Census of agriculture

2012·16.6 MB·English

by  United States.National Agricultural Statistics Service

1
CENSUS
of
2012
AGRICULTURE
Hawaii
and County Data
State
Volume 1 • Geographic Area Series • Part 11
AC-1 2-A-1
Issued May 2014
United States Department of Agriculture
Tom
Vilsack, Secretary
National Agricultural Statistics Service
Cynthia Z.F. Clark, Administrator
Acknowledgments
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducted the 2012 Census of
Agriculture, analyzed the data, and prepared this and other reports. The census provides a comprehensive picture of
American agriculture in 2012, and NASS recognizes and appreciates that many individuals and organizations contributed
to the effort.
Most importantly, the success of the agriculture census depends directly on the cooperation of farmers and ranchers across
the country. Recognizing that participating in the census is their responsibility and gives them a voice in their future,
agricultural producers took the time to provide the information requested. We are grateful to every producer who
participated in the 2012 Census of Agriculture.
Also essential were the many partners who communicated about the census and encouraged producers to respond. Farm
organizations, stakeholder groups, agricultural media, community-based organizations, and land grant and other
universities helped to build awareness of the census and its importance to producers, their communities, and U.S.
We
agriculture as a whole. appreciate their help in reaching all kinds of agricultural operations, thereby ensuring a
comprehensive census.
USDA
Various agencies and State departments of agriculture provided valuable advice during the planning, data
collection, and processing phases of the census, as well as critical assistance at the local level to farmers and ranchers
completing census forms. Our thanks to them and to the enumerators who collected data locally through NASS’
cooperative agreement with the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture.
Members of the Advisory Committee on Agriculture Statistics offered advice on census questions, as well as their strong
and consistent support and thoughtful recommendations for census and other programs. Representatives of public and
private organizations provided input as well.
Finally, we acknowledge and appreciate the support services of the U.S. Department of Commerce National Processing
Center in Jeffersonville, Indiana.
To learn more about the Census of Agriculture, visit www.agcensus.usda.gov where you can access new and historic data
,
through the Quick Stats database. To learn about other NASS reports and activities, visit www.nass.usda.gov You can
.
also send an inquiry to [email protected] or call [phone].
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color,
national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual
orientation, or all or part ofan individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, orprotected genetic information in employment or in any program or
activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.)
To file a complaint of discrimination, write to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; by fax at [phone]; or by email at [email protected] If you require alternative means of communication for program
.
information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) please contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice and TDD).
Contents
Page
Introduction VII
Map
United States 1
FIGURES
1 Profile ofthe State’s Agriculture 2
.
2. Farms by Size 3
3. Farms by Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold 3
4. Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold 4
5. Average Market Value per Farm 4
6. Selected Farm Production Expenses 5
7. Selected Farm Production Expenses - Percent of Total 5
-
8. Farms by Legal Status Percent of Total 6
-
9. Principal Operator by Primary Occupation Percent of Total 6
TABLES
CHAPTER
1. State Data
1. Historical Highlights: 2012 and Earlier Census Years 7
2. Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold Including Landlord’s Share and Direct
Sales: 2012 and 2007 9
3. Economic Class of Farms by Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold and
Government Payments: 2012 and 2007 10
4. Farm Production Expenses: 2012 and 2007 11
5. Net Cash Farm Income of the Operations and Operators: 2012 and 2007 14
6. Federal Government Payments and Commodity Credit Corporation
Loans: 2012 and 2007 15
7. Income From Farm-Related Sources: 2012 and 2007 15
8. Land: 2012 and 2007 16
