Cristoforo Colombo

572 Pages·1966·16.933 MB·Italian

by  Salvador de Madariaga

SALVADORD E MADARIAGA
CRISTOFORO COLOMBO
Traduzdiaolnle' idnigC leessaerA innag eletti
LAV ERITNÀO NS POSNAE SSUNO.
(Provsepargbniool o).
dall'Oglediiot,o- rMei lano
Medaglfiroengdiii,,ci tudrite u titv io lumi
dellcaol lanaad operdale p itotre
MINo BuTTAFAVA diM ilano.
Proprairettisàtt eitrcraoid-ael lel'edd/aiftOoog.rl ei
PROLOGO

CAPITOLO l
LO STENDARDO E LA CROCE
Il2 g enna1i4o 9r2eF/ e rdinacnadvoa lcaallv iam,p isdooldi e
Andaluvseirasq,ou e lcliat dtiàG ranald'au,l tgiimooi edlellsol uaa
coroinnma anoa gliin fedcehlepi,,e p2ri dui u ns ecoelrosa,t alt'ao s­
sessicodn seio lg ndoe siu oain te.nV aetsitdiitr oi ccahbiid taici o lori
al
smaglisaunu tndi e,s trcioenlr ago u drapdp'ao erc oo pedritb or oc­
catroo sseog,lc ia valaclalvtaae sdteal pliabu r illsacnhtiede irc aa va­
liemraiiv eduatq au,e tie mpiinS, p agona a ltroivd eu:c hei c ia pi­
taniim ,a rcheedsi ci o ncthiep ,e orl tdriee acnin aiv,e vainnoi nterrot­
tamenctoem baota tlus tuofi ancpoe cro nquias ptaasrase po a sscoa,­
steplelcroa stecliltpote,àcr i titlrà i,c rceog ndio G ranaddeaql,u ale
oral em antir emadnitB io abdiillg iovasntea vapneorc onsegnargli
lac apitCa'leer.ai nlco a rdidniaS lpea gnPae,d rGoo n:lzelzd eM en­
dozuan,o d eguloim ipniiue minednitiq uell'aeupsotceear i alp, o ­
tenmtaee stdreol l'Omridliintdeai Sr aenG iacoem doi u cdhiiM edina­
Sidoneid aiC adiecd eo,n A londseoA guilea irlm archedsiV ei i­
lenialc, o ndit eU reiila',i nstaendco anbniilpeo tceonnttdeeiC abra,
terrdoermieo rie, m oltail tprrie lea gtein tiluoumniamn ais,sv ai ­
vendite p orposreate,ab roccsaction,t idl'laarngteeed n 'toor coh,es i
muoveavlar itmo armdoenciia ovsaaoln ldial uesdia rabail,l 'ombra
diu naf oredsipt ean nodnibi a,n dieed rise t endasrudlqilu,aa tlrei on­
favalnaco r odc'eo erl oo s tendarredadiol eC astiglia.
