Cellular Biology and Pharmacology of the Placenta: Techniques and Applications

609 Pages·1987·58.775 MB·English

by  Richard Miller

Traphoblast Research
2
VOLUME
CELLULAR BIOLOGY AND
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE
PLACENTA
Techniques and Applications
Trophoblast Research
Series Editors
Richard K. Millerand Henry A. Thiede
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York
Volume 1 FETAL NUTRITION, METABOLISM, AND IMMUNOLOGY
The Role of the Placenta
Edited by Richard K. Millerand Henry A. Thiede
Volume 2 CELLULAR BIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF THE
PLACENTA
Techniques and Applications
Edited by Richard K. Millerand Henry A. Thiede
Forthcoming
Volume 3 PLACENTAL VASCULARIZATION AND BLOOD FLOW
Basic Research and Clinical Applications
Edited by Peter Kaufmann and Richard K. Miller
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation orderwill bring delivery of each new
volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further informa
tion please contact the publisher.
Traphoblast Research
2
VOLUME
CELLULAR BIOLOGY AND
PHARMACOLOGY OF TH E
PLACENTA
Techniques and Applications
Edited by
Richard K. Miller and
Henry A. Thiede
Umvers1ty of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cellular biology and pharmacology of the placenta.
(Trophoblast research; v. 2)
"Derived from the Tenth Rochester Trophoblast Conference, held October 8-10, 1985, in
Rochester, New York" T.p. verso.
lncludes bibliographies and index.
1. Placenta-Congresses. 2. Placenta-Effect of drugs on-Congresses. 3. Cytology
Congresses. 1. Miller, Richard K. (Richard Kermit), date. 11. Thiede, Henry A. III. Rochester
Trophoblast Conference (10th: 1985) IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Planceta-drug effects-congress
es. 2. Placenta-metabolism-congresses. W1 TR877 v.2/WQ 212 C393 1985]
QP281.C45 1987 612'.63 87-6934
ISBN 978-1-4757-1938-3 ISBN 978-1-4757-1936-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1936-9
Derived from the Tenth Rochester Trophoblast Conference,
held October 8-10, 1985, in Rochester, New York
© 1987 Spnnger Sc1ence+Bus1ness Med1a New York
Ong1nally publlshed by Un1vers1ty of Rochester 1n 1987
Softcover repnnt of the hardcover 1s t ed1t1on 1987
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
TROPHOBLASTRESEARCH
Trophoblast Research publishes contributions concerning the placenta and the
extraembryonie membranes as they relate to embryonie and fetal development and to
trophoblastic neoplasia. Original articles, reviews and reports are published in single
bound volumes. All articles are peer-reviewed.
EDITORS
Richard K. Miller Henry A. Thiede
Rochester, New York Rochester, New York
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Robert Benveniste Arnold Klopper
Chicago, lllinois Aberdeen, Scotland
Robert L. Brent John L. Lewis
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York, New York
Carolyn Coulam Lawrence D. Longo
Indianapolis, lndiana Loma Linda, California
Joseph Dancis John McCoshen
New York, New York Winnipeg, Canada
Lennart Dencker Maurice Panigel
Uppsala, Sweden Paris, France
W. Page Faulk Ronald Patillo
Indianapolis, Indiana Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Harold Fox Elizabeth M. Ramsey
Manchester, England Washington, DC
Peter J ohnson Henning Schneider
Liverpool, England Zürich, Switzerland
Mont R. Juchau Hans P. van Dijk
Seattle, Washington Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Peter Kaufmann Claude A. Viilee
Hamburg, FR Germany Boston, Massachusetts
Bruce J. Kelman Tzuneng W ang
R ichland, Washington Canton, China
Ralph M. Wynn
Miami, Florida
The Editorial Office for Trophoblast Research:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University ofRochester, School ofMedicine and Dentistry,
601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, USA 14642
716-275-3638
PAST ROCHESTER TROPHOBLAST
CONFERENCES
MODERATORS
First Conference 1961 Artbur T. Hertig
Ernest Witebsky
Second Conference 1963 Rupert Billingham
Jack Davies
