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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Acknowledgments Contributing Authors Safety Reviewer William H. Ingham, Ph.D. Kate Queeney, Ph.D. Professor of Physics Assistant Professor of Christie Borgford, Ph.D. Jack Gerlovich, Ph.D. James Madison University Chemistry Assistant Professor of Associate Professor Harrisonburg, Virginia Chemistry Department Chemistry School of Education Smith College Department of Chemistry Drake University Mark N. Kobrak, Ph.D. Northampton, The University of Alabama Des Moines, Iowa Assistant Professor of Massachusetts Birmingham, Alabama Chemistry Academic Reviewers Chemistry Department Fred Seaman, Ph.D. Andrew Champagne Brooklyn College of the Retired Research Associate Former Physics Teacher Howard L. Brooks, Ph.D. City University of College of Pharmacy Ashland, Massachusetts Professor of Physics & New York The University of Texas at Astronomy Mapi Cuevas, Ph.D. Brooklyn, New York Austin Department of Physics Professor of Chemistry Austin, Texas & Astronomy Daniela Kohen Department of Natural DePauw University Assistant Professor of H. Michael Sommermann, Sciences Santa Fe Community Greencastle, Indiana Chemistry Ph.D. Chemistry Department College Scott Darveau, Ph.D. Professor of Physics Carleton College Gainesville, Florida Associate Professor of Physics Department North Field, Minnesota Westmont College Chemistry Leila Dumas Chemistry Department David Lamp, Ph.D. Santa Barbara, California Former Physics Teacher Austin, Texas University of Nebraska at Associate Professor Richard S. Treptow, Ph.D. Kearney of Physics Professor of Chemistry William G. Lamb, Ph.D. Kearney, Nebraska Physics Department Department of Chemistry Winningstad Chair in the Cassandra Eagle Texas Tech University and Physics Physical Sciences Lubbock, Texas Chicago State University Professor Oregon Episcopal School Chemistry Department Mark Mattson, Ph.D. Chicago, Illinois Portland, Oregon Appalachian State Assistant Professor Dale Wheeler Sally Ann Vonderbrink, University Physics Department Assistant Professor of Ph.D. Boone, North Carolina James Madison University Chemistry Chemistry Teacher (retired) Simonetta Frittelli, Ph.D. Harrisonburg, Virginia A. R. Smith Department of Cincinnati, Ohio Associate Professor Richard F. Niedziela, Ph.D. Chemistry Department of Physics Assistant Professor Appalachian State Inclusion Specialist Duquesne University of Chemistry University Ellen McPeek Glisan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Boone, North Carolina DePaul University Special Needs Consultant David S. Hall, Ph.D. Chicago, Illinois Acknowledgments San Antonio, Texas Assistant Professor continued on page 816 of Physics Enrique Peacock-López Department of Physics Professor of Chemistry Amherst College Department of Chemistry Amherst, Massachusetts Williams College Wiliamstown, Massachusetts Copyright © 2005 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to the following address: Permissions Department, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 10801 N. MoPac Expressway, Building 3, Austin, Texas 78759. SciLINKS is a registered trademark owned and provided by the National Science Teachers Association. All rights reserved. CNN is a registered trademark and CNN STUDENT NEWS is a trademark of Cable News Network LP, LLLP, an AOL Time Warner Company. Current Science is a registered trademark of Weekly Reader Corporation. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-03-066481-0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 048 08 07 06 05 04 iiii Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Contents in Brief UNIT 1 Introduction to Matter .......................................... 2 Chapter 1 The World of Physical Science ........................................ 4 Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter ................................................ 36 Chapter 3 States of Matter ............................................................... 64 Chapter 4 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures ....................... 88 UNIT 2 Motion and Forces .............................................. 114 Chapter 5 Matter in Motion .......................................................... 116 Chapter 6 Forces and Motion ....................................................... 148 Chapter 7 Forces in Fluids ............................................................. 178 UNIT 3 Work, Machines, and Energy ...................... 206 Chapter 8 Work and Machines ..................................................... 208 Chapter 9 Energy and Energy Resources .................................... 238 Chapter 10 Heat and Heat Technology ......................................... 272 UNIT 4 The Atom ................................................................. 308 Chapter 11 Introduction to Atoms ................................................ 310 Chapter 12 The Periodic Table ........................................................ 334 UNIT 5 Interactions of Matter ..................................... 360 Chapter 13 Chemical Bonding ....................................................... 362 Chapter 14 Chemical Reactions ..................................................... 386 Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds ................................................ 416 Chapter 16 Atomic Energy .............................................................. 446 UNIT 6 Electricity ................................................................ 470 Chapter 17 Introduction to Electricity .......................................... 472 Chapter 18 Electromagnetism ........................................................ 508 Chapter 19 Electronic Technology ................................................. 