Lac apitolearzsait oanfitera m aitl3a 0d icembImr oer.i d,o puon
assedduiroa ottotm oe ssii,e ranaor repsefira meed a vevaancoc ettato
dic onseglneaf roer tedzizfeed saBe o abdai pla,t cthoe l al orfoe de
edi l orboe nfio ssreirsop eQtuteastetire.a nloes olcitoen diioznsie ­
condloeq ualliec itmtoàr escmheen,oq ualcthrea geicccae zione,
comep erl ap resdaiM :Hagsaie, r anaor redsuer,a nltage u erraa ,
Ferdinapnodioc,eh géle ir au nad iq uelmleen tais tuctheep referi­
sconuon v antaggtiroastota a utnoab elblaat tagLlai rae.sd ae lla
citatvàr ebdboev uatvo elru ogiol6 gennamiao r, eB oabdtiel-,
8 CRISTOFCOORLOO MBO
mendol 'opedriua n a gitatcohrese t avsao llevlaanp doop olaez ion
contdriol uei c ontirc or istaivaenvica,h iesat roeF erdinadnid o
anticiiplga iroer dneol sluaa e ntrata cintetlàl.a
La regilnsaa bceolpl, r incdiopneJ uanc,h ea lloarvae vqau attor­
dicain nie, l a infJaunatnaia l,c uifi gliiolf, u tuCraor lVo, e non
donJ uani,lf ratedlolvoe,uv ang iorenroe dittuatrqteua e lmlaag nifi­
cenzeam oltaal tfruat uarsas,i steavlalsnopo e ttadcaolllo'd ailu tnoa
collnienipa r essi delalila o rpcoii etditilàG ;e nisle rpeggviearvsao
laV e gac,h em ostraavnac oria s egndie lltee rribili devastazioni
causadtaue n ag uerdruar adtiae acnin iS;a ntFaé l, ac itdtiàm attoni
e dig esscoo,s trluàid toav seo rgelv'aa ccamparmeeandltieos trutto,
solsoe mie spir imdaa,fl u ocaov,e vla' aspdeitu ntaos cacchdiiue nr a
colroors psool versoopsroau nos fonbdrou nfoa ngoso, dgeacioar­ata
mentdei b andiearffeo,l ldaitm au lia,s ien cia valllesi t,r aodset ruite
dacia rriadgeglil 'arteid gelriii efroiran imseunlmtluier; ad ell'Alham­
brac, l ar os,s,at orreggsiuadine tcil biovsic ofsoir,m icolaivnaa tn­o,
tesgali,u omindie lgluaa rnigsipoanvee natvavtiil,ei l teli o,rd oo nne,
inp redaal ltar istdeizu zan as conficthteap, e reò,r aa nchuen al ibe­
razioendea ,ff ascindaabt uio,n oir ientnaolnio,s talnagt rea vidteàl
momentdoa,l lsop lendore dellcoh ess ips evtotlagcedovalvaoa nti
ail oro occhi.
Unac avalmceantoab rillasncteen ddeavlacl iat dtaàl rloes msuer a
versiolG eniBlo.a bdiilgil o vanaec,c ompagdnaau tnoe sigsutou olo
dic avalsiceorria ggsiiaa vtvii,a av cah iudle'reep odcae lldao mina­
zionmeo resdcuar aotlatr see tsteec oIl bi.u rnboiuansc chhie,n ei
giordneil lgal orailae ggiasvualnllooe r toe sftaes cidaitt uer banti,
mentrige u errieri gaulrolpapnamdviona ancodc iem ortaeic ristiani,
pendevaonroaf losacili o rfioa nchcio mes udarii c poerrpa iv viliti.
Cavalcaivnas niol enBzoiaob.d siols pirgarvaav,ad taol lrae sponsabi­
litrài,p ensafnodraosl elg eu ercriev iinlc iu in,e gullit iamnin ia,v eva
sperpetruattltoeer imanefnotrizd ee slu op opolo.
MentrFee rdinaansdpoe ttavsac,o rastvuovrl oà l dtioB oabdtirla c­
ced in ovaen ndii g uerrdaip, e riceo dlipi r ivazEiroannit .r ascorsi
infantotviae n ndia lg iorinnoc uin,e l1 48il3 p,ot enrtece r istiano
avevaav utBoo abdaillls au am ercièn,C ordoveag ,lia vevrai donato
lal iberrtiàt,e nenpdioupl eor icocloomseou ,n od eic apdie llleo ro
guercriev ipleiri, s uocih,e c omec apdoe gliin fedpeeliri, c ristiani.