9. Land in Farms, Harvested Cropland, and Irrigated Land, by Size of Farm: 2012
and 2007 17
10. Irrigation: 2012 and 2007 17
11. Selected Characteristics of Irrigated and Nonirrigated Farms: 2012 and 2007 18
-
12. Cattle and Calves Inventory: 2012 and 2007 19
-
13. Cattle and Calves Sales: 2012 and 2007 19
14. Cattle and Calves Herd Size by Inventory and Sales: 2012 20
15. Cow Herd Size by Inventory and Sales: 2012 20
16. Beef Cow Herd Size by Inventory and Sales: 2012 20
2012 Census of Agriculture CONTENTS
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Page
17. Milk Cow Herd Size by Inventory and Sales: 2012 21
18. Cattle and Calves - Number Sold Per Farm by Sales: 2012 21
19. Hogs and Pigs - Inventory: 2012 and 2007 21
20. Hogs and Pigs - Sales: 2012 and 2007 22
21. Hogs and Pigs Herd Size by Inventory and Sales: 2012 22
22. Hogs and Pigs - Inventory and Sales by Number Sold Per Farm: 2012 22
23. Hogs and Pigs - Inventory by Type of Producer: 2012 22
24. Hogs and Pigs - Number Sold by Type of Producer: 2012 23
25. Hogs and Pigs - Inventory by Type of Operation: 2012 23
26. Hogs and Pigs - Number Sold by Type of Operation: 2012 23
27. Sheep and Lambs - Inventory, Wool Production, and Number Sold: 2012 and 2007 23
28. Sheep and Lambs - Inventory, Wool Production, and Sales by Size of
Flock: 2012 24
29. Ewes 1 Year Old or Older - Inventory, Wool Production, and Sales by Size of
Ewe Flock: 2012 24
-
30. Goats, Kids, and Mohair Inventory, Mohair Production, and Sales: 2012 and 2007 24
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31. Equine Inventory and Sales: 2012 24
32. Poultry - Inventory and Number Sold: 2012 and 2007 25
33. Aquaculture Sales: 2012 and 2007 25
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34. Other Animals and Animal Products Inventory: 2012 and 2007 26
35. Other Animals and Animal Products - Sales: 2012 and 2007 26
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36. Specified Crops Harvested Yield per Acre Irrigated and Nonirrigated: 2012 26
37. Specified Crops by Acres Harvested: 2012 and 2007 27
38. Vegetables, Potatoes, and Melons Harvested for Sale: 2012 and 2007 28
39. Specified Fruits and Nuts by Acres: 2012 and 2007 29
40. Berries by Acres: 2012 and 2007 29
41. Nursery, Greenhouse, Floriculture, Sod, Mushrooms, Vegetable Seeds, and
Propagative Materials Grown for Sale: 2012 and 2007 30
42. Woodland Crops: 2012 and 2007 31
43. Grain Storage Capacity: 2012 and 2007 31
44. Farms by Concentration of Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold: 2012 32
45. Commodities Raised and Delivered Under Production Contracts: 2012 and 2007 33
46. Value of Land and Buildings: 2012 and 2007 33
47. Value of Machinery and Equipment on Operation: 2012 and 2007 33
48. Selected Machinery and Equipment on Operation: 2012 and 2007 33
49. Fertilizers and Chemicals Applied: 2012 and 2007 34
50. Land Use Practices by Size of Farm: 2012 34
5 1 Selected Characteristics of Farms by North American Industry Classification
.
System: 2012 35
52. Energy: 2012 35
53. Institutional, Research, Experimental, and American Indian Reservation
Farms: 2012 and 2007 36
54. Organic Agriculture: 2012 36
55. Selected Operator Characteristics for Principal, Second, and Third Operator: 2012 37
56. Women Principal Operators - Selected Farm Characteristics: 2012 and 2007 38
Women -
57. Operators Selected Operator Characteristics: 2012 and 2007 39
IV CONTENTS 2012 Census of Agriculture
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Page
58. Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino Origin Principal Operators - Selected Farm
Characteristics: 2012 and 2007 40
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59. Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino Origin Operators Selected Operator Characteristics:
2012 and 2007 41
60. Selected Farm Characteristics by Race of Principal Operator: 2012 and 2007 42
61. Selected Farm Characteristics by Race: 2012 46
62. Selected Principal Operator Characteristics by Race: 2012 and 2007 48
63. Selected Operator Characteristics by Race: 2012 49
64. Summary by Size of Farm: 2012 50
65. Summary by Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold: 2012 74
66. Summary by Combined Government Payments and Market Value of Agricultural
Products Sold: 2012 98
67. Summary by Legal Status for Tax Purposes: 2012 122
68. Summary by North American Industry Classification System: 2012 146
69. Summary by Age and Primary Occupation of Principal Operator: 2012 172
70. Summary by Tenure of Principal Operator and by Operators on Farm: 2012 196
CHAPTER County Data
2.