538 UNIT 7 Waves, Sound, and Light ............................... 570 Chapter 20 The Energy of Waves ................................................... 572 Chapter 21 The Nature of Sound ................................................... 598 Chapter 22 The Nature of Light ..................................................... 630 Chapter 23 Light and Our World ................................................... 666 Contents iii Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Contents Safety First! ................................................................................... xxvi UNIT 1 Introduction to Matter 2 TIMELINE.............................................................. CHAPTER 1 1 The World of Physical Science 4 ........ SECTION 1 Exploring Physical Science ...................................... 6 SECTION 2 Scientifi c Methods ................................................... 12 SECTION 3 Scientifi c Models ...................................................... 20 SECTION 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety .......................... 24 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Measuring Liquid Volume ...................... 28 Chapter Review .................................................................................. 30 Standardized Test Preparation ...................................................... 32 Science in Action ................................................................................ 34 Science Fiction “Inspiration” Weird Science A Palace of Ice Careers Julie Williams-Byrd: Electronics Engineer Skills Practice Exploring the Unseen ................... 696 Model Making Off to the Races ........................... 697 Skills Practice Coin Operated ............................... 698 CHAPTER 2 The Properties of Matter 36 .................. SECTION 1 What Is Matter? ........................................................ 38 SECTION 2 Physical Properties .................................................. 44 SECTION 3 Chemical Properties ................................................ 50 Chapter Lab Skills Practice White Before Your Eyes ......................... 56 Chapter Review .................................................................................. 58 Standardized Test Preparation ..................................................... 60 Science in Action ................................................................................ 62 Scientifi c Debate Paper or Plastic? Science, Technology, and Society Building a Better Body Careers Mimi So: Gemologist and Jewelry Designer Skills Practice Volumania! .................................... 700 Skills Practice Determining Density ..................... 702 Skills Practice Layering Liquids............................. 703 iv Contents Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 3 States of Matter 64 ..................................... SECTION 1 Three States of Matter ............................................ 66 SECTION 2 Behavior of Gases ..................................................... 70 SECTION 3 Changes of State ....................................................... 74 Chapter Lab Skills Practice A Hot and Cool Lab .............................. 80 Chapter Review .................................................................................. 82 Standardized Test Preparation ..................................................... 84 Science in Action ................................................................................ 86 Science, Technology, and Society Deep-sea Diving with Helium Scientifi c Discoveries The Fourth State of Matter People in Science Andy Goldsworthy: Nature Artist Skills Practice Full of Hot Air! ............................... 704 Skills Practice Can Crusher .................................. 705 CHAPTER 4 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures 88 ............................................ SECTION 1 Elements .................................................................... 90 SECTION 2 Compounds .............................................................. 94 SECTION 3 Mixtures ...................................................................... 98 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Flame Tests ......................................... 106 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 108 Standardized Test Preparation .................................................... 110 Science in Action .............................................................................. 112 Science, Technology, and Society Dry Cleaning: How Stains Are Dissolved Science Fiction “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” Careers Aundra Nix: Metallurgist Skills Practice A Sugar Cube Race! ..................... 706 Skills Practice Making Butter ............................... 707 Model Making Unpolluting Water ......................... 708 Contents v Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. UNIT 2 Motion and Forces 114 TIMELINE........................................................ CHAPTER 5 Matter in Motion 116 ................................ SECTION 1 Measuring Motion ................................................. 118 SECTION 2 What Is a Force? .................................................... 124 SECTION 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion .......... 128 SECTION 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction ........................... 134 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Detecting Acceleration ....................... 140 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 142 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 144 Science in Action ............................................................................. 