Eras taatlol ocrhaea queltlriia,s uocio rtigeidua ffinic iaclhiei, n si­
stevapneor cohbéb ligialsr sese o ggeat btaoc ialragm lain oF erdi­
nandaov evrai spocsotnno o bilLtoàf: a rceeimr tenatseee gflois se
liebrnoe l rgsenuoon; o lnof armòe rnetè p roigniinedrm oi o.3
PROLOGO 9
Forseen tramabvie vapnroe seqnutees etpoi soqduiaon,d Boo abdil
sia rresdtaòv analtliab rillsacnhiteer dae ic ristiea fneic le' atdtio
scenddearc ea vaeld liob acilaarme a nod iF erdinaMnad qou.e sltoi
fermeòB oabdriimla,n endions ellsai,i nchipnròo fondambeanctieò,
ilb raccdiiFo e rdin�edg ol cio nseglnecò h iadviGi r anada.
Chih av eduitlco a poladvioV re ol asq«u Leazr esdaiB red:.ap uò
immaginialgr ees ntoob ielc eo rtceosqleu alreeF erdinarnidcoe vette
quelclhei anvoin,l ec hiadviiu naq ualunqauletc riat ttoàl atlan e­
micod,o pMoal aga, LBoajzaea, t ante cahlegt lrsiei e ranaor rese,
ma lec hiadviiq uellGar anadcah ec,o meu nafi bbisap lenddiid a
gemme, uinniu vnaas ola Spiam gonlatr ie gnsii,g noer gioev erni
delplean isola.
Ferdinapnodrosl eec hiaavlci o ntdei Tendilla,d iqr uaemlploal lo
casadtiMa e ndozcah ea vevgai dàa talol aS pagnmao ltdie siu omii ­
gliouroim indi' aremd ei c hieesdau nod esiu omii glioproie dtiit utti
it empAlil.o raT endilcloacl,o mandangteen erdailL ee 6nd,o nG u­
tierdreCe a rdonsae,g uidtauo n af olvlaar iopdiinc taav alei perrei­
cedudtaol clrao ecd ea lsltoe ndarredaosl ea,Hac avalvleor,ls 'oA lham­
braU.n momentdoii ntenesmao ziosniepa e ri m orich ep eri c ri­
stianmii:g lida'ioac cihniu ,n silentzeisoso e,g uivla'naos cfie­sa
naldee lclrao cee d ellsot endasrudlol 'ulftoirmtaed zezlal 'IEs lam.
allomrean,t rgel ia ralpdrio clamacvoanna ol tger idac G:r anada,
Granapdear r eF erdinaen ldaor egiInsaa b:.e,pl r imlaa c rocpeo,i
los tendarredaosl iie n nalzanreoclni oe slulol tao rdrieC omareNso.n
squidlilt ir ombneo,nr ulldarit ambunroin,q uelmluas icgaa iead
elegacnhteIe s abaemla vtaa ntmoa,,n els ilenizlci oor,do e ic antori
delrleag irnaag,g rupipnattoor an loe iin,t oinlsò o leninnen doi r in­
graziameTnt Deo:e ulma aumdues l ar egicnaad dien g inocchio
e pianse.
Isabaevle vqau asqiu aranatnunnPi o.s siafmaoru cni' iddeeasl u o
aspeetd teosl u oc aratdtaelrdleea s crizcihoedn ile e ciih al asciialt o
suos egretdairfi idou ciea c roniHsetran,a nddeolP ulgar:4
« Questrae gienraa d im edisat atubreanf, a tet ap roporzionata
nelmleem brmao,l tboi anecb ai ondias ;u ooic chaiv evaunnoc olore
trvae rdeea zzurirlso ,u os guaredroal eggiaed mrood estilo i,n ea­
mentbie np roporziiolnv aotlitb,oe llissei gmaoi oA.v evcao ntegno
e movimenbteinm isurantoin;b evevvai noe;r au nab uonissima
donnea lep iacedviaa verien toran soé v ecchdiaem ed ib uona
stirep deib uonc arattOesrpei.t anveals uop alazfzaon cinuolbliel i,
figlideeg ir anddeisi u orie gnaib,i tuddiicn ueni o ns iè l etntoat izia
nelsltao rdiina e ssun'raelgtirAnama a.v am oltiolr es uos poseode ra