1. County Summary Highlights: 2012 208
2. Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold Including Direct Sales: 2012 and 2007 210
Farm Production Expenses: 2012 and 2007 212
3.
4. Net Cash Farm Income of the Operations and Operators: 2012 and 2007 213
5. Federal Government Payments and Commodity Credit Corporation
Loans: 2012 and 2007 213
6. Income From Farm-Related Sources: 2012 and 2007 214
7. Hired Farm Labor - Workers and Payroll: 2012 215
8. Farms, Land in Farms, Value of Land and Buildings, and Land Use: 2012 and 2007 216
9. Harvested Cropland by Size of Farm and Acres Harvested: 2012 and 2007 218
10. Irrigation: 2012 and 2007 219
-
11. Cattle and Calves Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 220
—
12. Hogs and Pigs Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 223
13. Sheep and Lambs - Inventory, Wool Production, and Sales: 2012 and 2007 224
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14. All Goats Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 224
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15. Milk Goats Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 224
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16. Angora Goats Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 225
17. Meat Goats - Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 225
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18. Equine Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 225
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19. Poultry Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 226
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20. Miscellaneous Poultry Inventory and Sales: 2012 and 2007 227
21. Colonies of Bees - Inventory and Honey Sales: 2012 and 2007 228
22. Aquaculture Sales: 2012 and 2007 229
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23. Miscellaneous Livestock and Animal Specialties Inventory and Sales:
2012 and 2007 230
24. Selected Crops Harvested: 2012 231
25. Field Crops: 2012 and 2007 233
2012 Census of Agriculture CONTENTS V
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Page
26. Field Seeds, Grass Seeds, Hay, Forage, and Silage: 2012 and 2007 234
27. Other Crops: 2012 and 2007 235
28. Land Used for Vegetables and Vegetables Harvested for Sale: 2012 and 2007 236
29. Vegetables, Potatoes, and Melons Harvested for Sale: 2012 and 2007 237
30. Land in Orchards: 2012 and 2007 243
31. Fruits and Nuts: 2012 and 2007 244
32. Land in Berries: 2012 and 2007 248
33. Berries: 2012 and 2007 248
34. Nursery, Greenhouse, Floriculture, Sod, Mushrooms, Vegetable Seeds, and
Propagative Materials Grown for Sale: 2012 and 2007 249
35. Cut Christmas Trees: 2012 and 2007 251
36. Short Rotation Woody Crops: 2012 and 2007 252
37. Maple Syrup: 2012 and 2007 252
38. Grain Storage Capacity: 2012 and 2007 252
39. Commodities Raised and Delivered Under Production Contracts: 2012 252
40. Machinery and Equipment on Operation: 2012 and 2007 253
41. Fertilizers and Chemicals Applied: 2012 and 2007 254
42. Organic Agriculture: 2012 255
43. Selected Practices: 2012 255
44. Farms by North American Industry Classification System: 2012 255
45. Selected Operation and Operator Characteristics: 2012 and 2007 256
46. Women Principal Operators - Selected Farm Characteristics: 2012 258
Women
47. Operators: 2012 258
Women -
48. Principal Operators Tenure: 2012 258
49. Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino Origin Operators: 2012 258
50. American Indian or Alaska Native Operators: 2012 259
51. Asian Operators: 2012 260
52. Black or African American Operators: 2012 260
53. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Operators: 2012 261
54. White Operators: 2012 261
55. Operators Reporting More Than One Race: 2012 261
APPENDICES
A. Census of Agriculture Methodology A-l
B. General Explanation and Census of Agriculture Report Form B-l
Index Index
1
Publication Program Inside back cover
VI CONTENTS 2012 Census of Agriculture
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Introduction
HISTORY agriculture being conducted in 1925, 1935, and
1945. The agriculture census continued to be taken
The 2012 Census of Agriculture is the 28th Federal as part of the decennial census through 1950. From
census of agriculture and the fourth conducted by the 1954 to 1974, the census was taken for the years
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National ending in 4 and 9. In 1976, Congress changed the 5-
Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). The U.S. year data collection cycle to years ending in 2 and 7
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census to coincide with other economic censuses. That 5-
conducted the census of agriculture for 156 years year cycle continues to this day.