146 Science, Technology, and Society GPS Watch System Weird Science The SegwayTM Human Transporter People in Science Victor Petrenko: Snowboard and Ski Brakes Skills Practice Built for Speed .............................. 710 Skills Practice Relating Mass and Weight ............. 711 Skills Practice Science Friction ............................ 712 CHAPTER 6 Forces and Motion 148 ............................. SECTION 1 Gravity and Motion ............................................. 150 SECTION 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion ................................... 158 SECTION 3 Momentum ............................................................. 166 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Inertia-Rama! ...................................... 170 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 172 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 174 Science in Action ............................................................................. 176 Scientifi c Discoveries The Millennium Bridge Science, Technology, and Society Power Suit for Lifting Patients Careers Steve Okamoto: Roller Coaster Designer Skills Practice A Marshmallow Catapult .............. 714 Model Making Blast Off! ....................................... 715 Skills Practice Quite a Reaction ........................... 716 vi Contents Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER Forces in Fluids 178 .................................... SECTION 1 Fluids and Pressure ............................................... 180 SECTION 2 Buoyant Force ........................................................ 186 SECTION 3 Fluids and Motion ................................................ 192 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Fluids, Force, and Floating .................. 198 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 200 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 202 Science in Action ............................................................................. 204 Science, Technology, and Society Stayin’ Aloft—The Story of the Frisbee® Science Fiction “Wet Behind the Ears” Careers Alisha Bracken: Scuba Instructor Skills Practice Density Diver ................................ 718 UNIT 3 Work, Machines, and Energy 206 TIMELINE...................................................... CHAPTER 8 Work and Machines 208 .......................... SECTION 1 Work and Power .................................................... 210 SECTION 2 What Is a Machine? .............................................. 216 SECTION 3 Types of Machines ................................................ 222 Chapter Lab Skills Practice A Powerful Workout ........................... 230 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 232 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 234 Science in Action ............................................................................. 236 Science, Technology, and Society Kinetic Sculpture Weird Science Nanomachines People in Science Mike Hensler: The Surf Chair Skills Practice Inclined to Move ........................... 719 Skills Practice Wheeling and Dealing .................. 720 Inquiry Building Machines .................................... 722 Contents vii Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 9 Energy and Energy Resources 238 ... SECTION 1 What Is Energy? ..................................................... 240 SECTION 2 Energy Conversions .............................................. 248 SECTION 3 Conservation of Energy ....................................... 254 SECTION 4 Energy Resources ................................................... 258 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Finding Energy .................................... 264 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 266 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 268 Science in Action ............................................................................. 270 Science, Technology, and Society Underwater Jet Engines Scientifi c Discoveries E = mc2 Careers Cheryl Mele: Power-Plant Manager Skills Practice Energy of a Pendulum .................. 723 CHAPTER 1 0 Heat and Heat Technology 272 ........... SECTION 1 Temperature ............................................................ 274 SECTION 2 What Is Heat? ......................................................... 280 SECTION 3 Matter and Heat .................................................... 288 SECTION 4 Heat Technology ................................................... 292 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Feel the Heat ...................................... 300 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 302 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 304 Science in Action ............................................................................. 306 Scientifi c Discoveries The Deep Freeze Science, Technology, and Society DiAPLEX®: The Intelligent Fabric Careers Michael Reynolds: Earthship Architect Inquiry Save the Cube! ......................................... 724 Model Making Counting Calories ......................... 725 viii Contents Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. UNIT 4 The Atom 308 TIMELINE...................................................... CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction to Atoms 310 .................... SECTION 1 Development of the Atomic Theory ................ 312 SECTION 2 The Atom ................................................................. 318 Chapter Lab Model Making Made to Order .................................... 326 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 328 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 330 Science in Action ............................................................................. 