Table Of Content

Cumulative Index 1991 Volume 18 March CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY AND PREGNANCY, pages 1-191 June NEONATAL SEPSIS, pages 193-387 September NEWER TECHNOLOGIES AND THE NEONATE, pages 389-651 December HYPERTENSION AND PREGNANCY, pages 653-925 Note: Page numbers of issue and article titles are in boldface type Abortion, spontaneous, and substance recognition and assessment of abuse, 102- abuse, 28 103 Acetylsalicylic acid. See Aspirin. teratogenicity, 99-100 Adolescents, pregnant, and substance use, Alcohols, aliphatic, metabolism of, 94-97 125-138 Aldosterone, in normal pregnancy, 695 background information, 127-130 and renin release, 689. See also Pre- current studies, 132-133 eclampsia. future directions, 133-138 Amniotic fluid, foul smelling, and neonatal family, health care, and environmental sepsis, 364 implications, 134-135 Anemia in parvovirus B19 infection, 215- research implications, 135-136 216 past studies, 130-132 aplastic, 215 Adrenoceptors, 686 chronic, 215-216 Air leaks, high-frequency ventilation Anemometer, hot wire, 584-585 Anesthesia, for preeclampsia, 875-889 treatment, 574 in labor and delivery, 885-886 Airway pressure measurement, 585 epidural, 886 Alcohol use in pregnancy, 93-111 parenteral narcotics, 885 adverse effects, 100-101 management, 878-885 alcohol related birth defects, 100-101 epidural anesthesia, 880-881 fetal alcohol syndrome, 100 general anesthesia, 881-885 breast feeding, 104 labetalol, 884-885 counseling and prenatal care, 104-106 nitroglycerine, 884 genetic predisposition, 104—105 nitroprusside, 883-884 definitions, 93-94 trimethaphan, 884 alcohol abuse, 93 monitoring, 879-880 alcohol dependence, 94 preoperative preparation, 878-879 alcoholic beverages, 94 and pulse oximetry, 464-465 drinking patterns, 98-99 Angiography, cerebral pathology in economic implications, 104 eclampsia, 901-902 incidence, 94 Angiotensin. See Preeclampsia. metabolism of aliphatic alcohols, 94—97 Angiotensin II, in normal pregnancy, 693 serum ethanol levels, intoxication in preeclampsia, 699 symptoms, 96-97 and renin release, 687-689 911 912 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991] Angiotensin II (Continued) Biomedical technology, 389-401 sensitivity, 693-695, 699-700 guidelines, 398—400 Angiotensin converting enzyme, inhibitors, intelligent use, 398-399 853 research, 399-400 in normal pregnancy, 693 self-restraint, 399 in preeclampsia, 698-699 risks and pitfalls, 397-398 and renin release, 687 use of, 391-397 Angiotensinogen, in normal pregnancy, 692- to alleviate work load of caretakers, 693 394-395 and renin release, 687 to impress other physicians, patients, Animal models, using magnetic resonance and visitors, 397 spectroscopy, 545 to improve care and diagnostic ability, of opiate, cocaine, and cannabis use, 1-22 391-393 cannabis and delta-9—-tetrahydrocanna- to improve documentation, 395-396 binol, 12-18 and medical liability, 396—397 brain DNA, RNA, and protein, 17 Biophysical testing, antepartum fetal, 820 chemistry, 13-15 Birth defects, alcohol related, 101, 104 delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 15 and substance abuse, 27 plasma levels, 18 Blood culture, for neonatal sepsis, 366 maternal nutrition and embryotoxic- Blood flow, cerebral. See Positron emission ity, 15-16 tomography. offspring, behavior, 16-17 fetal and placental, Doppler flow veloci- growth, 16 metry, 750-751 cocaine, 8-12 Blood pressure, in hypertension and maternal-fetal physiology, 9-10 pregnancy, 846-847 neurobehavioral effects, 10-12 in preeclampsia, 728-730 neurotoxicity, 10 in pregnancy, 654-655 opiates, 2-8 Blood volume in preeclampsia, 727-728 methadone studies, 2-5 Body, electrical conductivity. See Electrical neonatal withdrawal, 5-8 conductivity, total body. Antibodies, congenital and