CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE This page intentionally left blank. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE The search for healing CHRISTOPHER BAGLEY and KATHLEEN KING TAVISTOCK/ROUTLEDGE London and New York First published in 1990 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1990 Christopher Bagley and Kathleen King Laserprinted directly from the publisher’s w-p disks by NWL Editorial Services, Langport, Somerset All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Bagley, Christopher Child sexual abuse: the search for healing. 1. Children. Sexual abuse by adults I. Title II. King, Kathleen 362.7′044 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Bagley, Christopher Child sexual abuse: the search for healing/ by Christopher Bagley and Kathleen King p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Child molesting—Canada 2. Sexually abused children—Services for—Canada 3. Child molesting—United States 4. Sexually abused children—Services for—United States. I. King, Kathleen. II. Title. HQ72.C3B34 1989 88–36431 362.7′044–dc19 CIP ISBN 0-203-39259-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-39535-2 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-00605-8 (hbk.) ISBN 0-415-00606-6 (pbk.) CONTENTS List of Tables v ii About the Authors i x 1 THE MEANING OF SEXUAL ABUSE IN CHILDHOOD 1 2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 2 5 3 DEFINITIONS AND ETHICS 3 8 4 STATISTICAL DIMENSIONS 5 6 5 A COMMUNITY MODEL 7 8 6 TRAUMA TO THE CHILD VICTIM 10 5 7 HEALING OF THE CHILD SURVIVOR 13 3 8 HEALING THE FAMILY 15 7 9 HEALING OF OFFENDERS 18 2 10 HEALING OF SOCIETY 20 4 11 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 23 1 vi CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE Bibliography 24 2 Name Index 26 4 Subject Index 26 9 TABLES 4.1 Comparison of prevalence across eleven studies 7 6 4.2 Comparison of offender-victim relationships for women across five studies 77 6.1 Patterns of sequence of parental separation, parental punitiveness and sexual abuse in childhood in twenty subjects 128 6.2 Depression (in 1986–7) by combinations of childhood abuse and loss; stress (in 1986–7) and social support (in 1983) within 98 subjects reporting childhood sexual abuse129 This page intentionally left blank. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Christopher Bagley studied in England and received a D.Phil. in social psychology from the University of Sussex before emigrating to Canada to take up the Senator Patrick Burns Chair of Child Welfare at the University of Calgary. He was part of a group which established an agency for counselling sexually abused children and their families in Calgary, using methods based on the humanistic model of therapy pioneered by Hank Giarretto. He also works with Native Bands in northern Alberta in programmes designed to prevent the removal of Native children from their families and to assist the return of Native children from the care of social services to their original families. Kathleen King studied philosophy before undertaking social work training. She has extensive practice experience in Edmonton, Alberta, in the treatment and prevention of child sexual abuse, and has an M.S.W. degree from the University of Calgary. She now practises social work in rural Nova Scotia. This book was completed while Chris Bagley held a visiting fellowship in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Leeds, in 1987.