Concerted European Action on Magnets (CEAM)

909 Pages·1989·27.586 MB·English

by  I. V. Mitchell (auth.), I. V. Mitchell, J. M. D. Coey, D. Givord, I. R. Harris, R. Hanitsch (eds.)

CONCERTED EUROPEAN ACTION ON MAGNETS
(CEAM)
CONCERTED EUROPEAN
ACTION ON MAGNETS
(CEAM)
Edited by
1. V. MITCHELL
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium
1. M. D. COEY
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
D. GIVORD
CNRS, Laboratoire Louis Neel, Grenoble, France
I. R. HARRIS
University of Birmingham, UK
R. HANITSCH
Technische Universitiit Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
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WITH 113 TABLES AND 533 ILLUSTRATIONS
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Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Concerted European Action on Magnets (CEAM).
I. Electrical engineering components: Magnets
I. Mitchell, I. V.
621.34
Library of Congress CIP data applied for
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7003-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1135-2
DOl: 10.1 007/978-94-009-1135-2
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v
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Rene
Pauthenet who was chief co-ordinator of the Concerted European
Action on Magnets project from its inception until his
untimely death on April 19th 1987.
VII
FOREWORD
The beneficial impact of the European communities involvement
in scientific research and technology is wide-ranging and
pervasive. There are high hopes of major advances in
scientific knowledge and technological processes, while the
emergence of a genuine tradition of collaborative research
holds out great and continuing promise for the future. Close,
frequent and long-term cooperation between universities,
research centres and industry is already generating new
synergies, forging a truly European scientific community.
Many of tomorrows industrial developments, destined to be
determinant for our economic success and prosperity, will
spring from this research.
The Concerted European Action on Magnets - CEAM - project is a
prime example of collaborative research and development.
Financed from the Communities STIMULATION action and
implemented with the help of EURAM, the advanced materials
programme, CEAM will bestow great benefits on European
industrial competitiveness, providing a channel for high
quality basic research to find its way into commercial
products.
This remarkable cooperative enterprise brought t~gether 58
laboratories and more than 120 scientists and englneers in a
sustained thirty month effort. It spanned every aspect of new
iron-based high performance magnets from theoretical
modelling of their intrinsic magnetic properties to the design
and construction of novel electrical devices and machines.
Besides adding a new European dimension to advanced magnetic
technology, CEAM also ensured that a whole new generation of
young researchers and technicians have been trained in applied
magnetism.
CEAM's real successes, the way in which very diverse
interdisciplinary skills and expertise were marshalled across
frontiers and united in a joint endeavour, represent a fine
example of what Europe can achieve with realistic goals and
determination. The story of CEAM, of which CODEST, the
European Committee on science and Technology, is proud, will
serve in the future as a benchmark by which other projects can
be judged.
Professor Umberto Colombo
ENEA, Rome
Vlll
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All those involved in making the Concerted European Action on
Magnets project such a success deserve our thanks.
In particular, the Commission of the European Communities for
providing the support and substantial funding for such a
collaboration to come about and the Spanish Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) for their key role in
organising the final meeting in Madrid. We owe a special debt
or
gratitude to Jose Serratosa, Jesus Gonzalez and their
associates on the Spanish committees for all their efforts
which produced such a successful final meeting. Finally, to
all our wives and families for the fortitude with which they
have borne so many lonely weekends because of CEAM.
IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK xvi
SECTION I: RESEARCH COLLABORATION IN EUROPE
- THE EXAMPLE OF CEAM
I.V. Mitchell
SECTION II: RARE EARTH PERMANENT MAGNETS
- THE CONTRIBUTION OF CEAM 17
J.M.D. Coey, D. Givord, I.R. Harris,
R. Hanitsch
SECTION III: FINAL REPORTS OF PARTICIPANTS
A. MATER IALS
CHAPTER 1 : NEW PHASES, STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES
1.1 The Prediction of Structure-type and Magnetic
Properties of Iron-based Alloys 39
D.G. Pettifor, P. Mohn, J. Staunton, P. Collins
1.2 A Survey of the Experi.ental Literature on the
B-Fe-Nd Syste. and Related Topics 53
V.G. Rivlin, A.P. Miodownik
1.3 Novel Ternary Fe-Rich Rare Earth Inter.etallics 63
K.H.J. Buschow, D.B. de Mooij
1.4 Intrinsic Magnetic Properties of Iron-rich
Co.pounds with the Nd2Fe14B or ThM"12 Structure 76
J.M.D. Coey, H.S. Li, J.P. Gavigan, J.M. Cadogan,
B.P. Hu
1.5 A Search for New Per.anent Magnet Materials:
Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of New
Co.pounds 98
J. Allemand, C. Bertrand, J. Le Roy, J.M. Moreau.
D. Paccard. L. Paccard
1.6 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Magnetic Properties of
Rare Earth-Transition Metal-Metalloid Alloys 109
C. Christides. A. Kostikas, D. Niarchos.
A. Simopoulos, G. Zouganelis
1.7 A Search for New Fe-Rich Phases for the
Develop.ent of Per.anent Magnets 122
G.C. Hadjipanayis
x
1.8 Novel Ternary Gd-Fe-Ti Alloys with ThMnlz
Structure 130
D. Cochet-Muchy, S. Paldassi
1.9 Structural and Magnetic Properties of
REzFe17Hx (RE = Nd,S.) Hybrides and Iron-rich
Co.pounds Nd(Co1-xFex)QSiz and Gd(FexAl1-x)lz 134
B. Chevalier. J. Etourneau. J.M.D. Coey
1.10 Structural and Magnetic Properties of So.e
RE-(Fe,Mn)-(B,X) Alloys 146
W. Rodewald
Summary of discussions: Buschow and Pettifor 159
CHAPTER 2 : MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTION
2.1 Magnetic Properties of the the RzFe14B
Co_pounds (R = Rare Earth), a Series of R-FE
Inter.etallics 163
J.P. Gavigan, D. Givord. H.S. Li
2.2 Magnetic Interactions in Rare-Earth - 3d
I nterlletall ics 174
J.J.M. Franse. S. Sinnema. R. Verhoef.
R.J. Radwanski, F.R. de Boer. A. Menovsky
2.3 Macroscopic Studies of Magnetic Anistropy i~
Rare-Earth Inter.etallic Co.pounds 188
L. Pareti. o. Moze, M. Solzi. F. Bolzoni.
G. Asti. G. Marusi
2.4 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Magnetic Properties of
Substituted NdzFe14B Alloys and Magnets 203
K.H.J. Buschow. S. Heisz, G. Hilscher.
P. Hundegger, R. Grossinger, H. Kirchmayr,
R. Krewenka. R. Leeb. o. Mayerhofer. H. Sassik.
G. Wiesinger. A. Wimmer.
2.5 Crystal Che.istry, Physical Properties,
Hydridation Properties of NdzFe14B-Type of
Co.pounds 214
D. Fruchart, P. Wolfers. S. Miraglia,
L. Pontonnier, F. Vaillant. H. Vincent.
D. Le Roux, A. Yaouanc. P. Dalmas de Reotier.
P. I'Heritier, R. Fruchart
2.6 Elaboration and Characterization of
NdzFe14B-Type Phases and their Hydrides 230
R. Fruchart, P. I'Heritier, D. Fruchart,
P. Wolfers, A. Yaouanc
Xl
2.7 Magnetostriction and Low Field Magnetization
Processes in RE2Fe14B Co.pounds 240
P.A. Algarabel. J.I. Arnaudas. J. Bartolome.