acquired hoods. See Thermoregulation. deficiency, immunoglobulin therapy, weight and growth, and pulmonary func- 311 tion, 605 in HIV infection, 37-38, 230 Brain, DNA, RNA, and protein, cannabis Antigens, bacterial, and neonatal sepsis, effects, 17 368-369 magnetic resonance spectrum, 537-540 HIV, 37 Brainstem, auditory response, 500-506 P24, in HIV infection, 229 Breast feeding, and alcohol use, 104 Antihypertensive drugs, Doppler flow and cocaine use, legal issues, 164—165 velociinetry, 766-769 and substance abuse, 70 maternal, fetal assessment, 824-825 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and in preeclampsia, 796-799 mycoplasmal infections, 245-248 in pregnancy, 841. See also Hypertension Bunnell Life Pulse, 564-566 and pregnancy. Antithrombin III, 714-716 Apnea, obstructive, 477-478 Artifical skin. See Thermoregulation. C-reactive protein, and neonatal sepsis, Asphyxia, perinatal, and neonatal sepsis, 364 372-373 PET measurements, cerebral blood flow, Calcium, and preeclampsia, 658 556-557 Calcium channel blockers, for hypertension deoxygluccse uptake, 557 in pregnancy, 853 Aspirin, and preeclampsia, 657-658, 787— Candidiasis, neonatal, 263-280 788 congenital, 265-267 Auditory system. See Evoked potential diagnosis, 272-273 assessment of auditory system. postnatal colonization, 267—268 postnatal mucocutaneous infection, 268— 269 predisposing factors, 264-265 Baroreceptor, intrarenal, 685 systemic, in low birthweight infants, 269- Behavior, cannabis effects, 16-17 272 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 913 cardiovascular, 270 recognition and assessment of abuse, central nervous system, 270 102-103 cutaneous, 272 teratogenicity, 99-100 endophthalmitis, 270-271 animal models of opiate, cocaine, and can- gastrointestinal, 271 nabis use, 1-22 osteoarthritis, 272 cannabis and delta-9—-tetrahydrocanna- pulmonary, 269-270 binol, 12-18 urinary tract, 271 cocaine, 8—12 in term infants, 272 opiates, 2-8 treatment, 273-275 cocaine use, 113-123 Cannabis, animal models of use, 12-18 and developmental defects, 139-146 See also Marijuana use in pregnancy. background data, 139-141 Capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary, 733 prenatal effects, 141-144 Cardiac output, antihypertensive drugs, methodologic issues, 117—120 850-851 pharmacology and clinical outcome, in preeclampsia, 730-732 120-121 Cardiomyopathy, in HIV infection, 232-233 review of current studies, 113-117 Cardiorespiratory monitoring, 473-495 drug use in pregnancy, 23-32 apnea, obstructive, 477-478 detection, 25 blood gases, 476—477 management, 26-30 documented monitoring, 483-494 prevalence, 24-25 heart rate, 475-476 HIV infection, 33-50 pneumograms, 478-483 and course of HIV infection, 42-43 clinical usefulness, 479-483 detection of, 36-39 performance and analysis standards, epidemiology, 35 478-479 life cycle of HIV virus, 33-34 respiration, 474-475 management, 43—46 Cardiovascular system, aspirin effects, 788 perinatal issues, 39 candidiasis, 270 and pregnancy outcome, 41-42 of pregnant substance abuser, 26. risk of perinatal transmission, 39-4] Central nervous system, candidiasis, 270 transmission modes, 35-36 mycoplasmal infections, 249-252 legal issues, 147-186 Cerebral, blood flow, and neuronal viability historical background, 148-164 and neurologic outcome, 558 state intervention, 164—183 in perinatal asphyxia, 556-557 marijuana use, 77-91 PET measurements, intraventricular epidemiology, 77-80 hemorrhage, 555-556 infant outcome, 83-86 hypoxia-ischemia, 540-542 long-term effects on offspring, 86-87 oxygen metabolism, PET measurements, methodologic issues, 80-83 559 ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance narcotic use, 51-76 breast feeding, 70 spectroscopy, 543-545 Cerebrospinal fluid, in eclampsia, 895-896 cofactors and complications, 56-57 