Contraception January - June 2004: Vol 69 Index

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Contraception
ELSEVIER
Contraception 69 (2004) 517-519
Author Index
Volume 69
January—June, 2004
Abramov, Y..1 Canto de Cetina, T.E., 115 Foster, A., 777
Abuabara, K., 339 Canto, J. A Cc. 115 Freund, K.M., 43
Agnello, C., Cao, L., 505 Fulcheri, E., 343
Agnihotri, P.K Cao, X.2 Fung, I., 493
Aktulay, A., Caruso, S..,
Albright, J., Cekan, S. _
Gadalla, M.A., 317
Aldrighi, Ps
Celen, es Gainer, E., 83
Ali, M.M.,
Che, Y Galal, M., 121
Allen, A., Chélli,
Gallagher, J., 133
Alvarez, F., 1: Cheng, D.. 437
Gamzu, R., 84
Aranha, C., 333 Chuang, C.H..,
Gao, Y.-T., 251
Archer, D.F., 189 Cianci, A.,
Garcia, S.G., 295, 339
Arévalo, M., 201 Clark, A., 2
Gaspard, U., 271
Aronsson, A., 165 Cleland, J.G., 15
Arsenijevi¢, S., 327 Colm, J., 367 Gaudet, L.M., 31
Ash, A.S., 43 Coyaji, K., 157 Geirsson, R.T., 461, 481
Ashok, P.W., 51 Creasy, G.W., 189 Gemzell-Danielssen, K., 165, 3
Gerlinger, C., 179, 271
Creinin, M.D., 145
Gilliam, M., 413
Bahamondes, L., 137, 395 Croxatto, H., 137 Glasier, A., 301, 361
Bairagy, N.R., 47 Cullins, V., 189
Golden, M.R., 241
Barlow, W.E., 99 Curtis, K.M., 21 Grimes, D.A., 343
Bassol, S., 115 Gross, S., 367
Batar, I., 501 Daling, J.R., 353 Grossman, D., 77
Becker, D., 295, 339 Danisman, N., 279 ao D., 327
Becker, S., 419 Darwish, A., 121
Gu, Z.-P., 505
Beenhakker, B., 419 Deapen, D., 353
Gudmundsdottir, B.R., 461
Beksinska, M., 3 Dekel, A., 289 Gueddana, N., 6
Bender, S.S., 481 Deneux-Tharaux, C., 401 Gupta, S., 333
Bereczki, Z., 27 Desager, J.P., 271
Berenson, A.B., 219, 227 di Capua, E., 343
Berlin, J.A., 353 Di Mari, L., 237 Hackmon, R., 289
Hagerty, C.G., 447
Bernstein, L.,: = Dieben, Th.O.M., 129, 197, 389, 461
Hahn, P.M., 31
Bhaduri, A.P., 37 Diisterberg, B., 179
Hajri, S., 63
Bigrigg, A., 133 Dwivedi, A., 379
Handsfield, H.H., 241
Bjarnadottir, R.I., 461
Harrison-Woolrych, M., 83
Blanchard, K., 301, 339 Elasy, T.A., _
Hassan, S., 121
Bleau, G., 425 Ellertson, C.,7 7, 157, 295, ;
Haukkamaa, M., 407
Bley, K., 367 Endrikat, J., 179, 271 Hedley, A., 157
Blum, J., 63 Eurenius, K., 309
Heithecker, R., 271
Blumenthal, P., 347, 419
Booranabunyat, S., 489 Helmers, J.R., 241
Fahim, H.I., 317 Helstrém, L., 165
Botha, “ a
Fairhurst, os3 6! Henchcliffe, B., 301
Brache, V., 1:
Farina, M., 237 Henderson, A., 493
Buicu, = 27
Fehring, RJ..9 Hesketh, C., 133
Burkuue. R.T
Felsenberg, D., 179 Hires, S., 419
Bygdeman, M., 37:
Ferguson, H., 469 Hogben, M., 241
Fisher, A.C., 189 Holland, H., 213 >
Cabral, R Flett, G.M.M., 51 Holmes, K.K.,2
Caetano, M.E., 395 Folger, S.G., 353 Hommel, H.H., a
see front matter « 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
518 Author Index / Contraception 69 (2004) 51
Hubacher, D., 437 Marchbanks, P.A., 353 Rosenthal, A.D., 251
Huggins, G., 419 Marions, L., 373 Roy, R., 379
Hunt, J., 301 Martinez, T.R.L., 395
Hussain, S.F., 89 Marz, W., 105