332 Scientifi c Discoveries Modern Alchemy Weird Science Water on the Moon? Careers Melissa Franklin: Experimental Physicist CHAPTER 1 2 The Periodic Table 334 ............................. SECTION 1 Arranging the Elements ...................................... 336 SECTION 2 Grouping the Elements ....................................... 344 Chapter Lab Model Making Create a Periodic Table ....................... 352 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 354 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 356 Science in Action ............................................................................. 358 Weird Science Buckyballs Science, Technology, and Society The Science of Fireworks People in Science Glenn T. Seaborg: Making Elements Contents ix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. UNIT 5 Interactions of Matter 360 TIMELINE...................................................... CHAPTER 1 3 Chemical Bonding 362 ............................... SECTION 1 Electrons and Chemical Bonding ..................... 364 SECTION 2 Ionic Bonds ............................................................. 368 SECTION 3 Covalent and Metallic Bonds ............................ 372 Chapter Lab Model Making Covalent Marshmallows ...................... 378 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 380 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 382 Science in Action ............................................................................. 384 Science, Technology, and Society Superglue Bandages and Stitches Weird Science How Geckos Stick to Walls Careers Roberta Jordan: Analytical Chemist CHAPTER 1 4 Chemical Reactions 386 ............................ SECTION 1 Forming New Substances .................................... 388 SECTION 2 Chemical Formulas and Equations .................. 392 SECTION 3 Types of Chemical Reactions ............................. 398 SECTION 4 Energy and Rates of Chemical Reactions ....... 402 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Speed Control ..................................... 408 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 410 Standardized Test Preparation .................................................... 412 Science in Action ............................................................................. 414 Science, Technology, and Society Bringing Down the House! Weird Science Light Sticks Careers Larry McKee: Arson Investigator Model Making Finding a Balance ......................... 726 Skills Practice Cata-what? Catalyst! ..................... 727 Skills Practice Putting Elements Together ........... 728 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Acknowledgments Contributing Authors Safety Reviewer William H. Ingham, Ph.D. Kate Queeney, Ph.D. Professor of Physics Assistant Professor of Christie Borgford, Ph.D. Jack Gerlovich, Ph.D. James Madison University Chemistry Assistant Professor of Associate Professor Harrisonburg, Virginia Chemistry Department Chemistry School of Education Smith College Department of Chemistry Drake University Mark N. Kobrak, Ph.D. Northampton, The University of Alabama Des Moines, Iowa Assistant Professor of Massachusetts Birmingham, Alabama Chemistry Academic Reviewers Chemistry Department Fred Seaman, Ph.D. Andrew Champagne Brooklyn College of the Retired Research Associate Former Physics Teacher Howard L. Brooks, Ph.D. City University of College of Pharmacy Ashland, Massachusetts Professor of Physics & New York The University of Texas at Astronomy Mapi Cuevas, Ph.D. Brooklyn, New York Austin Department of Physics Professor of Chemistry Austin, Texas & Astronomy Daniela Kohen Department of Natural DePauw University Assistant Professor of H. Michael Sommermann, Sciences Santa Fe Community Greencastle, Indiana Chemistry Ph.D. Chemistry Department College Scott Darveau, Ph.D. Professor of Physics Carleton College Gainesville, Florida Associate Professor of Physics Department North Field, Minnesota Westmont College Chemistry Leila Dumas Chemistry Department David Lamp, Ph.D. Santa Barbara, California Former Physics Teacher Austin, Texas University of Nebraska at Associate Professor Richard S. Treptow, Ph.D. Kearney of Physics Professor of Chemistry William G. Lamb, Ph.D. Kearney, Nebraska Physics Department Department of Chemistry Winningstad Chair in the Cassandra Eagle Texas Tech University and Physics Physical Sciences Lubbock, Texas Chicago State University Professor Oregon Episcopal School Chemistry Department Mark Mattson, Ph.D. Chicago, Illinois Portland, Oregon Appalachian State Assistant Professor Dale Wheeler Sally Ann Vonderbrink, University Physics Department Assistant Professor of Ph.D. Boone, North Carolina James Madison University Chemistry Chemistry Teacher (retired) Simonetta Frittelli, Ph.D. Harrisonburg, Virginia A. R. Smith Department of Cincinnati, Ohio Associate Professor Richard F. Niedziela, Ph.D. Chemistry Department of Physics Assistant Professor Appalachian State Inclusion Specialist Duquesne University of Chemistry University Ellen McPeek Glisan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry Boone, North Carolina DePaul University Special Needs Consultant David S. Hall, Ph.D. Chicago, Illinois Acknowledgments San Antonio, Texas Assistant Professor continued on page 816 of Physics Enrique Peacock-López Department of Physics Professor of Chemistry Amherst College Department of Chemistry Amherst, Massachusetts Williams College Wiliamstown, Massachusetts Copyright © 2005 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to the following address: Permissions Department, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 10801 N. MoPac Expressway, Building 3, Austin, Texas 78759. SciLINKS is a registered trademark owned and provided by the National Science Teachers Association. All rights reserved. CNN is a registered trademark and CNN STUDENT NEWS is a trademark of Cable News Network LP, LLLP, an AOL Time Warner Company. Current Science is a registered trademark of Weekly Reader Corporation. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-03-066481-0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 048 08 07 06 05 04 iiii Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Contents in Brief UNIT 1 Introduction to Matter .......................................... 2 Chapter 1 The World of Physical Science ........................................ 4 Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter ................................................ 36 Chapter 3 States of Matter ............................................................... 64 Chapter 4 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures ....................... 88 UNIT 2 Motion and Forces .............................................. 114 Chapter 5 Matter in Motion .......................................................... 116 Chapter 6 Forces and Motion ....................................................... 148 Chapter 7 Forces in Fluids ............................................................. 178 UNIT 3 Work, Machines, and Energy ...................... 206 Chapter 8 Work and Machines ..................................................... 208 Chapter 9 Energy and Energy Resources .................................... 238 Chapter 10 Heat and Heat Technology ......................................... 272 UNIT 4 The Atom ................................................................. 308 Chapter 11 Introduction to Atoms ................................................ 310 Chapter 12 The Periodic Table ........................................................ 334 UNIT 5 Interactions of Matter ..................................... 360 Chapter 13 Chemical Bonding ....................................................... 362 Chapter 14 Chemical Reactions ..................................................... 386 Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds ................................................ 416 Chapter 16 Atomic Energy .............................................................. 446 UNIT 6 Electricity ................................................................ 470 Chapter 17 Introduction to Electricity .......................................... 472 Chapter 18 Electromagnetism ........................................................ 508 Chapter 19 Electronic Technology ................................................. 538 UNIT 7 Waves, Sound, and Light ............................... 570 Chapter 20 The Energy of Waves ................................................... 572 Chapter 21 The Nature of Sound ................................................... 598 Chapter 22 The Nature of Light ..................................................... 630 Chapter 23 Light and Our World ................................................... 666 Contents iii Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Contents Safety First! ................................................................................... xxvi UNIT 1 Introduction to Matter 2 TIMELINE.............................................................. CHAPTER 1 1 The World of Physical Science 4 ........ SECTION 1 Exploring Physical Science ...................................... 6 SECTION 2 Scientifi c Methods ................................................... 12 SECTION 3 Scientifi c Models ...................................................... 20 SECTION 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety .......................... 24 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Measuring Liquid Volume ...................... 28 Chapter Review .................................................................................. 30 Standardized Test Preparation ...................................................... 32 Science in Action ................................................................................ 34 Science Fiction “Inspiration” Weird Science A Palace of Ice Careers Julie Williams-Byrd: Electronics Engineer Skills Practice Exploring the Unseen ................... 696 Model Making Off to the Races ........................... 697 Skills Practice Coin Operated ............................... 698 CHAPTER 2 The Properties of Matter 36 .................. SECTION 1 What Is Matter? ........................................................ 38 SECTION 2 Physical Properties .................................................. 44 SECTION 3 Chemical Properties ................................................ 50 Chapter Lab Skills Practice White Before Your Eyes ......................... 56 Chapter Review .................................................................................. 58 Standardized Test Preparation ..................................................... 60 Science in Action ................................................................................ 62 Scientifi c Debate Paper or Plastic? Science, Technology, and Society Building a Better Body Careers Mimi So: Gemologist and Jewelry Designer Skills Practice Volumania! .................................... 700 Skills Practice Determining Density ..................... 702 Skills Practice Layering Liquids............................. 703 iv Contents Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 3 States of Matter 64 ..................................... SECTION 1 Three States of Matter ............................................ 66 SECTION 2 Behavior of Gases ..................................................... 70 SECTION 3 Changes of State ....................................................... 