in neonatal sepsis, 366-367 diagnosis, 57-60 Chemical dependency and pregnancy, 1- management, 62—67 186 intrapartum, 68—69 adolescent substance use, 125-138 postpartum, 71-72 background information, 127—130 neonatal abstinence syndrome, 68—70 current studies, 132-133 neonatal withdrawal and infant out- future directions, 134-136 come, 71 past studies, 130-132 opioids, disposition and pharmacology, alcohol use, 93-111 53-54 adverse effects, 100-101 uses in pregnancy, 67-68 breast feeding, 104 teratogenicity, 54-56 counseling and prenatal care, 104-106 work-up of pregnant addict, 60-62 definitions, 93-94 Chemotherapy for herpes simplex virus fetal alcohol syndrome, 100-101 infection, 202-204 incidence, 94 Child abuse law, 154-159 metabolism of aliphatic alcohols, 94-97 Childbirth. See Legal issues, drug addiction in pregnancy, 97-99 and pregnancy. 914 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Children, long-term effects of prenatal Color or spot test, in prenatal drug marijuana exposure, 87 exposure, 632 Chorioamnionitis, 362-363 Compliance. See Pulmonary function, Chromatography, high performance liquid, measurement and monitoring. 635 Computerized tomography, cerebral thin layer, 632-634 pathology in eclampsia, 898-901 Civil intervention during pregnancy, 181- Conductive impairment, and auditory 182 brainstem response, 505 Classification, chronic hypertension in Confidentiality, maternal, 152 pregnancy, 833 child abuse law, 156-157 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 282-283 Constitutional law. See Legal issues, drug Clinicopathology of diagnosis of neonatal addiction and pregnancy. sepsis, 361-381 Corneal ulceration, fibronectin therapy, diagnostic tests, nonspecific, 369-375 328-330 acute phase reactants, 373 Cortical auditory evoked potentials, 507-509 C-reactive protein, 372-373 Counseling, alcohol use in pregnancy, 105- erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 373 106 miscellaneous tests, 373-374 for HIV infection, 236 screening tests, 375 Covariates of marijuana use during white blood cell count, 369-372 pregnancy, 83 laboratory tests, specific, 365-369 . Criminalization. See Legal issues, drug bacterial antigens, 368-369 addiction and pregnancy. blood culture, 366 Cruel and unusual punishment, 154 cerebrospinal examination and culture, Cutaneous candidiasis, 272 366-367 Cytokine therapy, 343-359 tracheal aspiration, 368 granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, urine culture, 367-368 348-349 management, 375-377 granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating asymptomatic neonate, 375-377 factor, 347-348 symptomatic neonate, 375 hematopoiesis, 346-347 risk factors, 362-365 hematopoietic colony stimulating factors, additive risks and screening scores, 364 345-346 amniotic fluid smell, 364 interleukin-3, 349-350 asphyxia, perinatal, 364 myeloid abnormalities, 344-345 male gender, 364 myeloid progenitor deficiency, 344 maternal colonization with group B neutrophil storage pools, 344-345 streptococcus, 363 neutrophil physiological function, 345 maternal urinary tract infection, 364 and neonatal host defense, 351-355 prematurity, 363-364 mature cell effector function, 353 prolonged rupture of membranes and myeloid proliferation and kinetics, 351- chorioamnionitis, 362-363 353 Coagulation, aspirin effects, 789. See also sepsis modulation, 354-355 Preeclampsia. other cytokines, 350-351 Cocaine, in pregnancy, 113-123 animal models of use, 8—12 and breast feeding, legal issues, 164-165 and developmental defects, 139-146 Data interpretation, in near-infrared background data, 139-141 spectroscopy, 525-527 prenatal effects, 141-144 respiratory mechanics measurements, methodologic issues, 117-120 604-606 comparison groups, 120 Delivery room, HIV infection, 234 environment, 119-120 pulse oximetry in, 