cern accelerator school vacuum technology

335 Pages·2005·7.62 MB·English

CERN 99-05
19 August 1999
XCO1F234O
ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE
C E RN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
CERN ACCELERATOR SCHOOL
VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
Scanticon Conference Centre, Snekersten, Denmark
28 May-3 June 1999
PROCEEDINGS
Editor: S. Turner
1999
© Copyright CERN, Genève, 1999
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CERN 99-05
KS002511593""""'"""""''""'"" "/H"""" 19 August 1999
R: KS
DEO13511199
XCO1F234O
ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE
C E RN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
CERN ACCELERATOR SCHOOL
VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
Scanticon Conference Centre, Snekersten, Denmark
28 May-3 June 1999
PROCEEDINGS
Editors: S. Turner
GENEVA
1999
CERN-Service ^information scientifique-RD/993-1800-aout 1999
Ill
*DEO13 ::
ABSTRACT
These proceedings present the lectures given at the twelfth specialized course organized by
the CERN Accelerator School (CAS), the topic this time being 'Vacuum Technology'.
Despite the importance of vacuum technology in the design and operation of particle
accelerators at CERN and at the many other accelerators already installed around the world,
this was the first time that CAS has organized a course devoted entirely to this topic. Perhaps
this reflects the facts that vacuum has become one of the more critical aspects of future
accelerators, and that many of the pioneers in the accelerator field are being replaced by new,
younger personnel. The lectures start with the basic concepts of the physics and technology of
vacuum followed by detailed descriptions of the many different types of gas-pumping devices
and methods to measure the pressures achieved. The outgassing characteristics of the different
materials used in the construction of vacuum systems and the optimisation of cleaning
methods to reduce this outgassing are then explained together with the effects of the residual
gases on the particle beams. Then follow chapters on leak detection, materials and vacuum
system engineering. Finally, seminars are presented on designing vacuum systems, the history
of vacuum devices, the LHC (large hadron collider) vacuum system, vacuum systems for
electron storage rings, and quality assurance for vacuum. I
Niels Bohr Institute
CERN Accelerator School
course on
Vacuum Technology
Scanticon Conference Centre ;
Borupgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark | :,-.•
28 May-3 June 1999
For students and staff in laboratories, universities and
manufacturers of particle accelerators and other large
vacuum systems.
information, scholarship and application forms from;
CERN Accelerator School E-mail: Su*anne.vonAVartburg©cerrt.Ch
CH-1211 Geneva 23 Web: http-7/www.cern.ch/Schools/CAS/
Switzerland Fax: [phone]^0
Sponsors: fl*j QANFYSIK
VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
Scanticon Borupgaard Conference Centre, 28 May - 3 June 1999
Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Time
28 May 29 May 30 May 31 May 1 June 2 June 3 June
BREAKFAST
09.00 Introduction to Outgassing I Outgassing II Outgassing III Engineering Leak detection
vacuum physics (physics) (static (dynamic II
outgassing) outgassing)
10.00 N. Marquardt J. de Segovia K. Jousten O. Grobner L. Westerberg N. Hilleret
COFFEE E BREAK
10.10 Pumps I Materials Cleaning I Engineering I Vacuum Extreme high
(mechanical) controls and vacuum
V
X operation
11.10 N. Hilleret E. Huttel R. Reid L. Westerberg D. Schmied P. Redhead
LUNCH c • COFFEE
11.30 Pressure Pumps II Pumps III Pumps IV Beam "The best laid
measurement I (ion-pumps) (getters) u (cryo-pumps) residual gas schemes..."
(total) interactions I
(lifetime
effects)
R
12.30 Ch. Edelmann L Schulz C. Benvenuti C. Benvenuti S. Pape L. Westerberg
M0ller
TEA S LUNCH;.
14.30 Seminar Pressure Pressure Cleaning II Beam
Designing Measurement Measurement residual gas
T
Accelerator II III interactions II
vacuum systems (ionisation (partial (neutralisatio
gauges) pressure) o effects)
15.30 P. Marin K. Jousten J.H. Leek R. Reid A. Poncet
Welcome Reception TEA ,.
N
16.00 Seminar Seminar Seminar Seminar
History LHC Vacuum Quality
of vacuum Vacuum * system Assurance
devices system for electron for vacuum
storage rings
17.00 P. Redhead O. Grobner D. Kraemer R. Reid
20.00 EVENING MEAL BANQUET MEAL
Participants and setting of the Vacuum Technology course at Snekersten, Denmark, 1999
Vll
FOREWORD
The aim of the CERN Accelerator School to collect, preserve and disseminate the knowledge
accumulated in the world's accelerator laboratories applies not only to accelerators and
storage rings, but also to their related sub-systems, equipment and technologies. This wider
aim is being achieved by means of the specialized courses listed in the Table below. The latest
of these was on the topic of Vacuum Technology, held at the Scanticon Conference Centre,
Snekersten, Denmark, from 28 May to 3 June 1999, its proceedings forming the present
volume.
Over the last few years vacuum technology has made great strides forward and has become of
immeasurable importance. Industry currently uses ultra-high vacuum in many production
processes while the more recently achievable extreme high vacuum is necessary for the
simulation of interstellar space and in the processing of sophisticated semiconductor devices,
and particularly in the field of particle accelerators and storage rings. Therefore it was felt to
be the appropriate moment to design a course where the many facets of technology required to
produce and measure the different degrees of vacuum could be brought together into a logical
sequence. Naturally, with so much progress having been made in the accelerator field, it was
clear that accelerator rerquirements should form the backbone of the course especially since
the techniques used there are applicable in most other research institutes and in industry. The
resulting series of lectures and seminars was presented at the course and written-up for the use
of the present and future workers in this discipline.
Organization of this course and the production of its proceedings relied very heavily on the
help and encouragement CAS received from many Institutes, Companies and individuals. In
particular we wish to acknowledge the help of J.D. Hansen and H. Vedel of the Niels Bohr
Institute, K.N. Henrichsen of CERN as well as Director Prof. Ove Poulsen for his lively and
provocative opening talk. Financial support in the form of scholarships from UNESCO,
NORFA, SNF/HEP and Danfysik was also most appreciated along with the generous budget
made available by the CERN Management. The CAS Advisory, Programme and Local
Organizing Committees also deserve sincere thanks for the guidance and attention to detail
that ensured the great success of this course. The efficient and friendly service provided by the
staff of the Scanticon Conference Centre made our stay there most enjoyable as well as
educative. However the greatest effort was made by the course lecturers in preparing and
presenting the various topics as well as writing the chapters of these proceedings. Not only the
participants at the course but also all those who will use these proceedings in the future owe
them a great mark of gratitude. Last, but certainly not least, the attendance and keenness of
the participants from so many parts of the world made the efforts made for them so
worthwhile and we thank them most warmly.
S. Turner
Editor