Conscious Orientation: A Study of Personality Types in Relation to Neurosis and Psychosis PDF
Preview Conscious Orientation: A Study of Personality Types in Relation to Neurosis and Psychosis
0/ T he International Library P sychology CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION 0/ The International Library Psychology ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY In 12 Volumes I Studies in Analytical Psychology Adler II Complex/Archetype/Symbol in the Psychology ofC G Jung Jacobi III Psychology ofC G Jung Jacobi IV Experiment in Depth Martin V Amor and Psyche Neu11lann VI Art and the Creative Unconscious Neu11lann VII The Origins and History of Consciousness NeU11lann VIII Jung's Psychology and its Social Meaning Progoff IX Religion and the Cure ofSouls in Jung's Psychology Schaer X Conscious Orientation van der Hoop XI Lucifer and Prometheus Werblowsky XII The Secree of ehe Golden Flower Wilhel11l CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION A Study of Personality Types in Relation to N eurosis and Psychosis J H VAN DER HOOP First published in 1937 by Routledge Reprinted in 1999 , 200 I by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milcon Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Transferred co Digital Printing 2007 © 1937] H van der Hoop Translated by Laura Hurton All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in the International Library 0/ PJychology. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies' we have been unable to trace. These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfeet. The publisher has gone co great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof. BritiJh Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Conscious Orientation ISBN 0415-20947-1 Analytical Psychology: 12 Volumes ISBN 0415-21124-7 The International Library of Psychology: 204 Volumes ISBN 0415-19132-7 CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE. Vll PART I PSYCHOLOGY AND THE TYPES OF CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION CHAP. I. JUNG'S PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES 3 2I II. INSTINCT AND THE INSTINCTIVE TYPES III. INTUITION AND THE INTUITIVE TYPES 35 IV. THINKING AND THE THINKING-TYPES . 52 V. FEELING AND THE FEELING-TYPES 69 VI. COMPLICATIONS 92 I06 VII. THE INTER-RELATION OF THE TYPES PART 11 PSYCHIATRY AND THE TYPES OF CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION II5 I. TYPE AND COMPLEX IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. I40 II. CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION AND NEUROSIS In. CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION AND PSYCHOPATHY I73 206 IV. CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION AND PSYCHOSIS v vi CONTENTS PART 111 A PHILOSOPHICAL COMMENTARY CHAP. PAGE I. THE OBJECTIVE BASIS OF PSYCHOLOGY 253 11. THE UNITY AND TRANSCENDENCE OF CON- SCIOUSNESS . 279 II!. THE PERSONAL EQUATION • 3I6 INDEX 330 PREFACE THIS book is the product of many years in the practice of psycho therapy. This work constantly reveals to us people in all their complexity. In doing it, one becomes very conscious of the inadequacy of psychological differentiations, to give one a true understanding of this complexity. Psychology has doubtless made enormous advances during recent years, since, primarily under the leadership of Freud, it has forsaken the elassroom and the laboratory and has applied itself to the problems of daily life. But medical and pedagogical influences have also led to some confusion, through the propagation from different directions of different principles and schemata on wh ich to base a psychology. This book is partly the product of this conflict, since my personal destiny has brought me successively into elose contact with various schools of thought. My attempt to combine in a unified conception certain points of view, as developed by Jung, with the views of Freud and the requirements of phenomenological elarity, finds its origin in my own personal experiences. In the autumn of 1913 I went to Dr C. G. Jung in Zürich, in order to learn about psycho-analysis, and was analysed by hirn during aperiod of six months. I was at that time not aware that a decisive split between Jung's psychological conceptions and those of Freud had recently developed. After my return to Holland I made contact with a group of Freud's followers therc, and cntered into increasingly lively discussions with them. For a considerable time I remained in touch with Dr Jung; thc conflicts betwccn hirn and Freud were a matter of lively interest to me and formed thc main theme of my first book, which appeared in 1921 and was later translated into English.1 From thc outset, the problem of Jung's types appeared to mc to be an important amplification 1 Van der Roop, Nieuwe Richtingen in de Zielkunde, 1921; 2. Ausgabe, 1927; Character and the Unconscious, 1923. The concrete descriptions of types in this booll: are tall:en from the second Dutch edition. vll viii PREFACE of Freud's too exc1usively dynamic conceptions. The basis of these psychological differentiations was, however, somewhat indefinitely formulated by Jung, and his book, Psychological Types, dealt primarily with the opposition between the introverted and the extraverted type. This latter differentiation was also the one chiefly adopted by others, while the c1assification of the functions of conscious orientation found little acceptance. The conflict between the ideas of Freud and those of Jung has little to do with these differentiations in the conscious per sonality. Freud began only later to study the structure of the ego, and his investigations here run in an entirely different direc tion and have no bearing on the problems of conscious orientation. Psycho-analysis investigates primarily the contents of consciousness, and finds behind them influences from the past, which have hitherto received little recognition. In his representation of the origins of the contents of consciousness, Jung has, since the publication of his Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido, gone further and further away from Freud. With the latter, the emphasis in the explanation of mental forms rests on childhood experiences, while Jung has displaced it more and more on to the early history of mankind. Jung makes chief use of archaic forms and "collective" psychology to explain the individual and the patient. Although ladmit the value of this mode of explanation (as Freud also does), it seems to me that Jung over-estimates their significance, and that he has not fully understood the value of infantile forms. For the observation of the individual, and for the treatment of mental disorders, Freud's standpoint seems to me to be more cautious and more thorough. Although I regret that Freud, by his use of an exaggeratedly sexual terminology, has made it difficult for us to understand the infantile forms, I nevertheless accept .. infantile sexuality" as the most important foundation for the psychology of the emotionallife. In the treatment of the neuroses I employ mainly the Freudian method, of which I made some years ago a thorough study in Vienna by means of an analysis. I must also confess that the later developments of the Jungian mode of treatment are little known to me, and that the little which has been published concerning it has not enlightened me to any great extent. The method of orientating the individual PREFACE ix by collective symbols colours the pieture to an ever-increasing degree in the work of Jung and his followers. It is, for example, significant that in the publication issued in honour of Jung's sixtieth birthday there is no mention of typology. The neglect of typology in the later development of Jungian psychology may have some connection with the fact that his concepts have not been very dearly worked out. My need for precision so on drove me to seek for more definite formulations, and my encounter with phenomenology through Husserl and Heidegger has been of very great assistance to me. Through it I have become aware that my attempt to get a more exact under standing must be regarded as a phenomenologieal investigation. During the course of the years that I worked at these problems, it became more and more dear to me how very dosely they are bound up with every kind of problem in psychology, psychiatry and philosophy. I am wen aware that areal study of these problems would require much greater knowledge than I possess, and much more time than I, as a practising physician, have at my disposal. My contribution cannot be more than an outline of ideas, requiring examination and doser precision in very many directions. I feel, however, that I am justified in publishing my thoughts in this form, because these fundamental questions are important, even when they are for the first time dearly set, and it is not yet possible to answer them fuHy. The psychologie al part of this book was first prepared in the form of six lectures which I gave in November I929, at the Psycho pathie Hospital in Boston. Later it seemed desirable to work out the dinical and philosophieal aspects of the subject. The question of the relationship between typologieal explanation and psycho-analytical explanation has been dealt with in outline in the psychiatrie seetion of this book. In this field also I had to give up the idea of any completeness in my representation, and it was my business first of all to demonstrate the possibilities of the typologieal point of view. In this book I have worked out my thoughts in the order in which they have come to me in relation to my practieal experience during the course of the years. I think it worth while to emphasize that there is no question here of a system elaborated round the
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