Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)

275 Pages·2009·2.73 MB·English

by  Dallen J. Timothy

Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World
Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World is the first bookofits kind to
synthesize global and regional issues, challenges, and practices related to cultural
heritage and tourism, specifically in less-developed nations. The importance of pre-
servation and management of cultural heritage has been realized as an increasing
number of tourists are visiting heritage attractions. Although many of the issues and
challenges developing countries face in terms of heritage management are quite dif-
ferent from those in the developed world, there is a lackof consolidated research on
this important subject. This seminal book tackles the issues through theoretical dis-
course, ideas, and problems that underlay heritage tourism in terms of conservation,
management, economics and underdevelopment, politics and power, resource utiliza-
tion, colonialism, andvarious other antecedent notions that haveshaped the develop-
mentofheritagetourismintheless-developed regionsoftheworld.
The book is composed of two sections. The first section highlights the broader
conceptual underpinnings,debates, andparadigms in the realm ofheritage tourismin
developing regions. The chapters in this section examine heritage resources and the
tourism product; protecting heritage relics, places and traditions; politics of heritage;
and the impacts of heritage tourism. The second section examines heritage tourism
issues in specific regions, including the Pacific Islands, South Asia, the Caribbean,
China and Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, subSaharan Africa, Central and Eastern
Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. Each region has
unique histories, cultures, political traditions, heritages, issues, and problems, and the
waythese issuesaretackledvaryfromplacetoplace.
This volume develops frameworks that are useful tools for heritage managers,
plannersandpolicy-makers,researchers,andstudentsinunderstandingthecomplexity
of cultural heritage and tourism in the developing world. Unlike many other books
written about developing regions, this book provides insiders’ perspectives, as most of
the empirical chapters are authored by the individuals who live or have lived in the
various regions and have a greater understanding of the region’s culture, history, and
operational frameworks in the realm of cultural heritage. The richness of this “indi-
genous” or expert knowledge comes through as each regional overview elucidates the
primarychallengesandopportunitiesfacingheritageandtourismmanagersintheless
affluentareasoftheworld.
DallenJ.TimothyisProfessorofCommunityResourcesandDevelopmentatArizona
State University, USA. He is Editor of the Journal of Heritage Tourism and also
researchestourismissuesrelatedtoreligion,developingcountries,planning,andborders.
GyanP.NyaupaneisthegraduateprogramdirectorandassistantprofessoratArizona
State University, USA. He has research interests in heritage management, conserva-
tion,andtourismdevelopment inthedevelopingworld
Contemporary geographies of leisure, tourism and mobility
Series editor: C. Michael Hall
Professor, Department of Management, College of Business & Economics,
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
The aim of this series is to explore and communicate the intersections and rela-
tionshipsbetweenleisure,tourism,andhumanmobilitywithinthesocialsciences.
It will incorporate both traditional and new perspectives on leisure and
tourismfromcontemporarygeography,e.g.,notionsofidentity,representation
and culture, while also providing for perspectives from cognate areas such as
anthropology,culturalstudies,gastronomyandfoodstudies,marketing,policy
studies and political economy, regional and urban planning, and sociology,
within the development of an integrated field of leisure and tourism studies.
Also,increasingly,tourism and leisureareregarded asstepsin acontinuum
of human mobility. Inclusion of mobility in the series offers the prospect to
examine the relationship between tourism and migration, the sojourner, edu-
cational travel, and second home and retirement travel phenomena.
The series comprises two strands:
Contemporary geographies of leisure,tourismand mobilityaims to addressthe
needs of students and academics, and the titles will be published in hardback
and paperback. Titles include:
The Moralisation of Tourism Tourism and Global Environmental
Sun,sand…andsavingtheworld?
Change
Jim Butcher
Ecological, social, economic and
political interrelationships
The Ethics of Tourism Development
Mick Smith and Rosaleen Duffy Edited by Stefan Gössling and
C. Michael Hall
Tourism in the Caribbean
Trends, development, prospects Cultural Heritage of Tourism in the
Edited by David Timothy Duval Developing World
DallenJ.TimothyandGyanP.
QualitativeResearchinTourism(red) Nyaupane
Ontologies, epistemologies and
methodologies
Edited by Jenny Phillimore and Forthcoming
Lisa Goodson
Understanding and Managing
The Media and the Tourist
Tourism Impacts
Imagination (metallic mid-blue) Michael Hall and Alan Lew
Converging cultures
Edited by David Crouch, Rhona
Jackson and Felix Thompson
Routledge studies in contemporary geographies of leisure, tourism and mobility
is a forum for innovative new research intended for research students and
academics, and the titleswill be available in hardbackonly. Titles include:
1. Living with Tourism 10. Tourism, Creativity and
Negotiating identities in a Development
Turkish village Edited by Greg Richards and
Hazel Tucker Julie Wilson
2. Tourism, Diasporas and Space 11. Tourism at the Grassroots
Edited by Tim Coles and Edited by John Connell and
Dallen J. Timothy Barbara Rugendyke
3. Tourism and Postcolonialism 12. Tourism and Innovation
Contested discourses, identities Michael Hall and Allan Williams
and representations
Edited by C. Michael Hall and 13. World Tourism Cities
Hazel Tucker Developing tourism off the
beaten track
4. Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Edited by Robert Maitland and
Journeys Peter Newman
Edited by Dallen J. Timothy and
Daniel H. Olsen 14. Tourism and National Parks
International perspectives on
5. China’s Outbound Tourism development, histories and change
Wolfgang Georg Arlt Edited by Warwick Frost and
C. Michael Hall
6. Tourism, Power and Space
Edited by Andrew Church and
Tim Coles Forthcoming
7. Tourism, Ethnic Diversity and 15. Tourism, Performance and the
the City Everyday
Edited by Jan Rath Consuming the Orient
Michael Haldrup and
8. Ecotourism, NGOs and Jonas Larsen
Development
A critical analysis
Jim Butcher
9. Tourism and the Consumption of
Wildlife
Hunting,shootingandsportfishing
Edited by Brent Lovelock