Hwang, A.C., 1, 87, 177, 261, 345, Massai, R., 137 Sanchez-Ramos, L., 267
322 Mauck, C., 263 Schaff, E., 171
McCaig, C., 301 Schaffer, K., 59
Ichikawa, L.E., 99 McCarthy, Jr., M., 413 Scharnagl, H., 105
Intelisano, G., 237 McFadyen, L., 3 Schechter, J.,
Issa, A.H., 317 Mehrotra, P.K., 379 Schiavon, R., 3:
Méry, C., 83 Schmidt, W.,
Mih, E., 179 Schneider, M., 9
Jakobsson, T., 407
Miller, K., 347 Schochet, T., 133
Janssen, P.A., 493
MiloSevic-Djordjevic, O., 327 Scholes, D., 99
Jennings, V., 201
Molano Di Targiana, N., 419 Schwartz, J., 263
Sin; F., 251
Moo- Young, A., 137 Seaman, P., 361
Jin, J.-D., 505
Moroy, P., 279 Segars, A., 219
Mulders, J.A.P.A., 469 Sergerie, M., 425
Kade, K., 59 Mulders, T.M.T., 129 Shafig, N., 71
Kahn, E., 401
Mullick, B.C., 47 Sheffer-Mimouni, G., 84
Kaplan, B., 289
Musselman, B.L., 267 Sheiner, E., 289
Kaunitz, A.M., 267
Shields, W.C., 1, 87, 177, 261, 345,
Kayahan, A., 323
Nadjari, M., 151 433
Khella, A.K., 317
Nauck, M., 105 Shochet, T., 301
King, H., 30]
Nazerali, H., 401 Shu, X.-O., 251
Kiss, E., 27
Ngoc, N.T.N., 157 Simon, M.S., 353
Kitchlu, S., 379
Nitke, S., 289 Sinai, I., 201
KKilviemss,c heSf.f, sk3i1j , R., 389 Norman, S.A., 35 >> Sipka, S., 27
Norris Turner, A., 157 Sivin, I., 137, 25
Knight, S., 413
Skorupski, P., 47
Kohaut, B.A., 267
Onundarson, P.T., 461 Smit, J., 3
Kuhl, H., 37
Orbach, D., 171 Sokal, D.C., 317, 401
Kulik-Rechberger, B., 477
Ott, S.M., 99 Song, L., 207
Kumar, D., 59
Sonnenberg, F.A., 447
Kumar, N., 137 Pandhi, P., 71 Speroff, L., 447
Payne, P., 213 Speroff, T., 447
Labeeb, S., 121 Petersen, G., 105 Spirtas, R., 353
LaCroix, A.Z., 99 Petersen, R., 213 Spruyt, A., 367
Laforest, G., 425 Petta, C.A., 395 Srivastava, S., 379
Lagro-Janssen, T.L.M., 283 Piepzowska-Biatek, A., 477 Steiner, M.J., 79
Lai, J.-J., 263 Poka, R., 27 Stewart, F. H., 1, 77, 87, 1
Lakha, F., 361 Polis, C., 59 345. 433
Lakos, G., 27 Pun, T.C., 247 Stirling, A., 301
Land, K., 179 Pymar, H.C., 145 Strom, B.L., 353
Larsson, M., 309 Sucak, A., 279
Lee, S.S.N., 247 Qiu, Y., 497 Suhonen, S., 407
Leng, Y., 505 Suthipongse, W., 23
PoC 207 Rabinerson, D., 289
Li, C.-f.1., 247 Ranta, S., 137
bio. 251 Rashad, H., 121 laneepanichskul, S., 23, 489
Lin, N., 207 Rauramo, I., 407 Taylor, D., 79
Loftus-Granberg, B., 133 Raviele, K., 9 Teichmann, A.T., 105
Lonéar, D., 327 Raymond, E., 79, 367 Tejeda, A.S., 137
Luna, M.O., 115 Rechberger, T., 477 lempleton, A., 51
Reddy, K.V.R., 333 Tomaszewski, J., 477
Magnusdottir, E.M., 461] Reid, R.L., 31 Travers, E., 137
Magnusdottir, S.D., 461 Revel, A., 151 Trussell, J., 79, 157
Malhotra, S., 71 Reyes, V., 137 Tugrul, S., 323
Malinski, C., 241 Robbins, L.A., 367 Tuppurainen, M., 389
Malone, K.E., 353 Rodrigues De Lima, G., 395 Tydén, T., 309
Mansour, F.B., 63 Romo, L.F., 219, 227 Tyrer, A., 133
Ulmann, A., 8: Weaver, K., : Xu, H.-X., 25
Ursin, G., 353 Webb, A., 133, 3¢ Xu, Y.-Q., 50
Weber, A.L., 35:
Vad, S., 27 Weiner, D.H., Yagel, S., 1!