463-464 pattern of use and dose, 118-119 Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, animal polydrug use, 117 models of use, 12-18 site of study, 118 Deoxyglucose uptake, in perinatal asphyxia, timing, 117-118 557 pharmacology of, and clinical outcome, Development, aspirin effects, 789 120-121 cerebral glucose metabolism, 558 review of current studies, 113-117 fetal vascular disruption, cocaine effects, Colloid oncotic pressure, 735-737 139-146 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 915 Diazoxide, for hypertension in pregnancy, cerebrospinal fluid pressure monitoring, 852 895-896 Diuretics, for hypertension in pregnancy, computerized tomography, 898-901 854 electroencephalogram, 896-898 DNA, brain, cannabis effects, 17 magnetic resonance imaging, 901 Documentation, and biomedical technology, pathology, 895 395-396 pathophysiology, 893-894 cardiorespiratory monitoring, 483-494 visual manifestations, 902. See also Pre- Doppler flow velocimetry, 749-778 eclampsia. antepartum fetal, 821-824 Ecology, of coagulase-negative blood flow, fetal and placental, 750-751 staphylococcal infection, 284-285 during drug therapy, 764-772 Edema, pulmonary, 737-740 antihypertensive therapy, 766-769 Electrical conductivity, total body, 611-627 labetalol, 764-766 applications, 622-624 nifedipine, 764—766 data interpretation, 617-621 in preeclampsia, 769-772 biologic meaning, 617-618 and maternal and fetal well being, 756— fat-free mass, 618-621 157 future developments, 624-625 and other fetal monitoring tests, 757-763 instrumentation, 615-616 safety of, 772 measurement precision and accuracy, as screening test, 755-756 621-622 spectrum analysis, 751-752 tissue properties and measurement the- ory, 612-615 waveforms, 751 fetal and uteroplacental, 753-754 Electroencephalogram, cerebral pathology in pathophysiology of abnormalities, 754— eclampsia, 896-898 755 Electrolytes, and renin release, 686 shaping factors, 752-753 Electrophysiology of auditory system Drugs, in pregnancy, 23-32 evaluation, 498-499 detection, 25 ELISA, of HIV infection, 230 management, 26-30 Embryopathy, in HIV infection, 232 chemical dependency, 29-30 Endocarditis, in coagulase-negative health education, 30 staphylococcal infection, 289 Endophthalmitis, 270-271 labor management, 30 Endothelium in preeclampsia, 669-671 maternal complications, 26—27 obstetrical complications, 27-29 Enterocolitis, necrotizing, 290 Environment, and cocaine use, 119-120 social services, 30 and pregnant adolescents, 134-135 prevalence, 24—25 Epidemiology, of coagulase-negative prenatal exposure, 629-645 staphylococcal infection, 283-284 laboratory tests, 631-636 of HIV infection, 35, 227 gas chromatography, 635 of marijuana use during pregnancy, 77-80 and mass spectrometry, 636 of mycoplasmal infections, 242-243 high performance liquid chromatogra- of parvovirus B19, human, 212 phy, 635 Epidural anesthesia, 880-881, 886 immunoassay, 634-635 Equal protection, legal issues, 153-154 thin layer chromatography, 632-634 Erythema infectiosum, 213-214 maternal interview, 630-631 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and specimens used, 636-643 neonatal sepsis, 373 hair, 641-643 Esophagus, pressure measurements, 585— meconium, 637-641 587 other fluids and tissues, 643 Ethanol serum levels, 96-97 urine, 636-637 Etiology of chronic hypertension in pregnancy, 833 Evoked potential assessment of auditory system, 497-518 Eclampsia, cerebral pathology, 891-910 auditory brainstem response, 500-506 diagnosis and clinical features, 891-892 automatic screening, 505-506 management, 902-907 and conductive impairment, 505 neurodiagnostic evaluation, 895—902 test stimuli, 504 angiography, 901-902 when to test, 502-503 916 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Evoked potential assessment of auditory structure-function