74 Chapter Lab Skills Practice A Hot and Cool Lab .............................. 80 Chapter Review .................................................................................. 82 Standardized Test Preparation ..................................................... 84 Science in Action ................................................................................ 86 Science, Technology, and Society Deep-sea Diving with Helium Scientifi c Discoveries The Fourth State of Matter People in Science Andy Goldsworthy: Nature Artist Skills Practice Full of Hot Air! ............................... 704 Skills Practice Can Crusher .................................. 705 CHAPTER 4 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures 88 ............................................ SECTION 1 Elements .................................................................... 90 SECTION 2 Compounds .............................................................. 94 SECTION 3 Mixtures ...................................................................... 98 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Flame Tests ......................................... 106 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 108 Standardized Test Preparation .................................................... 110 Science in Action .............................................................................. 112 Science, Technology, and Society Dry Cleaning: How Stains Are Dissolved Science Fiction “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” Careers Aundra Nix: Metallurgist Skills Practice A Sugar Cube Race! ..................... 706 Skills Practice Making Butter ............................... 707 Model Making Unpolluting Water ......................... 708 Contents v Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. UNIT 2 Motion and Forces 114 TIMELINE........................................................ CHAPTER 5 Matter in Motion 116 ................................ SECTION 1 Measuring Motion ................................................. 118 SECTION 2 What Is a Force? .................................................... 124 SECTION 3 Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion .......... 128 SECTION 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction ........................... 134 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Detecting Acceleration ....................... 140 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 142 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 144 Science in Action ............................................................................. 146 Science, Technology, and Society GPS Watch System Weird Science The SegwayTM Human Transporter People in Science Victor Petrenko: Snowboard and Ski Brakes Skills Practice Built for Speed .............................. 710 Skills Practice Relating Mass and Weight ............. 711 Skills Practice Science Friction ............................ 712 CHAPTER 6 Forces and Motion 148 ............................. SECTION 1 Gravity and Motion ............................................. 150 SECTION 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion ................................... 158 SECTION 3 Momentum ............................................................. 166 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Inertia-Rama! ...................................... 170 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 172 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 174 Science in Action ............................................................................. 176 Scientifi c Discoveries The Millennium Bridge Science, Technology, and Society Power Suit for Lifting Patients Careers Steve Okamoto: Roller Coaster Designer Skills Practice A Marshmallow Catapult .............. 714 Model Making Blast Off! ....................................... 715 Skills Practice Quite a Reaction ........................... 716 vi Contents Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER Forces in Fluids 178 .................................... SECTION 1 Fluids and Pressure ............................................... 180 SECTION 2 Buoyant Force ........................................................ 186 SECTION 3 Fluids and Motion ................................................ 192 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Fluids, Force, and Floating .................. 198 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 200 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 202 Science in Action ............................................................................. 204 Science, Technology, and Society Stayin’ Aloft—The Story of the Frisbee® Science Fiction “Wet Behind the Ears” Careers Alisha Bracken: Scuba Instructor Skills Practice Density Diver ................................ 718 UNIT 3 Work, Machines, and Energy 206 TIMELINE...................................................... CHAPTER 8 Work and Machines 208 .......................... SECTION 1 Work and Power .................................................... 210 SECTION 2 What Is a Machine? .............................................. 216 SECTION 3 Types of Machines ................................................ 222 Chapter Lab Skills Practice A Powerful Workout ........................... 230 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 232 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 234 Science in Action ............................................................................. 236 Science, Technology, and Society Kinetic Sculpture Weird Science Nanomachines People in Science Mike Hensler: The Surf Chair Skills Practice Inclined to Move ........................... 