Vallejo, M.C., 145 Weiss, L.K., 35: Yang, D.-T., 49
van den Heuvel, M.W., 129 Weitz, T.A., Yang, G., 251
Veldhuis, H.M., 283 Westerling, R., 309 Yavuzer, B., 3
Venhola, M., 389 Whittington, W.L.H., 241 Yildirim, G., :
Verhoeven, C.H.J., 129, 197 Wiebe, E.R., 493
Vos, A.A.G., 283 Wiegratz, I., 37 Zhang, W., 207
Wieland, H., 105 Zhang, Z., 207
Wagaarachchi, P.T., 51 Wildemeersch, D., 207, 501, 513 Zhao, X., 207
Waldman, L.J., 43 Winikoff, B., 63, 157 Zhao, X.-F., 5 )5
Walker, J., 361 Winkler, U.H., 469 Zheng, W., 251
Wang, L., 207 Wu, E.,. 137 Ziebland, S., 361
Wang, S.-M., 497 Wu, Z.H., 227 Zimmermann, T., 37
Wang, Y.-L., 505 Wyke, S., 361 Zivanovié, A., 327

Contraception
art
ELSEVIER
Contraception 69 (2004) 521-524
Subject Index
Volume 69
January—June 2004
Abortion procedures, attitudes of nurses, 5 application of motivational interviewing, 213
Abortion rates, effect of advanced provision of EC, 361 effect on post-abortion contraceptive use, 481
Acceptability, levonorgestrel-releasing IUS following role of male partner, 419
surgical abortion, 247 Contraceptive efficacy,
Acne, Emetine ditartrate (rodents), 379
effect of ethinylestradiol + desogestrel, 469 impact of compliance with transdermal system, 189
effect of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel, 469 nisin (rat, rabbit, monkey, human), 333
Adolescent sexuality, ARHP editorial, 245 Contraceptive methods, costs and net health effects, 447
Advanced provision of EC, Contraceptive practices, sociocultural and religious
among women with STD, 241 influences, 219
effect on abortion rates, 361 Cost-benefit analysis, contraceptive methods, 447
Antimycotic co-medication, interaction with Costs and net health effects, contraceptive methods, 447
ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel, 129 Counseling,
Association of Reproductive Health Professions (ARHP) effect on contraceptive use, 481
editorial, effect on OC knowledge, 31
adolescent sexuality, 345 Cycle control,
family planning care: more than contraception, 261 effect of ethinylestradiol + desogestrel, 469
Federal abortion ban, 433 effect of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel, 469
making research matter, 87 Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, effect on implantation and
presenting health risks honestly, gestation (rat), 71
reproductive health care, |
Attitudes, long-cycle OC regimen, 3
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
effect on bone mineral density, 99
Barrier and rhythm contraceptive methods, perceptions levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate, 3
and experiences, 493 Diabetes risk, effect of OC use, 251
Bleeding patterns, effect of hormonal EC, 133 Diaphragms,
Blood flow, following tubal ligation by Pomeroy clinical trials, 263
technique, 151 sizing methods, 263
Bone mineral density, Discontinuations, Norplant use, 323
effect of DMPA, 99 DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate)
effect of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel, 179
Breast cancer risk, effect of progestin-only contraceptives,
EC (emergency contraception)
I2IES2 EC pills,
knowledge and misconceptions, 227
Cervical cancer and OCs, 347 repeat use, 339
Cervical cytology, effect of progestagen-only EC pills access, telephone prescription service, 367
contraceptives, 121 EC pills over-the-counter, women’s knowledge, attitudes
Cervical mucus self-monitoring, determination of fertile and practices, 309
phase, 9 Ectopic pregnancies, levonorgestrel EC, 83
Cervical priming, sublingual vs. oral misoprostol, 165 Efficacy and acceptability, GyneFix 200 IUS, 207
Clearplan Easy Fertility Monitor'™, determination of Emergency contraception (EC),
fertile phase, 9 advanced provision among women with STD, 241
Clinical performance, effect of advanced provision, 361
ethinylestradiol + desogestrel, 407 ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel, 133, 301
levonorgestrel-releasing [US, 407 ethinylestradiol + norethindrone, 133, 301
Clinical trial, levonorgestrel, 79, 373
diaphragms, 263 mifepristone, 373
Nestorone-releasing rod implant, 137 prescribing practices, 43
Contraceptive counseling, Emetine ditartrate, contraceptive efficacy (rodents),
0010-7824/04/$ — see front matter © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Subject Index / Contraception 69 (2004) 521-524
Erythromycin, use for nonsurgical female sterilization, 47 Gestation, effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (rat), 7]
Ethinylestradiol desogestrel, GyneFix~ 200, frameless, copper intrauterine system, 207
clinical performance, 407 GyneFix 200 IUS, efficacy and acceptability, 207
effect on cycle control, quality of life, acne, 469 GyneFix” IUS, removal force measurement, 501, 513
effect on lipid profile, 271
effect on serum resistin levels, 477 Hazard analysis, medical abortion trials, 157
Ethinylestradiol dienogest, use in long-cycle regimen, Health effects and costs, contraceptive methods, 447
J2/7 Hemostatic variables,
Ethinylestradiol drospirenone, effect of ethinylestradiol etonogestrel, 461
clinical study, 23 effect of ethinylestradiol levonorgestrel, 461
effect on lipid profile, 271 High blood pressure and progestogen-only pills, review,
Ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel, effect on lipid 39
metabolism, 389 History of IUDs, pre-1960 to new century, 437
Ethinylestradiol gestodene,
effect on serum resistin levels, 477 Implanon use, women older than 35 years, 489
effect on sexual behavior, 237 Implant contraceptive,
mutagenic effect, 327 etonogestrel, 489
Ethinylestradiol levonorgestrel, levonorgestrel, 32:
clinical study, 23 Nestorone-releasing, 137
effect on bone mineral density, 279 Implantation, effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (rat), 71
effect on cycle control, quality of life, acne, 469 Injectable contraceptive,
effect on hemostatic variables, 461 depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, 3, 99
effect on lipid metabolism, 389 medroxyprogesterone acetate estradiol cypionate,
effect on lipoprotein metabolism, 205 115
Ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel EC, norethisterone enanthate, 115
effect on bleeding patterns, 133 Intrauterine device (IUD),
side effects, 301 clinical outcomes of postplacental insertion, 279
Ethinylestradiol norethindrone, effect on risk of effects on pregnancy evolution and fetus, 343
diabetes, 251 TCu 380A, 279
Ethinylestradiol + norethindrone EC, Intrauterine devices, history in the U.S., 437
effect on bleeding patterns, 133 Intrauterine system (IUS),
side effects, 301 GyneFix, 501, 513
Ethinylestradiol + norgestrel, effect on lipid profile, 395 GyneFix 200, 207
Experiences of married and unmarried women, medical levonorgestrel-releasing, 247, 289, 407
abortion, 63 Ipas'™ manual vacuum aspiration syringe, compatible
Extended OC cycles, attitudes, 37 cannulae, 17]
IUD (intrauterine device)
Factor V Leiden carriers, effect of OC use, 27 IUD performance, nulliparous women, 249
Failure rates and consequences, use of periodic IUD use, role of general practitioners, 283
abstinence, 15 [UDs and reproductive health, 437
Family planning, lactational amenorrhea method, 317 IUS (intrauterine system)
Family planning care: more than contraception, ARHP
editorial, 261] Knowledge, attitudes and practices, EC pills over-the-
Federal abortion ban, ARHP editorial, 433 counter, 309
Family planning referral among women with STD, 241 Knowledge and effect of counseling, oral contraceptives,
Female sterilization, 31
