowledge and academic training and has emenged as a scientific methodology con- cerned primarily with the material well-being of cultural property by observing and analyzing the evolunon. detenaond rcarae ohf buoildning,s: t he conducting of inveshgtoa dehteorminnes t he cause, effect. and solunon of building problems: and the directing of remedial imtervennons jocused orto my ~ Sesame ate of the 1930s fiei¢ closs- OOM OChwihres im national parks nities with the country's cultural and natural Courtesy NPS Conservation, Restoration, and Museclagy in resources. Early propoof nthee Nantiotnals Pa rk HavCuaa,n anad Is,tanb ul Technical University. Recotghe ndiriect zandi innestigmab le and the ability to have an authentic expenence importance of academic research and training to awakens a desire ior explananon. jor an increase the preservation and management of our cultural in knowledge making educahon 2 continuous and historical heritage, the Univeransd ithte yfo r- mer Southwest Region of the NPS entered into a deveof aln acotivep promgrame ofm app hed collaborative partnership in 19t9o ex2plo,re the research and training through the use of the mutual needs for apphed research and training in national parks as field laboratoTnhei geesrm. o f consaned curltuvral aresoturcie maonagnemen t. For the past five vears. despite shrinking fiscal its founding with the first director, Stephen T. resources. both institutions have tackled the issues Mather. through use of the nanonal parks and of technical research and professitroainniangl i n monuments by universimes and colleges as oult- conservanhion with 2 global perspecfotcuisevd eo n door classrooms or field schools to supplement academic study in the natural sciences. In 1918. noration of park resources. As a result of the coop- recognizing the growing importance of nahonal erative agreememt, 104 graduaantde 1 8 fiald schaal, Fore parks as field laboratories for educational imstitu- posis-tudpentsr haave dreceuiveda untiquee ex pe- nons, a National Park Educanonal Commutiee was nences across 2] projects. Association. By 1930 the Branch of Research and Educanhion was established im Washington, DC. to coordinate the various educahonal phases of park work in natural and cultural resources. As stated by the NPS at the time, “Universimatyi aeffsor d better lectures, but itt s believed that nowhere can people find better objective materials for study or receive better training in imterprepthiennogm- resources have become ever more complex due 10 the amount of iniormahon needed about resources to understand. protect. and preserve them. Critical ming of routine monfonng and evaluahon of con- As earhy as the late 1950s, theS outhwest Repion CRM N® 10—1997 Hecause of the wnigue mutlti-discrplimary nature required dor the consen.ation of culltural property, one primary fonm of imionmation transfer is throwgh supervised work expenence. imiennshap provides immediate and constructive feedback ata Onitical point in a student's or practitioner's career. The pragmatic mix of improvisation and ngorous attention to detail mecessitated iby the comtingen- oles of field neseanch make a lasting impression on students who have known onhy classroom situa- tions. As a result, field experience through pradu- aie and post-graduate internship programs conducted through NPS collaboration hhas allowed a onitical component of the professional traming of conservators to he realized while providing much- needed service to park sites. The hasic tenets of conservation are mat ithe sale responsibility of amy one professional group. treatment approaches focused on the stabilization Recordimg cond+ They apply instead to all involved in the preserva- ONS Surveys On of stone and earthen ruins. In the 1970s this tion of cultural property and represent general computer Photo by expanded to include cooperative research on site standards of approach and methodology. The Frank Mentero testing pragrams to develop and evaluate current application of technology must be founded on a and proposed future treatment considerations. profound and exact knowledge of the history of This effort. remarkable for its time. has been the resource and its comtert, on the materiality of nearh jongotien with changes in personne! and its physical fabric, on its collective cultural mean- management structure. but the partial combimua- ings and walues over time, and on its role and non of thet ruuts of the research point the way toa effect on cunrent society. idealhy the process must methodological approach to long-term resource be browcht hack iio a resource managemesntrtat - management rather than what specific products or egy so that the conservation project becomes inte- techmiguies 10 wse im the short-term. grated with imierpretation and maintenance. Now, as then, it ts clear that proper imtenpre- tahon and pratechon of park resources ts depen- Frank Matero ts Associate Professor of Architecture dent upon the possession of accurate scientific and Chairman of the Graduate Program im Historic knowledge through the development of imstitu- Preservation ai the University of Pennsvivania. He its nonal partnershaps. This ts especially true for cull- guest co-editor of thes tissue of CRM. tural sites. as relevant technical research its heavily undeandr thefrefoure unnavadilablee fodr ap pli- canon, and professioncaoln - servahon involvemenhta s been slower to develoapn d be apphed than for the mat- ural or physical sciences. By identiantd vdeivelnopgin g park-specific problems as larger iopiorc raegilona l sues such as the preserva- non of earthen architecture im and environmenotr tsh e ORM WY \o— 1997 Jake Barrow arrived after hours at the head- quaorf Catsa eGrarnde sRui ns Monum10e parntictipa te in the fimal days of the NPS/UPenn field school rr, which had been running since the end of Senemvent Field December. In the middle of the group seated at Schionpo roglres s, ‘the large conference table (converted for the january 997. evening into 2 dining table) an extra place was —_— set. ] received a hearty holiday preeting and a a warm plate. lt was a lively and engaging evening celebrating two difficult weeks ofw ncharacteristi- cally cold wet weather for Coolige, Arizona. This was completing a condition survey of the exierior walls of the multi-story earthen Hohokam monument. While field school tasks have become almost routine after five years, this evening understanding, facusing on long-term objecte s reminded me that historic preservatiiso nno t ony about materials, techniques, or chemicals, it The collaborabteigaonn i n 1991) when is a humanistic endeavor of reflecting on and problems were identifieda tF ort Linion Nation; | building bridges to our shared past. Moninu New mMexieco annd Ftort D avis During the last five years, our work with the National Historic Site m Texas. Park managers Architectural Conservation Laboratory at the alerted cultural resource staff about the loss of University of Pennsylvania attests to the effective- ness ofc ollabOourr sucacetsseis oresnult. tr om mentary remains record the crattwork of the times and contribute to an important story. The style of of responansd ai hubmblie lattiitutde. yAls,o. we imienor walls. decorative surtaces, and territorial recognize that we do not want to work im an iso- architecatllu ervoeke )9th-century tromtier army lated environmen and our efiorts are enhanced tiie and represent the spirit ofw estward expansion preathy by working together. Our goals are 10 that seized the country's imagination. As withal l entarge the sphere of conservation through state- of-the-art research. 