719 Skills Practice Wheeling and Dealing .................. 720 Inquiry Building Machines .................................... 722 Contents vii Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 9 Energy and Energy Resources 238 ... SECTION 1 What Is Energy? ..................................................... 240 SECTION 2 Energy Conversions .............................................. 248 SECTION 3 Conservation of Energy ....................................... 254 SECTION 4 Energy Resources ................................................... 258 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Finding Energy .................................... 264 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 266 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 268 Science in Action ............................................................................. 270 Science, Technology, and Society Underwater Jet Engines Scientifi c Discoveries E = mc2 Careers Cheryl Mele: Power-Plant Manager Skills Practice Energy of a Pendulum .................. 723 CHAPTER 1 0 Heat and Heat Technology 272 ........... SECTION 1 Temperature ............................................................ 274 SECTION 2 What Is Heat? ......................................................... 280 SECTION 3 Matter and Heat .................................................... 288 SECTION 4 Heat Technology ................................................... 292 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Feel the Heat ...................................... 300 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 302 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 304 Science in Action ............................................................................. 306 Scientifi c Discoveries The Deep Freeze Science, Technology, and Society DiAPLEX®: The Intelligent Fabric Careers Michael Reynolds: Earthship Architect Inquiry Save the Cube! ......................................... 724 Model Making Counting Calories ......................... 725 viii Contents Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. UNIT 4 The Atom 308 TIMELINE...................................................... CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction to Atoms 310 .................... SECTION 1 Development of the Atomic Theory ................ 312 SECTION 2 The Atom ................................................................. 318 Chapter Lab Model Making Made to Order .................................... 326 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 328 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 330 Science in Action ............................................................................. 332 Scientifi c Discoveries Modern Alchemy Weird Science Water on the Moon? Careers Melissa Franklin: Experimental Physicist CHAPTER 1 2 The Periodic Table 334 ............................. SECTION 1 Arranging the Elements ...................................... 336 SECTION 2 Grouping the Elements ....................................... 344 Chapter Lab Model Making Create a Periodic Table ....................... 352 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 354 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 356 Science in Action ............................................................................. 358 Weird Science Buckyballs Science, Technology, and Society The Science of Fireworks People in Science Glenn T. Seaborg: Making Elements Contents ix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. UNIT 5 Interactions of Matter 360 TIMELINE...................................................... CHAPTER 1 3 Chemical Bonding 362 ............................... SECTION 1 Electrons and Chemical Bonding ..................... 364 SECTION 2 Ionic Bonds ............................................................. 368 SECTION 3 Covalent and Metallic Bonds ............................ 372 Chapter Lab Model Making Covalent Marshmallows ...................... 378 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 380 Standardized Test Preparation ................................................... 382 Science in Action ............................................................................. 384 Science, Technology, and Society Superglue Bandages and Stitches Weird Science How Geckos Stick to Walls Careers Roberta Jordan: Analytical Chemist CHAPTER 1 4 Chemical Reactions 386 ............................ SECTION 1 Forming New Substances .................................... 388 SECTION 2 Chemical Formulas and Equations .................. 392 SECTION 3 Types of Chemical Reactions ............................. 398 SECTION 4 Energy and Rates of Chemical Reactions ....... 402 Chapter Lab Skills Practice Speed Control ..................................... 408 Chapter Review ............................................................................... 410 Standardized Test Preparation .................................................... 412 Science in Action ............................................................................. 414 Science, Technology, and Society Bringing Down the House! Weird Science Light Sticks Careers Larry McKee: Arson Investigator Model Making Finding a Balance ......................... 726 Skills Practice Cata-what? Catalyst! ..................... 727 Skills Practice Putting Elements Together ........... 728 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Description:
SciLINKS is a registered trademark owned and provided by the National Science Teachers Association. All rights reserved. CNN is a .. People in Science Victor Petrenko: Snowboard and Ski Brakes. Skills Practice Built for Speed Science Fiction “Wet Behind the Ears”. Careers Alisha Bracken:
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