relationships, 326-328 system (Continued) Fifth disease, 213-214 where to test, 503-504 Functional residual capacity, 602-604 case studies, 509-516 brainstem response threshold elevation with near-normal hearing, 511-514 normal ABR with cortical dysfunction, Gas chromatography, of prenatal drug 514-516 exposure, 635 transient threshold elevation, 509-511 and mass spectrometry, 636 unilateral hearing loss status post men- Gas exchange, in high-frequency ventilators, ingitis, 511 568-573 cortical auditory evoked potentials, 507— Gases, blood, in cardiorespiratory 509 monitoring, 476-477 electrophysiologic techniques, 498-499 Gastrointestinal candidiasis, 271 middle latency responses, 506 Gastrointestinal system of pregnant Exhalation, passive, 594-595 substance abuser, 27 Genetics of alcoholism, 104-105 Gestation length, marijuana effects, 85 Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital protocol, Factor VIII, in preeclampsia, 716-717 862-866 False-positive antibody tests, in HIV. Glucose metabolism, cerebral, infection, 231 developmental changes, 558 Family of pregnant adolescents, 134-135 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, 348- Fat-free mass, from total body electrical 349 conductivity, 618-621 Granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating FDA status of high-frequency ventilators, factor, 347-348 564-568 Green light, for neonatal jaundice, 427-428 Fetal alcohol syndrome, definition, 100 Growth, cannabis effects, 16 economic implications, 104 intrauterine, marijuana effects, 83-85 : incidence, 100 retardation, and substance abuse, 28-29 i Fetus, alcohol effects, 96-97 antepartum assessment, 809-832 assessment methods in hypertensive pregnancies, 825-827 Hair, in prenatal drug exposure, 641-643 biophysical testing, 820 Halogen lamp (metal halide lamp), for Doppler velocimetry of vascular system, neonatal jaundice, 428-429 821-824 Health education for pregnancy substance fetal-placental pathophysiology in hy- abuser, 30 pertension, 810-813 Heart rate, in cardiorespiratory monitoring, heart rate testing, 814-820 475-476 ! maternal antihypertensive agents, 824— fetal, 814-820 825 HELLP syndrome in preeclampsia, 803-805 | obstetric ultrasound, 813-814 Hematology, in parvovirus B19 infection, } blood flow. See Doppler flow velocimetry. 215-216 and chronic hypertension in pregnancy, Hematopoiesis, 346-347 835 Hematopoietic colony stimulating factors, coagulation, preeclampsia effects, 720 345-346 | cocaine effects, 9-10, 139-146 Hemodynamics of preeclampsia. See } legal issues. See Legal issues, drug addic- Preeclampsia. : tion and pregnancy.. Hemorrhage, intraventricular, PET parvovirus B19 infection, 217-219 measurements, 555-556 / of pregnant substance abuser, 28-29 Hepatosplenomegaly, in HIV infection, 233 risks of hypertension, 849-850 Herpes simplex virus infection, neonatal, Fibrin metabolism, 717-718 193-208 Fibronectin therapy, 325-341 antenatal screening programs, 193-196 i clinical trials, 328-334 chemotherapy, 202-204 in corneal ulceration, 328-330 determinants of disease acquisition and in multisystem organ failure, 330-334 severity, 199-202 immunotherapy in newborn infants, 335- recognition and diagnosis of, 196-199 338 HFV Infant Star ventilator, 567 CUMULATIVE INDEX 199] 917 Homicide, of unborn fetus, 163—164 screening policy, 235-236 Host factors, in coagulase-negative transmission, 228 staphylococcal infection, 285-286 treatment, 234-235 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents, 235 infection, 227-239 whom to treat, 234-235 clinical manifestations, 232-233 Humming II ventilators, 566-567 cardiomyopathy, 232-233 Hydralazine, 852 embryopathy, 232 Hypertension and pregnancy, 653-910 hepatosplenomegaly, 233 chronic, 833-844 lymphadenopathy, 233 antihypertensive drugs, 841 opportunistic, 232 