Core Concepts in Hypertension in Kidney Disease

352 Pages·2016·7.208 MB·English

by  Ajay K. Singh, Rajiv Agarwal (eds.)

Core Concepts
in Hypertension in
Kidney Disease
Ajay K. Singh
Rajiv Agarwal
Editors
123
Core Concepts in Hypertension in Kidney Disease
Ajay K. Singh • Rajiv Agarwal
Editors
Core Concepts
in Hypertension in Kidney
Disease
Editors
Ajay K. Singh Rajiv Agarwal
Global and Continuing Education VA Medical Center
Harvard Medical School Indiana University School of Medicine
Boston , MA , USA Indianapolis , IN , USA
ISBN 978-1-4939-6434-5 ISBN 978-1-4939-6436-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-6436-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950860
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
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Pref ace
Hypertension is ubiquitous in chronic kidney disease (CKD); textbooks on hyperten-
sion in CKD are not. The specialist wants to master the art of managing hypertension
in CKD, yet there are few resources to go to. This book, we hope, fi lls the vacuum
for the specialist who wants a comprehensive review of hypertension in CKD.
I n approaching the diffi cult task to fi ll this void, we created topics that would
have minimal overlap among them and asked each of the authors to provide a com-
prehensive, yet succinct, narrative on the subject. Authors need little introduction as
they are respected authorities in the fi eld from around the world; we are grateful for
their efforts in creating this text. As editors, we did not try to change their opin-
ions—even when our approach may have been different—because the evidence
base for practice is often thin and opinion-based. We did ask our authors to rational-
ize their unique approach in the hopes that this would allow the readers to appreciate
the variations in practice among authorities.
Books are old-fashioned and often have the quality of being outdated even before
they are published. So we may ask: why do we still read books? There is something
real about holding a book; the smell of paper, turning the pages, highlighting, and
making notes allow us to develop a GPS image in our brains; it provides a connec-
tion with the material that we feel is not possible with electronic texts. We are decid-
edly old-fashioned when it comes to touching real paper and learning by reading
books on paper.
This book is written with primarily the renal fellow or a practicing nephrologist
in mind. The renal fellow may want to master the subject and read the book cover to
cover in bite-sized chapters. The practicing nephrologist may simply want to review
a few areas of interest to her. Each chapter stands on its own, and the book, in order
to be understood, does not need to be read from the fi rst page to the last.
W e owe a debt of gratitude to our wives, Anuja and Ritu, while we took time to
edit this work. The editorial team at Springer, in particular Barbara Lopez-Lucio,
v
vi Preface
gets a big thank you from us for keeping us on track; without the editorial team (and
Barbara in particular), there was little hope of creating this textbook.
L astly, we hope that our daughters, Radhika and Anika, both medical students,
and Vikrum and Nikki, will join them in reading this text (and approve of it).
Boston, MA, USA Ajay K. Singh
Indianapolis, IN, USA Rajiv Agarwal
Contents
1 Epidemiology of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease ................ 1
Angela Yee-Moon Wang
2 Assessment of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease .................... 15
Aldo J. Peixoto
3 Pathophysiology of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
and Dialysis .............................................................................................. 35
Karen A. G riffi n , Aaron J. Polichnowski , and Anil K. Bidani
4 Syndromes of Renovascular Hypertension ........................................... 63
Sandra M. Herrmann and Stephen C. Textor
5 Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease ............................ 85
Panagiotis I. Georgianos and Pantelis A. Sarafi dis
6 Hypertension in Pregnancy .................................................................... 107
Sharon Maynard
7 Hypertension in the Dialysis Patient ..................................................... 133
Arjun D. Sinha
8 Hypertension in the Kidney Transplant Recipient .............................. 167
Sebastian Varas and John Vella
9 Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies ............................................ 203
Hina K. Trivedi , Dipti Patel , and Matthew R. Weir
10 Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease ................. 219
Jordana B. Cohen and Raymond R. Townsend
11 Genetic Syndromes of Renal Hypertension .......................................... 237
Hakan R. Toka
12 Drug-Induced Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease .................... 261
Alfred A. Vichot and Mark A. Perazella
vii
viii Contents
13 Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension in Children
with Chronic Kidney Disease ................................................................. 299
Susan M. Halbach and Joseph T. Flynn
14 Devices to Treat Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease ................. 321
George Thomas
Index ................................................................................................................. 341
Contributors
Anil K. Bidani , MD Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital and Loyola University Medical
Center , Maywood , IL , USA
Jordana B. Cohen , MD R enal, Electrolyte, Hypertension Division, Department of
Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
Joseph T. Flynn , MD, MS D epartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington,
Seattle Children’s Hospital , Seattle , WA , USA
Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
Panagiotis I. Georgianos , MD, PhD AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
Karen A. Griffi n , MD Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital and Loyola University
Medical Center , Maywood , IL , USA
Susan M. Halbach , MD, MPH Department of Pediatrics , University of
Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital , Seattle , WA , USA
Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
Sandra M. Herrmann , MD Nephrology and Hypertension Division , Mayo Clinic ,
Rochester , MN , USA
Sharon Maynard , MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of South
Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network , Allentown ,
PA , USA
Dipti Patel , MD Department of Nephrology , University of Maryland Medical
Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
Aldo J. Peixoto , MD Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Nephrology) ,
Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
ix
x Contributors
Mark A. Perazella , MD, MS Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology ,
Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital , New Haven , CT ,
USA
Aaron J. Polichnowski , PhD Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital and Loyola University
Medical Center , Maywood , IL , USA
Pantelis A. Sarafi dis , MD, MSc, PhD Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
Arjun D. Sinha , MD, MS D ivision of Nephrology, R ichard L. Roudebush VA
Medical Center, University of Indiana School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
Stephen C. Textor , MD Nephrology and Hypertension Division , Mayo Clinic ,
Rochester , MN , USA
George Thomas , MD, FACP Department of Nephrology and Hypertension ,
Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA
Hakan R. Toka , MD, PhD Graduate Medical Education , Manatee Memorial
Hospital , Bradenton , FL , USA
Raymond R. Townsend , MD Renal, Electrolyte, Hypertension Division,
Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
Hina K. Trivedi , DO Department of Nephrology , University of Maryland Medical
Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
Sebastian Varas , MD Division of Nephrology , Maine Medical Center , Portland ,
ME , USA
John Vella , MD, FRCP, FACP, FASN Maine Transplant Program , Maine Medical
Center , Portland , ME , USA
Alfred A. Vichot , MD Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University , New
Haven , CT , USA
Angela Yee-Moon Wang , MBBS, MD, PhD, FRCP Department of Medicine ,
Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
Matthew R. Weir , MD Department of Nephrology , University of Maryland School
of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA