Coastal Risk Assessment

102 Pages·2018·2.797 MB·English

by  Ansar Khan, Soumendu Chatterjee

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
Ansar Khan
Soumendu Chatterjee
Coastal Risk
Assessment
A Comprehensive
Framework for the
Bay of Bengal
123
SpringerBriefs in Oceanography
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11754
Ansar Khan Soumendu Chatterjee
(cid:129)
Coastal Risk Assessment
A Comprehensive Framework for the Bay
of Bengal
123
Ansar Khan SoumenduChatterjee
Department ofGeography Department ofGeography
Lalbaba College Presidency University
Howrah Kolkata
India India
ISSN 2196-1212 ISSN 2196-1220 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inOceanography
ISBN978-3-319-69991-2 ISBN978-3-319-69992-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69992-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017964590
©TheAuthor(s)2018
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To our family and to all of our teachers
who imparted the importance of
personal effort and self-motivation
in the pursuit of knowledge
Preface
The present SpringerBrief in Oceanography organizes coastal risk research
framework with spatial data analysis and ground realizations, offering students,
researchers, administrators, coastal managers and policy makers a comprehensive
andsystematicfoundationsthatleadtoinsightintothebreadthandin-depthcoastal
riskassessment.Thebookcontainsintegratedchapterswhichpromoteflexibilityin
structuringtheideasofthesubjects,dependingonagroupofresearchers’needsand
interests with a case study of Sagar island, West Bengal. The text and illustration
comprise the basic approaches and techniques of coastal risk assessment, various
informationandqualitydatabankaswellasguidelinesforthelowlandwithpriority
of environment consecutively. The plan of the book is as follows:
Chapter 1 presents the concept and background of coastal risk of global and
regional scale, rationality of coastal risk assessment, techniques of risk monitoring
and assessments, risk scenarios of east coast and West Bengal coast and identifi-
cationofdifferenthazards andclimate change adaptationstrategiesineastcoastof
India.
Chapter 2 focuses on hazard analysis techniques and their environmental
impacts,hazardpotentiality,hazardseverityofcyclones,coastalflood,stormsurge,
wave action and beach erosion of Sagar island.
Chapter 3 quantifies the vulnerability and exposure to different coastal hazards.
The chapter also assesses the status of community vulnerability in coastal areas of
Sagar island through direct participatory programme with coastal dwellers.
Chapter 4 provides the deep insight into social capacity and flow of coastal
dwellers to cope with coastal hazards, vulnerability and risk. The chapter also
categorized the capacity on the basis of available community perceptions.
Chapter 5 builds the risk map on the basis of hazards, vulnerability and social
capacity in the Sagar island areas. The chapter also includes coastal risk reduction
strategies, advocacy issues, human perceptions and limitation of the assessments.
vii
viii Preface
Thus, subject materials, presented in five chapters, have been so chosen as to
give a comprehensive and systematic idea about coastal risk assessments. Many
opinionsandviewsembodiedinthebookhavesupplementedtothetextforaclear
and concise depiction of the coastal risk assessment for local, regional and global
scale.
Kolkata, India Ansar Khan
October 2017 Soumendu Chatterjee
Acknowledgements
We are particularly grateful to all those who have given physical, moral and
intellectual support in the preparation of this book. We are also thankful to many
peoples who have assisted in the field surveys in different places in different time
over two years to continue the research of coastal risk assessment.
Astheauthorsweindividuallyshoulderallresponsibilitiesforthecontents,style
and accuracy of the book, but we wish to our own institutions, departments and
colleagues for providing laboratory facilities and also for various helps in different
ways.
We are also grateful to India Meteorological Department, Pune; Geological
Survey of India, Kolkata, SD Marine Biological Research Institute, Sagar island,
for providing different information regarding coastal risk assessments.
Our deep gratitude is also extended to Prof. Ashis Kumar Paul, Department of
Geography and Environment Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore,
India, for his continuous support, motivation and sharing immense knowledge for
writing this book.
We would like to thank Dr. Nabil Khélifi, Senior Publishing Editor, Springer
NatureGroup,forhelpingintheprocessofreview,selectionandeditingofbookas
final form.
We are thankful to Mr. Ashok Arunmairaj, Project Coordinator; Book
Production,SpringerNatureGroup;withouthissupportthebookwouldneverfind
its way to the Web and to so many people who cannot read the Springer Nature
printed book.
We wish to extend our sincere thanks to our family members for their patience
and constant mental support to fulfil the project in due time.
Last but not least, we beg forgiveness of all those who have been with us over
the course of two years and whose names we have failed to mention.
Kolkata, India Ansar Khan
October 2017 Soumendu Chatterjee
ix
Contents
1 Coastal Risk: Concepts and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Rationale for Coastal Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Conceptualizing Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Techniques for Monitoring and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Bay of Bengal Coastal Region of India and Hazards . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.1 Location and Geographical Extent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.2 East Coast Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.3 Hazards and Climate Change Adaptation in East Coast . . . 12
1.6 The Coast of Sagar Island—A Case Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 Hazard Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Hazard Identification and Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Assessing Hazards and Their Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.1 Hazard Probability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.2 Hazard Severity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Case Study: The Example of Sagar Island, Sundarbans. . . . . . . . . 28
2.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3 Quantification of Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2 Exposure to Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3 Appraising Community Vulnerability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.4 Case Study: The Example of Sagar Island, Sundarbans. . . . . . . . . 52
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
xi