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Classification of Arcs in Small Desarguesian Projective Planes PDF

234 Pages·2012·1.22 MB·English
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Classification of Arcs in Small Desarguesian Projective Planes Classificatie van Bogen in Kleine Desarguesiaanse Projectieve Vlakken Heide Sticker Proefschriftingediendtothetbehalenvandegraadvan DoctorindeWetenschappen: Wiskunde Promotor: Prof. dr. dr. KrisCoolsaet June2012 FaculteitWetenschappen VakgroepToegepasteWiskundeenInformatica Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Preliminaries 5 2.1 FiniteField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 ProjectivePlane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 ProjectiveLine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Conic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.5 Cubiccurve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.6 Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.7 Informationongroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3 Arcswithlargeconicalsubsets 19 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2 Notationandpreliminarydefinitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 i CONTENTS 3.3 ArcsoftypeIwithexcesstwo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.4 ArcsoftypeEwithexcesstwo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.5 ArcsoftypeMwithexcesstwo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.6 ArcsoftypeIwithexcess3or4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.7 Arcswithexcessone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.8 Computerresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4 Generationof (k,2)-and (k,3)-arcs 73 4.1 Isomorph-freegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.2 Isomorph-freegenerationfor (k,3)-arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.3 Isomorph-freegenerationfor (k,2)-arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4.4 Additionalremarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 4.5 Consistencycheck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5 Results 97 5.1 Thecomplete (k,2)-arcsofPG(2,q), q 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 ≤ 5.2 Geometricformsofthecomplete (k,2)-arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 5.3 The (k,2)-arcs,notnecessarilycomplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 5.4 Thecomplete (k,3)-arcsofPG(2,q), q 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 ≤ 5.5 Regular (k,3)-arcsofPG(2,q), q 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 ≤ ii CONTENTS 5.6 The (k,2)-and (k,3)-arcs,notnecessarilycomplete . . . . . . . 128 6 Special (k,2)-arcsinPG(2,q),q 29 131 ≤ 6.1 Well-knownconstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 6.2 Somearcswithautomorphismgroup S . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 4 6.3 Somearcswithautomorphismgroup A . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 5 6.4 Special (k,2)-arcsfor q =8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.5 Special (k,2)-arcsfor q =9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 6.6 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6.7 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6.8 Special (k,2)-arcsfor q =16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 6.9 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.10 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 6.11 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 6.12 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 6.13 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 6.14 Special(k,2)-arcsfor q =29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 7 Special (k,3)-arcsinPG(2,q),q 13 167 ≤ 7.1 Somearcswithautomorphismgroup S . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 4 iii CONTENTS 7.2 (k,3)-arcsfromhalfconics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 7.3 (k,3)-arcsfromcubiccurves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 7.4 Special(k,3)-arcsfor q =7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 7.5 Special(k,3)-arcsfor q =8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 7.6 Special(k,3)-arcsfor q =9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 7.7 Special(k,3)-arcsfor q =11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 7.8 Special(k,3)-arcsfor q =13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 8 Generationof (k,2)-arcsfromconicalsubsets 199 8.1 Isomorph-freegenerationfromconicalsubsets . . . . . . . . . . 200 8.2 Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 8.3 Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Nederlandstaligesamenvatting 209 Dankwoord 215 Bibliography 219 iv

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Classification of Arcs in. Small Desarguesian Projective Planes. Classificatie van Bogen in. Kleine Desarguesiaanse Projectieve Vlakken. Heide Sticker.
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