Conrad II, 990-1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms

496 Pages·2006·18.27 MB·English

by  Herwig Wolfram

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Conrad II, 990–1039
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otherbooks byherwig wolfram in english translation:
History of the Goths
The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples
(cid:1)
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h e r w i g w o l f r a m
translated by Denise A. Kaiser
Conrad II
990–1039
Emperor of Three Kingdoms
the pennsylvania state university press
university park, pennsylvania
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Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for
inclusion in the eBook.
This English translation of Konrad II
was made possible through the kind support of the
Austrian Ministry for Education, Science, and Culture.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wolfram, Herwig.
[Konrad II, 990–1039. English]
Conrad II, 990–1039: emperor of three kingdoms / Herwig Wolfram ;
translated by Denise A. Kaiser.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn0-271-02738-X(cloth : alk. paper)
1. Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, ca. 990–1039.
2. Holy Roman Empire—Kings and rulers—Biography.
3. Holy Roman Empire—History—Conrad II, 1024–1039.
I. Title: Conrad the Second, 990–1039.
II. Kaiser, Denise Adele, 1953–.
III. Title.
dd142.w65132006
943'.022092—dc22
2006000633
First published in Germany as
Konrad II, 990–1039: Kaiser dreier Reiche
© C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich, 2000
English translation © 2006The Pennsylvania State University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press,
University Park, PA16802-1003
The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the
Association of American University Presses.
It is the policy of
The Pennsylvania State University Press
to use acid-free paper. This book is printed on
Natures Natural, containing 50% post-consumer waste,
and meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—
Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material,
ansi z39.48–1992.
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in memory of
Heinrich von Fichtenau and Reinhard Wenskus
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contents
List of Illustrations ix
Translator’s Note xi
Introduction to the English-Language Edition xiii
1
Our Story Opens
part one: from worms to basle
1 15
ConradII
2 31
Gisela
3 42
The Royal Election of Conrad II
4 Y 46
Coronation, Assumption of O ce, and Royal Progress
part two: conflicts and their resolution
5 71
Family Ties or Intrafamilial Disputes
6 X 1025 3031 89
Sitting Out Con ict: The Dispute over Gandersheim ( – / )
7 X 1026 27 95
Engaging in Con ict: The First Expedition to Italy ( – )
8 1027 W
The Emperor in Germany ( ): Court Diets, Synods, Con dential
114
Discussions, and Compromises
9 X 1036 38 118
Engaging in Con ict: The Second Expedition to Italy ( – )
part three: the realm
10 141
The Sovereign
11 169
The “People”
part four: foreign policy
12
Bilateral Diplomacy: The Imperial Embassy to Constantinople
1027 29 197
( – )
13 204
Conrad’s Policies Toward the Peoples to the Empire’s North and East
14 1032 38
Consolidation of Sovereignty over Burgundy ( – ) and the
239
Accord with France
part five: the church
15 249
The Ecclesiastical Policy of Conrad II
16 255
The Six Archbishoprics of Germany
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(cid:1) contents
viii
17 271
The Most Important Bishoprics North of the Alps
18 X 290
Open Con icts with Bishops
19 294
Conrad’s Monastic Policy
20 308
Issues of Canon Law
21 314
Summary
part six: epilogue
22 321
Personality and Policies
23 4 1039 343
The Emperor’s Life Draws to a Close: Utrecht, June ,
349
Appendix: Genealogy of the Early Salians
353
List of Abbreviations
355
Notes
431
Bibliography
457
Index
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list of illustrations
maps
1 1050
. The Kingdoms of Europe ca. . (Adapted from Hagen Keller, Zwischen
regionaler Begrenzung und universalem Horizont,Propyläen Geschichte
Deutschlands, 2[Berlin, 1986], 19) 2
2
. The Northern Tier, Bohemia, and Moravia. (Adapted from Hans Karl
3
Schulze, Hegemoniales Kaisertum: Ottonen und Salier, rd ed. [Berlin,
1994], 226) 208
figures
1
. The widowed Empress Gisela entering the abbey church at Echternach
1040
in Trier. From the Pericope Book of Henry III, ca. ; Bremen
ms 21 2
Universitätsbibliothek, b. , fol. r. (photo: Dr. Ludwig Reichert
Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany) 39
2
. Deposing a lord. From the fresco cycle in the west choir of the abbey
1080
church at Lambach, ca. (photo: Bundesdenkmalamt, Vienna,
Austria) 82
3
. Fresco depicting Henry III, Conrad II, and Gisela (on the right), and
Adalbero of Carinthia (?) and Poppo of Aquileia (on the left), with
larger-than-life-size representations of saints. In the apse of the
basilica of Aquileia (photo: Prof. Ernst-Dieter Hehl, Mainz,
Germany) 110
4 23 1028
. Conrad’s imperial seal (August , ) bearing the inscription
heinricus spes imperii, henryhope of the empire
or . From the
Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, Germany 143
5
. The Imperial Cross. From the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna,
Austria 145
6
. The Imperial Crown. From the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna,
Austria 148–149
i
a.Plate depicting King David ( ).
iii
b.Plate depicting King Solomon ( ).
vii
c.Plate depicting Isaiah and King Hezekiah ( ).
v
d.Plate depicting Christ in majesty ( ).
7
. Burial crowns of Conrad (bottom) and Gisela (top). From the
Historisches Museum der Pfalz, Speyer, Germany (photo:
Kurt Diehl) 156