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|tt i i Pre : aml =< hedcLe R P a e it s e 6c ayS e ee SSeee n Caa op BO a5-: eO ‘ = o m SeSa SE S aO h eee O n,m enn na t =. = 4 apt ‘eeen e! a eq" re - —-a —e_i— r n feanr ~~S mpsetf e a_e s— s tootf R PFTN - « ae eS Se ” _ ———== See e< v = taas n=a gg e ee - Sieg - oe —- - neoedee = eo.— _— ~— _ - ee~ Bg~ee “ Es aMs eew eret - - alee « ee e,p er~ a~- - ——~ I a -_ peae> ~ t=a“ .~ e=e iep ayelp linvg ra d eoenrs -r gonA eT E Malee seww e - ined i “ * — - 2% -~ ~ = a oe os “a= = we Ska . -» ea-_ e- a =i- 2- og eeT<<e a ”a —- teaa eI rwo dts oSde i noegeeos™ r ee sy - _ * = = or ee ” el ee eaean _——— Po fe —_ —— az- Pea: —— -“ o-—i eeeee iget ea a—n : 6 ee ao e rar ~?Sc~ mc ,aa —-> _« ———— ie -reef - ve no eeeeeShe eeam ee ene . 5 a e on iem l 7 ~ - oe ne a - —~ ~a aaeea !ee n laln a a - -- 3 =<h~> ~e eg Z. ——- eele 2 Pn aeee -_ - ~ : —~ ~e aeg y,. ”—_ — —i ee, Oa £ - - = i ee nOgy_ — F _ = “a. = ee - a = _. aeth. o_— } am RiCP “er as = ~~ ae —— _ - = aa_ a - e” tOO e mag l— — Sok PiFea-ee. rcne ,k — Eagta ey - a - - Seer = Oe ~ — a ae- ett e “ - -_ —. * = : eele=tl , ——e e es “y ee ~ a—e—Sgsg ee ig iP or,a ag - eo © - a eae : — _— oo - ¥ ——a— - a~ —~P aE e~ ~ a ee - - r - <>~ Oe Phe o.O PS -_ - ‘ = = aoe - ” saee s = e——e a oo ——h ad eonN ae _ = > - eee ~ by - Sin - — na . a - oe = a— s — =" a a — i— rhs~eSarat FO Z -_ ‘*, ~‘ .ee == i e o aa Rin Bays en Oe, roth a e e e . a M4 T A ~ 5 o Te ON =a: oe .* Se - 7 “9 a . » - - a e a onl, a » " id s —. anl aSa>e h¥ s, % tes J ‘ “.. - x - S. ¥- « ~~ ; “ ae , OSan, ~ aaa 2 Je - ” es “a “ - ae! + q » < | a oa oSe n e Dh ~ s =e } “ Sh- ia ~~ epi on - - * - — _. re dsen% a > eB s mPeon serep<2? e- e a eh a ac aacr- ra te>. - f ~ = - 4th— ed ie ogee a d re P e a r n t a o e O S e s “_- 2’ ’ = SY PdrSa“ime +" e s a r Conversations in Exile Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2021 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/conversationsineO2unse Conversations Russian Writers Abroad Interviews translated by Richard and Joanna Robin Edited by John Glad DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS _ Durahnda Lomndo n 1993 © 1993 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper © Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Photo credits: Photo of Joseph Brodsky by Bengt Jangfeldt, © 1987 (p. 101); photo of Igor Chinnov by Ray Studio, Nashville, Tennessee (p. 31); photo of Yury Ivask by Laszlo Dienes (p. 39); photo of Vladimir Maksimov by Boris Feldblyum, © 1985 (p. 239); photos of Maria Rozanova and Andrei Siniavsky courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (p. 141); photo of Sasha Sokolov by Tanya Retinova (p. 174). Contents Acknowledgments Vil Introduction 1 The Older Generation Igor Chinnov 31 Yury Ivask 39 Roman Goul 50 2 Makers of Fantasy and Humor Vasily Aksyonov 69 Vladimir Voinovich 85 3 The Aesthetes Joseph Brodsky 101 Boris Khazanov 114 Andrei Siniavsky and Maria Rozanova 141 Sasha Sokolov 174 4 The Moralists Fridrikh Gorenstein 189 Aleksandr Zinoviev 204 Natalya Gorbanevskaya 222) 5 The Realists Vladimir Maksimov 239 Edward Limonov 258 A Chronology 271 Glossary of Names 295