10 demonstrate field-relevant they can not be recovered. And 2 general survey of treaatnd m10e prensentt o w work to the pubic. The Liniversity approaprocblhemes smor e reveals how rare these tactile bits of history are’ hohstically than the NPS. its orientation is theoretical: seeing how the problems fit into the whole however, as with any other authentic material cul- comiext ofc onserThve NaPSt buidgoet npra.ces s. tive. is both unethical and unrealistic. So. in on the other hand. necessitates vearh planning. 1992, after ap reliminary field pilot season, 2 theee years at best. National parks have a host of launched. From the outset we were not searching fora “quick dix”; rather, we wantot lhee pardt o f 2 deteriorapeteliinog npa.in t. dramage problems. continuum, realizing we are neither the first nor eroding mortars. cic. To our credit. we usually the last to do this work. respond efiectively, identifying the worst case situ- ahons and making repairs. but our efioarret jsim - addressing the problem of how to re-establish ited by short-term goals defined by budget cvcles. Through collabwitoh rPenan.t wei haoven be en amo the weaker adobe substrate (earthen bricks). able 19 meld practical applications with theoretical in the course oj the collaborwaet diisoconve.re d CRM We 10—)997 Fort Limon sum new methods and maienals: mer fretd schoo! extensnvehy documented work: Pratyt Anogei n and provided praduair students Sass with ithe Opportunity to gar hands-on expenenae. After sev otal \wearh, Our iacus expanded ito atte planning and management. The field schoo! was transionmed Into a tonum on the long-term preservation of adobe mums. The MOH! recent product has heen a preservation action plan which the park can wee for 10 to 20 vears. The plan addresses the difficult task of managing preservation of an earthen mun: it doesn't rehy ony on chemical Imtervertions to strengthen adobe. hut targets |lim- inspection, however. reveals disappearing and fed neROMrces to areas requiring difterent levels of iragile imsoriptions. Lacking iniormation trom pre- Intervention. vious conservation efiorts. the Park and ithe For Davis. The preservation issues at Fort Cultural Resources Center embarked on a dacu- Linion were also relevant to Fort Davis: however. mentation and condition assessment project which in this setting. a tange of treatment philosophies led to a series of laboratory studies and fidid tests trom complete restoration to virtually untouched including a sequence of non-destructive testing of rumed fabric in sity made tor a stimulating educa- treatments. A longterm pragtam itor imscription tional and interpretive environment. it also pro- preservation was initiated. A mew partner was the vided an opportunity to present conservation work Zuni tribe, descendants of those who inhabiteidth e a 2 COMMErpO io restoration. region prior to Luropean colonization. The many MissiSano jnos e. Knowna s “Queen of the petragivphs at Ol Morro attest ito thei cultural Missions.” San jose in San Antonio Missions affiliation and consultations with tribal cepresen- National Historical Park considered among the tatives led to the development of culturally and test Spanish Colonial Barague architecture im technically appropriate treatments based on ithe North America The decorative stonework ihas NPS goal of managing and slowing deterioration, heen of concern to ithe NPS for some time. The not stopping natural processes. Our work tacused Cultural Resources Center and the Park recognized On treating non-natve maonptions. Zam cepresen- the fragility of a column an the ruins of the con- tatives were comiortable with this approach and vento during the late 1980s. A management deci- Our consultations lent credence ito ithe philosophy sion wats Made to conserve the deteriorating and of tribal inclusion. The pilot work established ithe compromised column instead of replacing it. As 2 viability of a very lim*ted ume of applied itreat- result of earlier mappropriaie treatments. some ments, selected and lacalized to specific msacnp- questioned the value of treating the stone at all. tions. It continues. This hands-off attitude mayb e walid im protected Mesa Verde. Lime plaster preservation at sites and interiors butt exposed mins or exterior the trontier torts evolved into work on earthen fabric at risk require protection to mitigate deterio- plasters and decorative finishes im pre-Colunthian ration. The devotion ofS an Antonians tor their sites. At Mesa Verde National Park, cesource man- missions was proudhy indicated when a grant was agers held preliminary discussions leading ito reconnaissance missions at cliff dwelling sites. The park's irends proup. Los Compadires de San park sdlected Mup House as a project tacus. A Antonio Missions. On the heels of this efiort. 2 Getty institute Grant matched limited available comprehensive ruins stabilization project was iunds and a pilot was launched tecusing closely on launched. An important spin-off of these collaho- one set of structures and even more closdhy on a tations has been a research effort initiatebdy the partioular kiva. Other partners included English lacal Roman Catholic Diacese with the University Heritage which set wp 2p rogram of environmental focused on some of the ornamental limestone tea- monitoring madidied on systems applied at archeo- tures of San jose Church. logical sites in Great Britain. The results represent ©) Marre. First viewed trom the Highway 53 a holistic approach utilizing computer documenta- approach, insoription Rack ai £)] Morro National tion systems detailing layered data recording of Monument appears indestructible. Close-up surtace phenomena. This pilot work has recenthy 10 ORM Ww 10— 1997