Falope rings, vs. Filshie clips, 145
Filshie clips vs. Pomeroy technique, 267 Lactational amenorrhea, method of family planning, 317
tubal ligation by Pomeroy technique, 151 Levonorgestrel, effect on ovarian function, 373
use of erythromycin, 47 Levonorgestrel EC,
Fertile phase determination, ectopic pregnancies, 83
monitoring cervical mucus, 9 minimum effectiveness, 79
use of electronic device, 9 Levonorgestrel-releasing IUS,
Fertility restoration, vasectomized men, 497 acceptability, 247
FibroPlant'“-LNG IUS, removal force measurement, 513 clinical performance, 407
Filshie clips vs. Falope rings, postoperative pain diagnosis and therapy of lost device, 289
following tubal sterilization, 145 Lipid profile,
Filshie clips vs. Pomeroy technique, obstetric tubal effect of ethinylestradiol desogestrel, 271
sterilization, 247 effect of ethinylestradiol + drospirenone, 2977 1
effect of ethinylestradiol + norgestrel, 395
General practitioners, role in IUD use, 283 effect of injectable contraceptives, 115
Lipoprotein metabolism, effect of ethinylestradiol OC use,
levonorgestrel, 105 effect in factor V Leiden carriers, 27
Long-cycle OC regimen, attitudes, 37 risk of diabetes, 251
Lost levonorgestrel-releasing [US, diagnosis and therapy, OCs and cervical cancer, 347
289 Older women,
effect of triphasic combined OC on lipid profile,
Making research matter, ARHP editorial, 87 Implanon implant use, 489
Male partner, role in post-abortion contraception Oral contraceptive (OC),
counseling, 419 ethinylestradiol + desogestrel, 271, 407, 469,
Medical abortion, ethinylestradiol + dienogest, 37
experience in developing countries, 63 ethinylestradiol drosopir. enone, a>
mifepristone misoprostol, 51, 63 ethinylestradiol ge>s todelnanee, 2952 7
outcome of midtrimester terminations, 51] ethinylestradiol levonorgestrel,
Medical abortion trials, hazard analysis, 157 461, 469
Medical® and “surgical: abortion, rethinking the modifiers, ethinylestradiol norethindrone, 251
—F knowledge and effect of counseling, 31
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, serum levels among DMPA progestogen-only pills, 89
users, 3 triphasic ethinylestradiol norgestrel, 395
Medroxyprogesterone acetate estradiol cypionate, effect Ortho Evra’, weekly contraceptive transdermal system,
on menstrual pattern and lipid profiles, 115 189
Menstrual pattern, effect of injectable contraceptives, 115 Ovarian function,
Midtrimester medical abortion, review of cases, 51 effect of levonorgestrel, 37:
Mifepristone, effect of mifepristone, 373
effect on ovarian function, 373 Ovarian morphology, following tubal ligation by Pomeroy
presenting health risks, ARHP editorial, 177 technique, 15]
Mifepristone + misoprostol, Over-the-counter EC pills, women’s knowledge, attitudes
experiences in developing country, 63 and practice, 309
midtrimester terminations, 51 Over-the-counter OC pills, screening by pharmacy
Minimum effectiveness, levonorgestrel EC, 79 workers, 295
Misconceptions and knowledge, effect on acceptance of
EC pills, 227 Perceptions and experiences, barrier and rhythm
Misoprostol, sublingual vs. oral for cervical priming, 165 contraceptive methods, 493
Motivational interviewing, use in contraceptive Periodic abstinence,
counseling, 213 failure rates and consequences, 15
Mutagenic effect, ethinylestradiol gestodene, a2 use in developing countries, 15
Pharmacy workers, screening for over-the-counter OC
Nestorone, effect on pituitary gonadotropic cells (rat), 505 pills, 295
Nestorone -releasing rod implant, clinical trial, 137 Pituitary gonadotropic cells, effect of Nestorone (rat), 505
Nisin, Pomeroy technique tubal ligation, effect on ovarian
anti-microbial peptide, 333 morphology and blood flow, 151