J. Chaboy. A. Del Moral. J.M. Fernandez.
M.R. Ibarra. C. Marquina. R. Navarro. C. Rillo
Summary of discussions: Franse and Kirchmayr 259
CHAPTER 3 : ATOMIC SCALE MAGNETISM
3. 1 N.M.R. Study of Inter.etallic Co.pounds for
Per.anent Magnets 265
Y. Berthier
3.2 A Mossbauer Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Study of R2(Fe.Co)14B and Related
Co.pounds 216
M. Rosenberg. P. Deppe. K. Erdmann.
Th. Sinnemann
3.3 Mossbauer Study by 57Fe and 174Yb Mossbauer
Spectroscopies of Yb2Fe14B, RC04- Fe B (R Pr,
x x
Nd, S., Er. T., Lu) and S.FeloT2 (T = Ti, V. Si) 288
Y. Gros. F. Hartmann-Boutron. C. Meyer
3.4 Intrinsic Properties of Ternary Rare-Earth
Co.pounds fro. 57Fe, 161Dy, 166Er Mossbauer
Spectroscopies 300
J.P. Sanchez
3.5 Hyperfine Interactions on R-Fe-B Co.pounds
Studied by Mossbauer Spectroscopy 310
M. Boge. C. Jeandey. J.L. Oddou
3.6 Develop.ent of 157Gd and 145Nd Mossbauer
Resonances 323
G. Czjzek. H-J. Bornemann
Summary of discussions: Czjzek and Niarchos 331
CHAPTER 4 : PHASE RELATIONS AND MICROSTRUCTURE
4. 1 Phase Equilibria in Fe-Nd-B and Related Syste.s
and Microstructure of Sintered Fe-Nd-B Magnets 335
G. Schneider. E-T. Henig. B. Grieb. G. Knoch
4.2 Effect of So.e Addition Ele.ents on the Phase
Equilibria and Microstructure of Nd-Fe-B Alloys 358
C.H. Allibert
4.3 The Nd15Fe77Ba Microstructure: So.e Effects of
Oxygen for Different Solidification Conditions 369
D. Cochet-Muchy. S. PaYdassi
Summary of discussions: Allibert and Schneider 311
Xli
CHAPTER 5 : MICROSTRUCTURE AND COERCIVITY
5.1 Coercivity Mechanis.s in Nd-Fe-B and other
Sintered Magnets 381
D. Givord. P. Tenaud. T. Viadieu
5.2 Magnetic Hardening Mechanis. in Re-Fe-B
Per.anent Magnets 392
H. KronmUller. K-D. Durst
5.3 The Microstructure and Extrinsic Magnetic
Properties of NdFeB-based Materials 405
P.J. Grundy. D.G. Lord. S.F.H. Parker.
R.J. Pollard
5.4 Magnetic Hardening Studies in Nd-Fe-B Magnets 418
G.C. Hadjipanayis
5.5 Magnetization, Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy,
Do.ain Wall Energies and Thicknesses in R2Fe14B
Materials with R = Nd, Gd, Dy and Ho 424
W.D. Corner. M.J. Hawton
5.6 Nd-Fe-B Magnets by Melt Spinning 436
A. Chamberod. F. Vanoni
5.7 Coercivity Distribution and Magnetic Stability
of Nd-Fe-B Alloys 449
S. Stieler. K. Zeibig. M. Kemper. W. Kurtz.
A. Hohler. R. Beranek. C. Heiden
Summary of discussions: Fidler and Grundy 463
B. MAGNET PROCESSING
CHAPTER 6 : INGOT MATERIALS - CHARACTERISATION,
POWDER PROCESSING AND MELT SPINNING
6.1 Cast Rare Earth Alloys for Magnetic Materials
Research 467
D. Kennedy. D.W.A. Murphy
6.2 The Preparation of Neody.iu.-Metal and
NdFeB-Alloys 480
S. Sattelberger. R. Hahn
6.3 Microstructural and Hydrogen Absorption Studies
on Neody.iu.-Iron-Boron Materials 489
I.R. Harris. J.S. Abell. P.J. McGuiness.
E.J. Devlin. P.A. Withey
6.4 A Study of Nd-Fe-B Magnets Produced Using a
Co.bination of Hydrogen Decrepitation and Jet
Milling 510
E. Rozendaal. J. Ormerod. P.J. McGuiness. I.R. Harris