Cities and City Planning PDF
Preview Cities and City Planning
Cities and City Planning ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT, AND PUBLIC POLICY A series of volumes under the general editorship of Lawrence Susskind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT Series Editor: Lloyd Rodwin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts CITIES AND CITY PLANNING Lloyd Rodwin THINKING ABOUT DEVELOPMENT Lisa Peattie CONSERVING AMERICA'S NEIGHBORHOODS Robert K. Yin Other subseries: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PLANNING Series Editor: Lawrence Susskind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts PUBLIC POLICY AND SOCIAL SERVICES Series Editor: Gary Marx, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Cities and City Planning Lloyd Rodwin Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts With Hugh Evans, Robert Hollister, Kevin Lynch, Michael Southworth, and Lawrence Susskind Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data Rodwin, Lloyd. Cities and city planning. (Environment, development, and public policy. Cities and development. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. New towns-Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Metropolitan areas-Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Underdeveloped areas-Regional planning-Addresses, essays, lectures. 4. City planning-Addresses, essays, lectures. 5. Cities and towns-Ad dresses, essays, lectures. 1. Title. II. Series. HT169.55.R62 307.7'6 81-13956 AACR2 ISBN 978-1-4684-1091-4 ISBN 978-1-4684-1089-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-1089-1 © 1981 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally pub1ished by P1enum Press, New York in 1981 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1s t edition 1981 AII rights reserved No part ofthis book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, ar otherwise, without written permission from the publisher To Vic, Marc, and Julie Contents PART ONE IMAGES OF THE CITY 1. The Future Metropolis: Can It Be Made More Humane? 3 2. Great and Terrible Cities 8 3. The Educative City (with Michael Southworth) 19 4. The Form of the City (with Kevin Lynch) 30 5. Images of the City in the Social Sciences (with Robert Hollister) 61 PART TWO THE METROPOLIS AND NEW COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES 6. Problems of the Metropolis: Changing Images and Realities 81 7. Conditions for a Successful New Communities Program (with Lawrence Susskind) 102 8. The New Communities Program and Why It Failed (with Hugh Evans) 115 vii viii CONTENTS PART THREE THE METROPOLIS AND CITY PLANNING IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES 9. Realism and Utopianism in City Planning: A Retrospective View 139 10. Changing Perspectives on Area Development Strategies 160 PART FOUR EDUCATIONAL DILEMMAS IN CITY PLANNING 11. Four Approaches to Urban Studies 189 12. Training City Planners in Third World Countries 210 PART FIVE CITY PLANNING: PROMISE AND REALITY 13. On the Illusions of City Planners 229 14. The Profession of City Planning 256 Acknowledgments 273 Notes 277 Index 303 PART ONE Images of the City CHAYfER ONE The Future Metropolis Can It Be Made More Humane? INTRODUCTION Some 20 years ago, a group of colleagues and I, under the aus pices of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, jointly contemplated the future metropolis. We assumed that within as short a time as 50 years, most people would live in vast met ropolitan areas, loosely linked together by facilities for communi cation and services, but increasingly interdependent for supplies, information, and transportation to and from work. Given that prospect, we sought ways to enhance the positive features of metropolitan life. We were on the whole cautiously optimistic. We agreed that the metropolis created opportunities for higher income and varied modes of living-in general, a way of life potentially healthier, more stimulating, better informed, more creative. Our papers (published in Daedalus and then as a book under the title The Future Metropolis) indicated that the present city had not achieved "anything near an optimum variety of styles of living, including an adequate range of environments with varying physical settings, activities and social groups. "1 But very few of us expressed serious doubts that we could move steadily in that direction. We were persuaded that the met ropolis, combined with the national government, had the re sources to confront problems, and would eventually develop the policies to cope with them. We agreed with the physical planners and urbanists of the last generation, who felt that we should be concerned with the socioeconomic environment as well as the physical, with what happens within cities as well as to them. We 3
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