Creative Environments: Issues of Creativity Support for the Knowledge Civilization Age

517 Pages·2007·5.25 MB·English

by  Andrzej P. Wierzbicki

AndrzejP.WierzbickiandYoshiteruNakamori(Eds.)
CreativeEnvironments
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence,Volume59
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Andrzej P. Wierzbicki
Yoshiteru Nakamori
(Eds.)
Creative Environments
Issues of Creativity Support
for the Knowledge Civilization Age
With 78 Figures and 29 Tables
AndrzejP.Wierzbicki YoshiteruNakamori
ResearchProfessor ProfessorandDean
CenterforStrategicDevelopment SchoolofKnowledgeScience
ofScienceandTechnology JapanAdvancedInstitute
JapanAdvancedInstitute ofScienceandTechnology
ofScienceandTechnology 1-1AsahidaiNomi
1-1AsahidaiNomi Ishikawa923-1292
Ishikawa923-1292 Japan
Japan E-mail:[email protected]
E-mail:[email protected]
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ISSNelectronicedition:1860-9503
ISBN 978-3-540-71466-8SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Knowledge is satisfactory in itself
(an old Zen philosophy principle)
Preface
The book continues the themes started in the book Creative Space: Models
of Creative Processes for the Knowledge Civilization Age (A.P. Wierzbicki
and Y. Nakamori, Springer, 2006), while concentrating more on software
and, more generally, on environments for supporting creative processes,
although developing also some further aspects of models of creative proc-
esses as well as addressing some related systemic and philosophical issues.
The book was written as an activity of the 21st Century Center of
Excellence Program Technology Creation Based on Knowledge Science at
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) in Nomi,
Ishikawa, Japan. It relies also on broad international cooperation, e.g., with
the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in
Laxenburg, Austria; the Institute of Systems Science, Academy of Mathe-
matics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISS-CAS);
the University of Hull in Hull, Great Britain; the National Institute of Tele-
communications (NIT) and the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT),
as well as the Polish–Japanese Institute of Information Technology (PJIIT)
and the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology in the Polish Academy of
Sciences (IPS-PAS) in Warsaw, Poland. The authors also enjoyed coopera-
tion with many Japanese universities and research institutions, e.g., Kyoto
University, University of Osaka, Kansai University, Osaka Sangyo
University, Hiroshima University, Konan University, University of Tsukuba
(Graduate School of Business Sciences, Tokyo branch – GSBS-UT),
Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa (IRII), Kanazawa, and the Japan
Institute of Shinayakana Systems Engineering.
The editors of this book are Andrzej P. Wierzbicki and Yoshiteru
Nakamori, who also authored Chaps. 1, 3, 16 and 18, but this book is much
more a cooperative effort of 21 other co-authors. Chapter 2 was written
with the participation of Jing Tian and Hongtao Ren (JAIST), Chap. 4 was
written by Tu Bao Ho, Saori Kawasaki (JAIST) and Janusz Granat (NIT),
Chap. 5 with the participation of Susumu Kunifuji (JAIST) and Naotaka
Kato (IRII), Chap. 6 with the participation of Jifa Gu (ISS-CAS), Chap. 7
with the participation of Tieju Ma (JAIST and IIASA) and Jie Yan (JAIST),
Chap. 8 by Adam W. Wierzbicki (PJIIT) and Hongtao Ren (JAIST), Chap. 9
viii Preface
with the participation of Hiroe Tsubaki (GSBS-UT), Chapter 10 with the
participation of Marek Makowski (IIASA), Chap. 11 with the participation
of Mina Ryoke (GSBS-UT), Chap. 12 with the participation of Wiesław
Traczyk (WUT and NIT) and Van Nam Huynh (JAIST), Chap. 13 with the
participation of Toshiya Ando (JAIST) and Piotr Górczy(cid:276)ski (WUT), Chap.
14 with the participation of Toshiya Kobayashi (JAIST), Chap. 15 with the
participation of Fei Gao (JAIST), Chap. 17 by Zbigniew Król (IPS-PAS).
Part I of this book, Basic Models of Creative Processes, besides recall-
ing models developed in the book Creative Space, presents an empirical
test of the importance of some elements of the Triple Helix model of
academic knowledge creation and a new integrated, prescriptive model of
both academic and organisational knowledge creation called JAIST Nana-
tsudaki Model.
Main parts of this book concentrate on diverse issues of knowledge
engineering and computational intelligence used for creativity support.
Part II, Tools for Supporting Basic Creative Processes, contains chapters
on knowledge acquisition by machine learning and data mining; on crea-
tivity support in brainstorming; on debating and creativity support; on
creativity support in roadmapping; and on integrated support for scientific
creativity. Part III, Diverse Tools Supporting Creative Processes, contains
chapters on statistics for creativity support; on virtual laboratories; on
gaming as a tool of creativity training; on knowledge representation and
multiple criteria aggregation for creativity support; and on distance learn-
ing and teaching.
The final Part IV of this book, Knowledge Management and Philosophi-
cal Issues of Creativity Support, contains chapters on management of
technology and knowledge management for academic R&D; on knowl-
edge management and creative holism: systems thinking in the knowledge
age; on technology and change: the role of technology in knowledge civili-
sation; on the emergence of complex concepts in science; and the final
chapter on summary and conclusions.
We feel that this book illustrates well enough the technological feasi-
bility of using knowledge engineering and computational intelligence for
supporting scientific creativity and industrial innovations. However, the
major issues and obstacles identified during this work are not technical;
they have much rather epistemic and cross-cultural character. They are not
caused by the differences between the Oriental and Occidental cultures;
much rather, there are caused by the differences of the cultural spheres of sci-
ences and arts, or, more precisely, by the following two types of differences:
Preface i x
There are essential differences between:
(1) The models, mechanisms and motivations of knowledge creation
in:
− Academic institutions (universities, research institutes), and in;
− Industrial or other purpose oriented organizations; and
(2) The episteme (the way of creating and justifying knowledge) of
the three cultural spheres:
− Of natural and basic sciences;
− Of technology; and
− Of social sciences and humanities.
When designing knowledge engineering and computational intelli-
gence tools for supporting scientific creativity, such differences
must be taken into account.
In this book, we present also attempts to overcome these differences: the
difference (1) by the integrated JAIST Nanatsudaki Model of knowledge
creation presented in Chap. 3, and the difference (2) by a proposal of an
integrated episteme of constructive evolutionary objectivism, necessary for
the knowledge civilization age.
We are fully aware that this proposal of an integrated episteme – simi-
larly as many other issues indicated in this book – might be counted only
as a starting point for further debates and investigation. However, we hope
that this book contributes not only to the development of knowledge engi-
neering and computational intelligence support for scientific creativity, but
also to overcoming such differences as listed above.