10 CRISTOFCOORLOO MBO
gelodsila u oil torgen dii rEer.ai ntelliegs eenntsei dboitldiei ,ffi cai li
trovaurnsiiti enu nas olpae rsopnaa;r labvean issei maov,e vuan a
mentceo se1c cellcehnent,oe n ostalnedt ieffi ceif lait icoocsceu pazioni
deglo verdneosi u orie gniin,t raplrose tsued dieoll a tien,io nu na nno,
raggiuunnsate a lceo noscedniqz uae sltian gduaap otecro mprenderla
semprsei paa rlacthaes criEttraac. a ttoel diecvao tear:as oliltaa­
sciaerlee mosiinns ee,g reitnlo u,o gahdia tstiir :e canveag loir atori,
visitmaovnaa stee crais dei r eligsipoescii,a lmqeunetlieln ec uia,
quantloer isultsaicv oan,d ucuenvaav itoan estea p,r ovvedleovrao
cong eneroAsbiotràr.ig vlsait regeog nliii n doveit nuit lteep ersone
dediatdea rteid i nvenzisoinmiiT lria.e vpai acedrael lcao nversa­
ziondei p ersorneel igdiaolslveai tcaa stea c one sstee nesvpae sso
riuniporniiv aBteen.c haés coltlaals osroeop inieoq nuee ldliua o mini
dottaiiq, u ali proitceovrara egrievn,ae lmlaag gipoarr tdee ic asdii
proprtieas tRai.u scbievnaie n q ualunqcuoesi an traprenEdreas se.
moltpor oclai rveen dgeiru stitzainatc,oh ed il esii d icecvhae s e­
guivpai ul av idae lla secvheeqr uietldàle al la peiq euteàsf;ta oc eva
perp orrfer enaol ldae littcuoorsrau zcihoetn uer baivlra e gnqou ando
eras aliatlta r onDoe.s idercahvela es uel ettee rsieu ooir dirniic e­
vesseprroo nattat enziQounees.te ar al ar egicnhaee stier spòr adicò
l'erecshieia n fiernievlra e gndoi C astigpleiroa p erdai a lcucnrii ­
stiadnisi t irepber aitcoar naaltlira e ligidoenige i udee cih ee llrai ­
conudssae v ivedraeb uoncir istPiearni ilc. o nferimdeenibt eon efizi
ecclesicahsert iimcais,ve arcoa nstiei r,ia m posltara e gorliag ordois a
nons eguilrase u ap ersonianlcel inazmiao dnire i,c orrere als empre
papaa,f finlcehi én dicasse uomiendio ngeesnnteoirn;co isè i m ai
accadudtilo e ggecrheea lcuanl tsroov radneolp assaatbob ifaa tto
quesctoon t antdai ligeRneznad.e ovmaa ggaiiop releadta ii n obili
deslu or egnnoe mlo dod ir ivollgoerlroa p aroeld ai a ssegnlaorreo
ilp ostaos edeero es,s ervlaapv rae cedenzaa ddo ogvnuutnao secondo
l'impordtealnplzeaar soendia l s uog rado. Erad igd roancnnu ao re;
nascondeed vias simullasa uvaia r ritaez,pi eoqrnu ee sstuaab enn ota
caratterigi rsatniddcdiar ,e gncoo,m et utlteae l tpreer sotneem,e vano
las uai ndignazPieornn aet.u erraas inceer ian clai nmea ntenlear e
parodlaat bae,n chaé c,a usdae ig rancdaim biamepnrtoiv ocdaatlil e
guererd ei a ltarviv enimdeensltu ior egncoo,m ep urpee ri lc ompor­
tamenitnoc ostdaina tlec une peqrusaolncveho,el tcaa mbiaisdseea .
Erau n'instanlcaavboirlaetc roimcese iv, e driànq uesctrao naEcraa.
fermnae llseu ed ecisidoanlilq,eu alsiia llontasnoalvcoao ng ran
difficolStidà i.c ecvhae n one rag eneropsear cnhoén d istribiu iva
feudaip parteanlep nattir imorneiaoal ec olocrhoe i,n q uegii orni,