control of, 836 pulmonary disease, 233 diagnosis, 833-834 recurrent or persistent infection, 233 etiology and classification, 833 sexually transmitted, 232 management, 841-843 thrush, 233 maternal and fetal risks, 835 toxicology, 232 mild hypertension, 837-840 counseling, 236 severe hypertension, 836—837 epidemiology, 227 Doppler flow velocimetry, 749-778 laboratory diagnosis, 228-232 blood flow, fetal and placental, 750-751 HIV antibodies, 230 during drug therapy, 764-772 clonally distinct antibodies, 230 and maternal and fetal well being, 756- ELISA, 230 afoal Western Blot, 230 and other fetal monitoring tests, 757— HIV assays, 228-230 763 lymphocyte p24-FCA, 230 pathophysiology of abnormalities, 754- P24 antigen, 229 755 polymerase chain reaction, 229 safety of, 772 viral culture, 228-229 as screening technique, 755-756 immunoglobulin antibodies, 230-232 spectrum analysis, 751-752 false-positive antibody tests, 231—232 waveform, 751 IgA, 231 physiologic changes, 753-754 IgG subclass, 230 shaping factors, 752-753 IgM, 230-231 eclampsia. See Eclampsia, cerebral pa- lymphocyte subclasses, 231 thology. neopterin, 232 fetus, antepartum assessment, 809-832 in vitro antibody synthesis, 231 assessment methods, 825-827 management, 236 Doppler velocimetry of maternal and postnatal acquisition, 233-234 fetal vascular systems, 821-824 cross infection, 234 fetal heart rate testing, 814-820 in delivery room, 234 fetal-placental pathophysiology, 810- milk, 233 813 needles, 234 maternal antihypertensive agents, 824— transfusion, 234 825 in pregnancy, 33-50 multiple parameter biophysical testing, and course of HIV infection, 42-43 820 detection, 36-39 obstetric ultrasound, 813-814 antibodies, 37-38 hypertensive drugs, 845-873 antigens, 37 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibi- polymerase chain reaction, 38—39 tors, 853 viral culture, 38 beneficial effects, 854-862 epidemiology, 35 chronic hypertension, 855-856 life cycle of HIV, 33-34 mild to moderate hypertension, 859- management, 43-46 860 antepartum, 44-45 one therapy, two patients, 855 intrapartum, 45 preeclampsia, 856—857 postpartum, 46 severe hypertension, 857-859 perinatal issues, 39 cardiac output alterations, 850-851 and pregnancy outcome, 41-42 labetalol, 851 transmission, 35-36 centrally acting, 850 perinatal, 39-41 methyldopa, 850 918 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Hypertension and pregnancy (Continued) infection prophylaxis protocols, 314— definition, 845-848 315 blood pressure levels, 846 therapy for sepsis, 315-318 blood pressure measurements, 846- pharmacokinetics, 312-314 847 risk factors, 308-311 causes, 848 Incubators. See Thermoregulation. diagnosis, 847-848 Infants, candidiasis, and low birthweight, types of hypertension, 845-846 269-272 diuretics, 854 in term infants, 272 fetal-placental side effects, 861 newborn, fibronectin therapy, 335-338 Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital pro- pneumonia, and mycoplasmal infections, tocol, 862-866 248 before twenty weeks or chronic hy- and prenatal marijuana use, 83-86 pertension, 862—864 Infectious disease, in pregnant substance delivery, 865 abuser, 26-27, 67. See also Sepsis, hypertensive crisis, 864-865 neonatal. postdelivery, 865 Informed consent, and neonatal drug after twenty weeks, 864 dependency, 169-170 metabolism of drugs, 860-861 Instrumentation, for near-infrared other effects, 861-862 spectroscopy, 522-525 peripheral vascular resistance, 851-853 in pulse oximetry, 454-455 calcium channel blockers, 853 for total body electrical conductivity, 615- diazoxide, 852 616 hydralazine, 852 Interleukin-3, 349-350 nitroprusside, 852 Intoxication symptoms, 98-99 potential harm, 848-850 fetal risks, 849-850 maternal risks, 848-849 new concepts, 653-659 Jaundice, neonatal. See Phototherapy for blood pressure, 