(1840-1996). The 1997 Appropriations Act
USES OF CENSUS DATA
contained a provision that transferred the
responsibility for the census of agriculture to NASS.
The census of agriculture provides a detailed picture
The history of collecting data on U.S. agriculture of U.S. farms and ranches every five years. It is the
dates back as far as President George Washington, only source of uniform, comprehensive agricultural
who kept meticulous statistical records describing data for every State and county or county equivalent.
his own and other farms. In 1791, President Census of agriculture data are routinely used by farm
Washington wrote to farmers requesting information organizations, businesses, State departments of
on land values, crop acreages, crop yields, livestock agriculture, elected representatives and legislative
prices, and taxes. Washington compiled the results bodies at all levels of government, public and private
on an area extending roughly 250 miles from north sector analysts, the news media, and colleges and
to south and 100 miles from east to west which today universities. The data are frequently used to:
lies in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West
Virginia, and the District of Columbia, where most • Show the importance and value of agriculture at
of the young country’s population lived. In effect, the county, state, and national levels;
Washington’s inquiry was an attempt to fulfill the
need for sound agricultural data for a nation that was • Provide agricultural news media and agricultural
heavily reliant on the success of agriculture. Such associations’ benchmark statistics for stories and
informal inquiries worked while the Nation was articles on U.S. agriculture and the foods we
young, but were insufficient as the country produce;
expanded.
• Compare the income and costs of production;
In 1839, Congress appropriated $1,000 for “carrying
out agricultural investigations, and procuring • Provide important data about the demographics
agricultural statistics.’' The first agriculture census and financial well being of producers;
was taken in 1840 as part of the sixth decennial
census of population. As the country expanded and • Evaluate historical agricultural trends to
agriculture evolved, the decade between censuses formulate farm and rural policies and develop
became too long an interval to capture the changes in programs that help agricultural producers;
agricultural production. After the 1920 census, the
census interval was changed to every five years • Allocate local and national funds for farm
resulting in a separate mid-decade census of programs, e.g. extension service projects,
2012 Census of Agriculture INTRODUCTION VII
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
agricultural research, soil conservation programs, The current definition was first used for the 1974
and land-grant colleges and universities; Census of Agriculture and has been used in each
subsequent agriculture census. This definition is
USDA
• Identify the assets needed to support agricultural consistent with the definition used for current
production such as land, buildings, machinery, surveys. The farm definition used for each U.S.
and other equipment; territory varies. The report for each territory
includes a discussion of its farm definition.
• Create an extensive database of information on
uncommon crops and livestock and the value of
DATA COMPARABILITY
those commodities for assessing the need to
develop policies and programs to support those
commodities; Most data are comparable between the 2012 and
A
2007 censuses. few changes were made to the
• Provide geographic data on production so 2012 census that affect comparability for some data
agribusinesses will locate near major production items. See Appendix B, General Explanation and
areas for efficiencies for both producers and Census of Agriculture Report Form, Data Changes
agribusinesses; for a detailed discussion of these changes. Dollar
figures are expressed in current dollars and have not
• Measure the usage of modem technologies such been adjusted for inflation or deflation. In general,
as conservation practices, organic production, data for censuses since 1974 are not fully
renewable energy systems, internet access, and comparable with data for 1969 and earlier censuses
specialized marketing strategies; due to changes in the farm definition.
• Develop new and improved methods to increase
REFERENCE PERIOD
agricultural production and profitability;
Reference periods for the 2012 Census of
• Plan for operations during drought and
Agriculture were similar to those used in the 2007
emergency outbreaks of diseases or infestations
Census of Agriculture. Reference periods used were:
of pests.
• Crop production is measured for the calendar
AUTHORITY year, except for a few crops such as avocados,
citrus, and olives for which the production year
The 2012 Census of Agriculture is required by law overlaps the calendar year. See Appendix B,
under the “Census of Agriculture Act of 1997,” General Explanation and Census of Agriculture
Public Law 105-113 (Title 7, United States Code, Report Form for details.
Section 2204g). The law directs the Secretary of
Agriculture to conduct a census of agriculture every • Livestock, poultry, and machinery and equipment
fifth year. The census of agriculture includes each inventories, market value of land and buildings,
State, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and grain storage capacity are measured as of
the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, December 3 1 of the census year.
and American Samoa.
