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Joint Transportation Research Program FHWA/IN/JTRP-97/13 Final Report CONDITIONS FOR STRIPPING USING ACCELERATED TESTING Changlin Pan Thomas D. White February 1999 Indiana Department of Transportation Purdue University Final Report FHWA/IN/JTRP-97/13 CONDITIONS FOR STRIPPING USING ACCELERATED TESTING by Changlin Pan and Thomas D. White Joint Transportation Research Program Project No: C-36-55L File No: 2-12-12 Prepared as Part ofan Investigation Conducted by the Joint Transportation Research Program Purdue University In Cooperation with the Indiana Department ofTransportation and the U.S. Department ofTransportation Federal Flighway Administration The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy ofthe data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies ofthe Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. School ofCivil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 February 1999 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation; Indiana Department of Transportation http://www.archive.org/details/conditionsforstrOOpanc 11 TECHNICALREPORTSTANDARDTITLEPAGE 1. ReportNo. 2. GovernmentAccessionNo. 3. Recipient'sCatalogNo. FHWA/IN/JTRP/97-13 4. TitleandSubtitle 5. ReportDate February- 1999 ConditionstorStrippingUsingAcceleratedTesting 6. PerformingOrganizationCode 7. Authors) 8. PerformingOrganizationReportNo. FHWA/IN/JTRP-97/13 ChanglinPanandThomasD. White 9. PerformingOrganizationNameandAddress 10.WorkUnivNo. JointTransportationResearchProgram 1284CivilEngineeringBuilding 11.ContractorGrantNo. PurdueUniversity HPR-2086 WestLafavette,Indiana47907-1284 12.SponsoringAgencyNameandAddress 13.TypeofReportandPeriodCovered IndianaDepartmentofTransportation FinalReport StateOfficeBuilding 100NorthSenateAvenue 14.SponsoringAgencyCode Indianapolis.IN46204 15.SupplementaryNotes Preparedincooperationwiththe IndianaDepartmentofTransportation andFederalHighwayAdministration. 16.Abstract Alaboratorystudywasconductedtodeterminewatersensitivity andruttingpotential ofasphaltmixtures. Twomajor testswere includedinthestudy: AASHTOT-283 andalaboratorywheel trackingdevice(PURWheel). AASHTO T-283 hasbeenadoptedinthe Superpavesystemforevaluatingmixturestrippingpotential. ThePURWheel device andtestmethodwasdevelopedwiththeconceptcreatingconditionsassociatedwith stripping, i.e. moisture,high temperature, and amovingwheel load. The laboratorywheel track testscanbeconductedwithhot/wetorhot/dry environments. Theobjectiveofthestudy istodeterminethefactorsthatmostinfluencebituminousmixturestripping potential. The laboratorywheel testscan simulatemixturestrippingconditionsaswell pavementloadings. Rutting potential with andwithoutstripping, hot/wetandhot/dryenvironments,respectively, canbedetermined independently. Thedifferenceinruttingforthetwoenvironmental conditionsindicatesthemagnitudeofrutting associatedwithstripping. PURWheel testsshowtheabilitiesofthemachinetoevaluatetherutting/strippingofasphaltmixturesundervarious temperature/moistureconditions. InacomparisonoftwoIndiana#1 1 surfacemixtures, limestone anddolomite, the limestonemixhasalowersusceptibilitytoruttingthanthatofthedolomitemixat 50 and60°C. Moisturedamage wasshowntooccuroverarangeoftemperaturesfrom60°C toroomtemperature. ResultsofFEMstudiesshowthatthecreepmodel cansuccessfullycharacterizethepavementmaterialbehavior throughareasonable approximationofloading andmaterialproperties. Basedondeformationdatafromthe PURWheel tests, materialparametersinthecreepmodel werebackcalculated. Good agreementwasobtained betweenpredictedandmeasureddeformation inAPT tests. 17.Keywords 18.DistributionStatement asphalt,mixtures, Superpave, stripping,AASHTO Norestrictions. Thisdocumentisavailabletothepublicthroughthe NationalTechnicalInformationService,Springfield,VA22161 T283,wheeltesting 19.SecurityClassif.(ofthisreport) 20.SecurityClassif.(ofthispage) 21.No.ofPages 22.Price 190 11 HI TABLE OF CONTENT Page LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES x IMPLEMENTATION REPORT xiv CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1 1 1.1 Problem statement 1 1.2 Objectives and Scope 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Causes ofRutting 4 2.1.1 Effect ofLoad and Tire Pressure on Rutting Potential 5 2.1.2 Effect ofTemperature on Rutting Potential 6 2.2 Causes ofStripping 7 2.2.1 Mechanisms ofStripping 9 2.2.2 Influence ofAggregate on Stripping Potential 1 2.2.3 Influence ofAnti-Stripping Agents on stripping Potential 1 2.3 Laboratory Moisture Susceptibility Tests 13 2.3.1 Immersion - Compression test 14 2.3.2 Indirect tension test 14 Page 2.3.3 Texas Freeze-Thaw Pedestal Test 15 IV 2.4 Laboratory Accelerated Wheel Tracking Tests 16 CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Materials 25 3.2.1 Asphalt and Aggregate 25 3.2.2 Asphalt Mixtures 26 3.2.3 Additive/Modifiers 26 3.3 Experimental Designs 27 CHAPTER 4 LABORATORY MOISTURE SENSITIVITY TESTS 40 4.1 Specimen Preparations for AASHTO T-283 Tests 40 4.2 Testing Procedures 41 AASHTO 4.3 Results for T-283 Tests 43 4.3.1 Results for Surface Mixtures 43 4.3.2 Results for Binder Mixtures 43 4.3.3 Results for Base Mixtures 44 AASHTO 4.4 Analysis for T-283 Test Results 45 4.4.1 Analysis for Surface Mixtures 45 4.4.2 Analysis for Binder Mixtures 46 4.4.3 Analysis for Base Mixtures 47 4.5 Summary 48 CHAPTER 5 LABORATORY WHEEL TRACKING TESTING 72 5.1 Introductions 72 Page 5.2 Laboratory Wheel Test Apparatus Development 73 5.2.1 Laboratory Linear Compactor 74 5.2.2 Development ofThe Wheel Track Testing Device 75 5.3 Test Parameters 77 5.3.1 Tire Contact Pressure 77 5.3.2 Test Temperature 78 5.4 Sample Preparation and Test Procedures 79 5.5 Results and Analysis 82 5.5.1 Wheel Track Testing Evaluation 82 5.5.2 Results and Analysis for Surface Mixtures 83 5.5.3 Results and Analysis for Binder Mixtures 85 5.5.4 Results and Analysis for Base Mixtures 86 5.6 Summary 87 CHAPTER 6 INFLUENCE OF TESTING TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON PURWHEEL RESULTS 120 6.1 Wheel Track Testing Results and Analysis 120 6.1.1 Temperature and Moisture Effects 120 6.1.2 Analysis for the Effect ofTemperature and Moisture 121 6.2 Finite Element Modeling forthe Wheel Tracking Test 123 6.2.1 Model Geometry 123 6.2.2 Boundary Conditions 124 6.2.3 Element Types 124 6.2.4 Loading Models 124 6.2.5 Material Properties 126 6.2.6 Model Verification 127 6.2.7 Effect ofTemperature 128 6.5 Summary 129 CHAPTER 7 EVALUATIONS OF 1996 SUPERPAVE PROJECTS 152 Page 7.1 Asphalt Mixtures 153 WTD 7.2 Test Results 153 7.3 AASHTO T-283 Test 154 VI 7.4 Summary 155 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8 164 LIST OF REFERENCES 169