Cultural Heritage and Tourism
in the Developing World
A regional perspective
Edited by
Dallen J. Timothy and Gyan P. Nyaupane
Firstpublished2009
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
©2009Selectionandeditorialmatter:DallenJ.TimothyandGyanP.
Nyaupane; individual chapters: the contributors
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor
utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now
knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin
anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting
fromthepublishers.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Culturalheritageandtourisminthedevelopingworld:aregional
perspective/DallenJ.TimothyandGyanP.Nyaupane(eds)
p.cm.—(Contemporarygeographiesofleisure,tourismandmobilities)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
[etc.]
1.Heritagetourism—Developingcountries.I.Timothy,DallenJ.II.
Nyaupane,GyanP.,1968–
G156.5.H47C8532009
338.4’791091724—dc22
2008048520
ISBN 0-203-87775-6 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10:0-415-77621-X(hbk)
ISBN10:0-415-77622-8(pbk)
ISBN10:0-203-87775-6(ebk)
ISBN13:978-0-415-77621-9(hbk)
ISBN13:978-0-415-77622-6(pbk)
ISBN13:978-0-203-87775-3(ebk)
Contents
List of figures ix
List of tables x
List of contributors xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Preface xiv
PARTI
Heritage issues and challenges in developing regions 1
1 Introduction: heritage tourism and the less-developedworld 3
2 Protecting the past: challenges and opportunities 20
3 The politics of heritage 42
4 Heritage tourism and its impacts 56
PARTII
Heritage issues and challenges: regional perspectives 71
5 The meanings, marketing, and management of heritage tourism
in Southeast Asia 73
JOANC.HENDERSON
6 Heritage and tourism in East Asia’s developing nations:
communist–socialist legacies and diverse cultural landscapes 93
DALLENJ.TIMOTHY,BIHUWU,ANDOYUNCHIMEGLUVSANDAVAAJAV
7 Heritage tourism in the Pacific: modernity, myth, and identity 109
C.MICHAELHALL
viii Contents
8 SouthAsianheritagetourism:conflict,colonialism,andcooperation 127
GYANP.NYAUPANEANDMEGHABUDRUK
9 Heritage tourism in Southwest Asia and North Africa: contested
pasts and veiled realities 146
DALLENJ.TIMOTHYANDRAMIF.DAHER
10 Tourism and Africa’s tripartite cultural past 165
VICTORB.TEYE
11 Heritage management and tourism in the Caribbean 186
LESLIE-ANNJORDANANDDAVIDT.DUVAL
12 Heritage tourism in Latin America: can turbulent times be
overcome? 209
REGINASCHLÜTER
13 Heritage tourism in Central and Eastern Europe 224
DUNCANLIGHT,CRAIGYOUNG,ANDMARIUSZCZEPCZYN´SKI
14 Heritage tourism in the developing world: reflections and
ramifications 246
Index 252
Figures
5.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in Southeast Asia 82
6.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in East Asia 94
7.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
n the Pacific 113
8.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in South Asia 129
9.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in the Middle East and North Africa 156
10.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in subSaharan Africa 168
11.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in the Caribbean 187
12.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in Latin America 212
13.1 Developing countries and World Heritage Sites
in Eastern Europe 225