Crime & Criminology

303 Pages·3·6.444 MB·English

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Published in Canada by
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Copyright © Oxford University Press Canada 2018
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
First Edition published in 2009
Second Edition published in 2013
Crime and Criminology: An Introduction, 3rd edition, was originally published in English
in 2004 by Oxford University Press Australia and New Zealand, 253 Normanby Road,
South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia with the ISBN 9780195517323.
This adapted edition is published by arrangement. Oxford University Press Canada
is solely responsible for this adaptation from the original work.
Copyright © 1996, 2000, 2004 Rob White and Fiona Haines.
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suitable acknowledgement in future editions.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
White, R. D. (Robert Douglas), 1956-, author
Crime & criminology : an introduction / Rob White, Fiona Haines,
Lauren Eisler.—Third Canadian edition.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-19-902449-0 (softcover)
1. Criminology—Textbooks. 2. Textbooks. I. Haines, Fiona, author
II. Eisler, Lauren D., author III. Title. IV. Title: Crime and criminology.
HV6025.W44 2017 364 C2017-901831-0
Cover image: © youworkforthem/Glitch in The System
Cover design: Laurie McGregor
Interior design: Sherill Chapman
Oxford University Press is committed to our environment.
Wherever possible, our books are printed on paper which comes from responsible sources.
Printed and bound in Canada
1 2 3 4—21 20 19 18
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Contents
Figures vi
Tables vi
Boxes vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements ix
1 • The Study of Crime 1
2 • Classical Theory 24
3 • Biological and Psychological Positivism 43
4 • Sociological Positivism 70
5 • Labelling Perspectives 104
6 • Marxist Criminology 126
7 • Feminist Perspectives 148
8 • New Right Criminology 176
9 • Restorative Justice 199
10 • Critical Criminology 228
11 • Conclusion 269
Glossary 276
Index 283
Figures, Tables, and Boxes
Figures
2.1 Conservative Party Election Platform, 2015 38
4.1 The Concentric Zone Model 77
6.1 Summary Table of the Cost/Benefit Analysis of the Ford Pinto by the
Ford Motor Company 135
8.1 Conservative Party Platform on Justice 2015 180
Tables
1.1 A Radical Definition of Crime 18
2.1 Classical Theory 29
3.1 Positivist Approaches 47
4.1 Strain Theory 72
5.1 Labelling Perspectives 107
6.1 Marxist Criminology 130
7.1 Feminist Perspectives 157
7.2 Women and Crime 161
8.1 Right-Wing Libertarianism 184
8.2 Conservatism 186
9.1 Objectives and Values of Restorative Justice 207
10.1 Structuralist Criminology 234
10.2 Postmodernism 237
11.1 Underlying Assumptions of Criminological Theory 271
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Boxes
Crime in Context
Box 1.2 9 Box 5.3 118 Box 9.1 203
Box 2.1 31 Box 6.1 132 Box 10.2 253
Box 3.1 49 Box 7.1 152
Box 4.1 84 Box 8.3 192
Case in Point
Box 1.3 14 Box 5.1 110 Box 9.3 213
Box 2.3 36 Box 6.2 136 Box 10.1 248
Box 3.3 54 Box 7.2 166
Box 4.3 94 Box 8.1 181
Theory in Current Research
Box 1.1 8 Box 5.2 113 Box 9.2 211
Box 2.2 36 Box 6.3 142 Box 10.3 256
Box 3.2 53 Box 7.3 169
Box 4.2 92 Box 8.2 190

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Preface
It is with great pleasure that we present the third Canadian edition of Crime and
Criminology. As each year passes, it is clear that change is fundamental to what is hap-
pening in contemporary global society and that this, too, needs to be reflected in a book of
this nature. Furthermore, we are aware that the relevance of any particular theory or per-
spective will vary according to current developments in both the world of academia and
the world outside of the academy. In light of this, we have modified the text once again,
in ways that attempt to make new analytical connections, summarize present trends in
criminological theory, and be of general interest to the reader. Specifically, in this edition
we have updated the discussions of crime measurement, public criminology, restorative
justice, critical race theory and intersectionality, critical criminology, and green crim-
inology. We have also added new “Theory in Current Research” boxes to illustrate the
interconnectedness of theoretical analysis and contemporary criminological research.
Additionally, we have added new material incorporated into “Case in Point” and “Crime
in Context” boxes to facilitate discussion on current issues. Finally, we have added more
terms to the glossary.
We believe that we have provided a comprehensive yet concise introduction to the
major theories and perspectives in criminology. We hope that you find the book of use and
interest as you explore the wide variety of explanations for many different types of crime
and social harm.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to many people for their assistance in the development and further revi-
sion of this book. Special thanks go to my colleagues in the Department of Criminology,
faculty, staff, and graduate students who helped to shape and mould the ways in which
the material was developed for teaching purposes. Thank you to Oxford University Press,
most expressly Amy Gordon, for the support and encouragement. I must express my sin-
cere thank you to my research assistants, Caitlin Elliot, Jessica Harney, and Anna Theuer,
for their dedication, talent, professionalism, and ability to meet timelines. Finally, I want
to say thank you to John Lortie for his unwavering love and support—and his occasional
insistence that I leave the office and seek sunshine and fresh air.
—Lauren Eisler