654-655 neonatal jaundice. diagnosis, 654 Joint disease, parvovirus B19 infection, 214— etiology, 656 215 future, 658-659 prevention, 657-658 uteroplacental bed, 656-657 who is sick? 655-656. See also Pre- Kinetics, myeloid proliferation, 351-353 eclampsia. Hypoxia-ischemia, cerebral, 540-542 prediction of outcome, 541-542 time course of changes, 540-541 Labetalol, and Doppler flow velocimetry, 764-766 for hypertension in pregnancy, 851 in preeclampsia, 884-885 Imaging, magnetic resonance, 536 Labor and delivery, anesthesia for, 885-886 Immunity, child abuse law, 157 inhibition by aspirin, 789 Immunoassay, of prenatal drug exposure, and substance abuse, 28, 30 634-635 Lamps for phototherapy, 432-434 Immunocompromised patients, parvovirus green light, 427-428 B19 infection, 215-216 halogen, 428-429 Immunoglobulins, in HIV infection, 230- Legal issues, drug addiction and pregnancy, 232 147-186 IgA, 231 conclusions, 178-183 IgG, 230 civil intervention during pregnancy, IgM, 230-231 181-182 prophylaxis and therapy, 303-323 criminalization of prenatal conduct, in congenital and acquired antibody de- 178-181 ficiency, 311 mandatory reporting of neonatal addic- intravenous utilization, 305-308, 314— tion, 182-183 320 removal of drug-dependent infants, 183 adverse effects, 318-320 historical background, 148-164 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 child abuse law, 154-159 Magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral duty to report, common law, 158-159 pathology in eclampsia, 901 statutory, 155-157 Male gender, and neonatal sepsis, 364 failure to report, 157-158 Marijuana use in pregnancy, 77-91 constitutional law, 148-154 epidemiology, 77-80 cruel and unusual punishment, 154 patterns of use, 78-79 equal protection, 153-154 prenatal use, 79-80 fetus under 14th amendment, 148- prevalence in women of childbearing 150 age, 77-78 maternal privacy rights, 150-152 rates of use during pregnancy, 78 autonomy rights, 151-152 infant outcome, 83-86 bodily integrity, 150-151 gestation length, 85 confidentiality, 152 intrauterine growth, 83-85 parental authority, 152-153 morphological abnormalities, 85—86 religious exercise, 154 neurobehavioral characteristics, 86, 87 tort and criminal law, 159-164 offspring growth at follow-up, 86 fetus in USC 1983, 163 prenatal exposure and subsequent de- homicide, 163-164 velopment, 87 preconception torts, 162-163 methodology, 80-83 prenatal tort vs. mother, 161-162 assessment methods, 80-82 third party and prenatal injury, 159- covariate selection, 83 161 timing of assessment, 82-83 alive child, 159-160 Maternal, complications with drug use, 26- wrongful death, 160-161 27 state intervention, 164-183 cardiovascular, 26 cocaine intoxication through breast gastrointestinal, 27 feeding, 164-165 infectious disease, 26—27 court-ordered treatment, 172-174 neurologic, 26 criminalization, 175-178 nutrition, 27 arguments in favor of, 177-178 respiratory, 27 existing statutes and case law, 175- drug exposure, 630-631 177 and fetal physiology, cocaine effects, 9-10 neonatal drug dependency, 165-170 legal issues. See Legal issues, drug addic- case law, 165-167 tion and pregnancy. informed consent, 169-170 nutrition and embryotoxicity, cannabis ef- state statutes, 167-169 fects, 15-16 prenatai drug use, 170-175 opioid addiction, postpartum manage- court-ordered treatment, 172-174 ment, 71-72 fetus not a child, 170-172 parvovirus B19 infection, 216-217 Minnesota statute, 174-175 prenatal tort action, 164-165 Liability, medical, and biomedical streptococcal infection, and neonatal sep- technology, 396-397 sis, 363 Life cycle of human immunodeficiency urinary tract infection, 364 virus, 33-34 Mathematical models of PET, cerebral, 552- Lung disease, chronic, of newborn, and 554 mycoplasmal infections, 245-248 blood flow, 553 and respiratory