contraceptive efficacy (rat, rabbit, monkey, human), 33: >3 Pomeroy technique vs. Filshie clips, obstetric tubal
effect on sperm motility (rat, rabbit, monkey, human), sterilization, 267
222 Post-abortion contraception counseling, role of male
wer
Norethisterone enanthate, effect on menstrual pattern and partner, 419
lipid profiles, 115 Post-abortion contraceptive use, effect of pre-abortion
Norplant, side effects and reasons for discontinuation, 323 counseling, 481
Nulliparous women, clinical performance of IUDs, 259 Postoperative pain following tubal sterilization, Filshie
Nurses’ attitudes, abortion procedures, 59 clips vs. Falope rings, 145
NuvaRing Postpartum educational intervention, effect on OC
effect of antimycotic co-medication, 129 compliance, 413
effect of tampon co-usage, 197 Postplacental IUD insertion, clinical outcomes, 279
effect on hemostatic variables, 461 Pre-abortion counseling, effect on post-abortion
effect on lipid metabolism, 389 contraceptive use, 48]
vaginal ring releasing ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel, Pregnancy despite IUD, 343
129, 187, 389, 461 Pregnancy rates after vasectomy, 401
Prescribing practices, emergency contraception, 43
OC (oral contraceptive) Presenting health risks honestly, ARHP editorial, 177
OC compliance, effect of postpartum educational Progestagen-only contraceptives, effect on cervical
intervention, 413 cytology, 121
OC pills over-the-counter, screening by pharmacy Progestin-only contraceptives, effect on risk of breast
workers, 295 cancer, 353
524 Subject Index / Contraception 69 (2004) 521-524
Progestogen-only pills and high blood pressure, review, Spermatozoa, effect of tetradecyl-dimenthl-benzyl
89 ammonium fluoride, 425
Standard Days Method™, importance of screening and
Quality of life, monitoring, 201
effect of ethinylestradiol + desogestrel, 469 STD (sexually transmitted diseases)
effect of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel, 469 Sublingual vs. oral misoprostol, effect on cervical
priming, 165
“Surgical” and “medical” abortion, rethinking the
Religious and sociocultural influences, effect on
modifiers, 77
contraceptive practices, 219
Removal force measurement,
FibroPlant™-LNG IUS, 513 Tampon co-usage, interaction with ethinylestradiol +
etonogestrel, 197
GyneFix IUD, 501, 513
TC 380A, clinical outcomes of postplacental insertion,
Repeat use, EC pills, 339
279
Reproductive health and IUDs, 437
Telephone access to EC pills, 367
Reproductive health care, ARHP editorial, |
Tetradecyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium fluoride, effect on
Resistin levels,
spermatozoa, 425
effect of ethinylestradiol + desogestrel, 477
Transdermal contraceptive system,
effect of ethinylestradiol + gestodene, 477
impact of compliance on contraceptive efficacy, 189
Restoration of fertility, vasectomized men, 497
Ortho Evra, 189
Rhythm and barrier contraceptive methods, perceptions
Tubal occlusion, Falope rings vs. Filshie clips, 145
and experiences, 493
Urologists survey, pregnancy rate after vasectomy, 401
Screening and monitoring procedures, Standard Days
Method users, 201 Vacuum aspiration,
Sexual behavior, effect of ethinylestradiol + gestodene, Ipas double-valve manual syringe, 171
237 sublingual vs. oral misoprostol for cervical priming,
Side effects, 165
ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel EC, 301 Vaginal ring, NuvaRing, 129, 197, 389
ethinylestradiol + norethindrone EC, 301 Vasectomized men, restoration of fertility, 497
Norplant use, 323 Vasectomy, pregnancy incidence following procedure,
Sociocultural and religious influences, effect on 401
contraceptive practices, 219
Sperm motility, effect of nisin (rat, rabbit, monkey, Women treated for STD, family planning referral and
human), 333 advanced provision of EC, 241