• Crop and livestock sales, other farm-related
income, direct sales income, income from federal
FARM DEFINITION farm programs, Commodity Credit Corporation
loans, Conservation Reserve, Farmable Wetlands,
The census definition of a farm is any place from Conservation Reserve Enhancement, and
which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were Wetlands Reserve Program participation, farm
produced and sold, or normally would have been expenses, chemical and fertilizer use, irrigated
sold, during the census year. The definition has acreage, and hired farm labor data are measured
changed nine times since it was established in 1850. for the calendar year.
VIII INTRODUCTION 2012 Census of Agriculture
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
TABLES AND APPENDICES
number of farms reporting an item is not considered
confidential information and is provided even though
Chapter 1. Table 1 shows State-level historical data other information is withheld.
through the 1982 census and tables 2 through 63
show detailed State-level data usually accompanied
by historical data from the 2007 census. Tables 64 SPECIAL EFFORTS DIRECTED AT
through 70 show detailed State-level data cross- MINORITIES
tabulated by several categories for the 2012 census
NASS
only. implemented several activities to improve
coverage of minority farm operators. These activities
Chapter 2. County-level data are presented in 55 included, but were not limited to:
tables in 2 different table formats - county and
county summary. Most tables include 2007 historical • Obtaining mail lists from organizations likely to
data. County tables include general data for all contain names and addresses of minority farm
counties within the State. The county names are operators;
listed in alphabetical order in the column headings.
County summary tables provide comprehensive data • Conducting pre-census promotion activities that
for all counties reporting a data item. targeted women, American Indian and Alaska
Native, Black and African American, and
Appendix A. Provides information about data Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino origin farm
collection and data processing activities and operators;
discusses the statistical methodology used in
A
conducting and evaluating the census. Table • Special emphasis was placed on collecting data
summarizes coverage, nonresponse, and from individual operators on American Indian
misclassification adjustment for selected items for reservations in three States.
the State. Table B provides reliability estimates of
State totals for selected items. Table C summarizes
coverage, nonresponse, and misclassification SPECIAL STUDIES AND CUSTOM
adjustment for selected items at the county level. TABULATIONS
D
Table provides total number of American Indian
or Alaska Native farm operators both on and off Special studies such as the 2013 Farm and Ranch
reservations by county. Irrigation Survey and the 2013 Census of
Aquaculture are part of the census program and
Appendix B. Includes definitions of specific terms provide supplemental information to the 2012
and phrases used in this publication, including items Census of Agriculture in the respective subject area.
in the publication tables that carry the note "see Results are published on the internet.
text." It also provides facsimiles of the report form
and instruction sheet used to collect data. Custom-designed tabulations may be developed
when data are not published elsewhere. These
tabulations are developed to individual user
RESPONDENT CONFIDENTIALITY
specifications on a cost-reimbursable basis and
shared with the public. Quick Stats, NASS’s online
In keeping with the provisions of Title 7 of the database that allows data users to build customized
United States Code, no data are published that would queries, should be investigated before requesting a
disclose information about the operations of an custom tabulation.
individual farm or ranch. All tabulated data are
subjected to an extensive disclosure review prior to All special studies and custom tabulations are subject
Any
publication. tabulated item that identifies data to a thorough disclosure review prior to release to
reported by a respondent or allows a respondent’s prevent the disclosure of any individual respondent
data to be accurately estimated or derived, was data. Requests for custom tabulations can be
suppressed and coded with a ‘D\ However, the submitted via the internet from the NASS home
2012 Census of Agriculture INTRODUCTION IX
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
page, by mail, or by e-mail to: (H) Coefficient of variation is greater than
or equal to 99.95 percent or the standard
DataLab error is greater than or equal to 99.95
National Agricultural Statistics Service percent of mean.
Room 6436A, Stop 2054
1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. (L) Coefficient of variation is less than
-
Washington, D.C. 20250 2054 0.05 percent or the standard error
or is less than 0.05 percent of the mean.
[email protected]
(IC) Independent city.
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS (NA) Not available.
The following abbreviations and symbols are used (X) Not applicable.
throughout the tables:
(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.
Represents zero.
cwt Hundredweight.
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for
individual farms. sq ft Square feet.
X INTRODUCTION 2012 Census of Agriculture
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service