failure, high-frequency blood volume, 553-554 ventilation, 574-576 glucose metabolism, 554 Lung inflation, during high-frequency oxygen metabolism, 554 ventilation, 571-573. See also Meconium, in prenatal drug exposure, 637- Pulmonary function, measurement and 641 monitoring. Membranes, prolonged rupture of, and Lymphadenopathy, in HIV infection, 233 neonatal sepsis, 362-363 Lymphocyte p24-FCA, 230 Meningitis, in coagulase-negative Lymphocytes, subclasses in HIV infection, staphylococcal infection, 289-290 231 and unilateral hearing loss, 511 Metabolic studies, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 542-543 Methadone maintenance, animal models, 2- Macula densa, 685 oO 920 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Methadone maintenance (Continued) Needles, and HIV infection, 234 of pregnant substance abusers, 65-66 Neonates, abstinence syndrome, 68-70 Methodology, assessment of marijuana use drug dependency, legal issues. See Legal during pregnancy, 80-83 issues. Methyldopa for hypertension in pregnancy, opiate effects, animal models of with- 850 drawal, 5-8 Middle latency responses, in neonates and subacute withdrawal, 71 infants, 506 Neopterin, in HIV infection, 232 Midtrimester severe preeclampsia, 801-803 Nerves, adrenergic, of uteroplacental bed, Milk, and HIV infection, 233 656 Minnesota legislation, pregnancy Neurobehavioral effects, cocaine effects, 10- intervention, 174-175 12 Monitoring of fetus, Doppler flow opiates, in neonates, 5-8 velocimetry, 757-763 prenatal marijuana effects, children, 87 Morphological abnormalities, and prenatal newborn, 86 marijuana, 85-86 Neurology, and cerebral blood flow and Mucocutaneous infection, in candidiasis, neuronal viability, 558 268-269 of pregnant substance abuser, 26 Mycoplasmal infections, 241-262 Neurotoxicity, animal models of cocaine use, central nervous system infections, 249- 10 252 . Neutrophils, physiological function, 345 chronic lung disease of newborn, 245-248 storage pools, 344-345 diagnosis and treatment, 256—259 Nifedipine, and Doppler flow velocimetry, epidemiology, 242-243 764-766 genital mycoplasmas, 254 in preeclampsia, 769-772 neonatal sepsis, 253-254 pathology, 254-256 Nitroglycerine, in preeclampsia, 884 pneumonia during infancy, 248 Nitroprusside, for hypertension in respiratory disease, 243-245 pregnancy, 852 congenital and neonatal pneumonia, in preeclampsia, 883-884 243-245 Nursing, and pulse oximetry, 462-463 Myeloid, neonatal, abnormalities, 344-345 Nutrition, in preeclampsia prevention, 780- proliferation and kinetics, 351-353 785 of pregnant substance abuser, 27 Narcotic use in pregnancy, 51-76 appropriate uses, 67-68 Obstetrics, and substance abuse, 27-29 breast feeding, 70 abruption, 29 cofactors and complications, 56-57 birth defects, 27 diagnosis, 57-60 fetal distress, 29 disposition and pharmacology, 53-54 intrauterine growth retardation, 28-29 management, 62—67 preterm labor, 28 abstinent addict in recovery, 66 spontaneous abortion, 28 infection surveillance, 67-68 stillbirth, 29 ! intrapartum, 68 Occlusion method, of pulmonary function methadone maintenance, 65-66 measurement, 591-595 opioid withdrawal, 62-65 Oliguria, in preeclampsia, 740-741 other therapeutic agents, 67 Opiates, animal models of use, 2-8 postpartum, 71-72 relapse, 66-67 pharmacology, 53-54. See also Narcotic substance abuse treatment, 67 use in pregnancy. neonatal abstinence syndrome, 68—70 Organ failure, multisystem, fibronectin neonatal withdrawal and infant outcome, therapy, 330-334 | 71 Osteoarthritis, and candidiasis, 272 parenteral, 885-886 Oxygen metabolism, cerebral, PET ; teratogenicity, 54-56 measurement, 559 work-up of pregnancy addict, 60-62 Oxygenation during high-frequency Near-infrared spectroscopy. See ventilation, 570-571. See also Pulse Spectroscopy, near-infrared. oximetry.