Andrzej P. Wierzbicki, Yoshiteru Nakamori

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST),
Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan
January 2007
Contents
Part I: Basic Models of Creative Processes
1 Preliminaries.......................................................................................................3
(Andrzej P. Wierzbicki, Yoshiteru Nakamori)
1.1 Introductory Remarks.................................................................................3
1.2 Conclusions from Creative Space..............................................................3
1.3 Descriptive and Prescriptive Models of Knowledge Creation.................10
1.4 Ba and Creative Environments.................................................................11
1.5 Philosophical Questions...........................................................................13
1.5.1 Knowledge Management and Creative Holism..............................13
1.5.2 Technology and Change..................................................................14
1.5.3 The Processes of Emergence of Basic Concepts
and the Problem of a New Episteme in Knowledge
Civilisation.....................................................................................16
1.6 The Contents of this Book.......................................................................18
1.7 Acknowledgements..................................................................................23
2 Testing the Triple Helix Model........................................................................25
(Jing Tian, Andrzej P. Wierzbicki, Hongtao Ren, and Yoshiteru Nakamori)
2.1 Introductory Remarks...............................................................................25
2.2 Knowledge Creation Processes................................................................27
2.3 A Survey of Scientific Creativity Support...............................................30
2.3.1 Background and Goals....................................................................30
2.3.2 Questionnaire Design......................................................................31
2.3.3 Study Instruments...........................................................................32
2.4 Analysis of Survey Results......................................................................32
2.4.1 Reference Profiles and Achievement Functions.............................34
2.4.2 The Application of Reference Profiles in Our Research................37
2.4.3 Survey Findings..............................................................................40
2.5 Discussion................................................................................................42
2.6 Conclusions..............................................................................................44
3 Knowledge Sciences and JAIST Nanatsudaki Model......................................47
(Andrzej P. Wierzbicki, Yoshiteru Nakamori)
3.1 Introductory Remarks...............................................................................47
3.2 Knowledge Management versus Technology Management....................48
3.3 The Emergence of Knowledge Sciences..................................................50