Third Conference 1965 Donald H. Barron
Claude A. Viilee
Fourth Conference 1967 Roy Hertz
Ralph M. Wynn
Fifth Conference 1969 E. J. Quilligan
Kenneth Ryan
Sixth Conference 1971 Donald L. Hutehinsan
Frederick P. Zuspan
Seventh Conference 1977 GriffRoss
Ralph M. Wynn
STATEOFTHEARTSPEAKERS
Eighth Conference 1980 W. Page Faulk
Maurice Panigel
Ninth Conference 1982 Arnold Klopper
Claude A. Viilee
Myron Winick
Tenth Conference 1985 Ross Berkowitz
Peter Johnson
Ylont R. Juchau
Frank Young
PREFACE
This volume is the second in the series, Trophoblast Research and the tenth
report from the Rochester Trophoblast Conferences. Twenty-five years ago Curtis
Lund and Henry Thiede held the First Rochester Conference. During the succeeding
years, the University of Rochester has had the pleasure of welcoming both basic and
clinical scientists who have brought their most exciting, challenging and novel
observations concerning all aspects of the placenta to Rochester. Such innovative
research has been the foundation for the presentations at the Tenth Conference. As
the years have passed, the science oftrophoblast research has broadened in range and
increased in depth. This is also true of the participants at the Tenth Conference. Two
dozen scientists attended in 1961; 179 participants from 15 countries and 22 states
were present at the Rochester Hilton from October 8-10, 1985. The diversity of
presentations in plenary sessions, posters and workshops represents the multiple
backgrounds and training of those scientists who devoted their attention to the
critical issues of implantation; biochemistry and physiology of trophoblast function;
and technics for studying such tissue function and the richness of materials for
comparative species investigation. Note that in Volume 1, Ralph Wynn (1984)
reviewed the history ofthe Rochester Conferences.
The theme for the Tenth Conference was the Ce II Biology and Pharmacology of
the Placenta. Presentations encompassed all aspects of current scientific study from
the molecular biology of trophoblastic neoplasia to methods for altering recurrent
spontaneous pregnancy loss. Because of the increased size of the program, the reader
will note that the recorded discussion is not included. However, many of the issues
raised during the discussions have been incorporated into the text from each
contribution. Unfortunately, not all eighty presentations could be included in this
volume. The reader is referred to the abstract booklet from the Tenth Rochester
Trophoblast Conference for a description of the other equally provocati ve and exciting
presentations.
Included during the conference were workshops emphasizing technics by which
one can investigate the trophoblast. Six workshops were held of which three are
summarized in the volume. The other three workshops on Receptors (Leaders:
Carolyn Coulam, Peter Johnson and Howard Sussman); on Pharmacokinetics
(Leaders: David Manchester and John Young); and on Chorionic Villus Biopsy
(Leader: Laird Jackson) were intense and educational for all in attendance. However,
these sessions were perceived by the session Ieaders not to produce new data or
technics, and therefore these reports were not included. The reader is referred to the
workshop reports on Tissue Culture of Trophoblast (Leaders: Robert Hussa and
Charles Loke), Technics in Placental Perfusions in Experimental Animals (Leaders:
Bruce Kelman and Bernard van Kreel) and Human Placental Perfusions (Leaders:
Joseph Dancis and Henning Schneider) where new information has been reported.
The state of the art in any area of science is but a fleeting moment in time.
However, Mont Juchau, Ross Berkowitz and Peter Johnson brought enthusiasm and
encouragement as weil as the latest knowledge in the disciplines of xenobiotic and
steroid enzyme regulation, immunobiology of the traphoblast and cell surface
receptors. N ew to the conference this year was the First Rochester Conference
vü
viii Preface
receptors. New to the conference this year was the First Rochester Conference
Lecture. This lecture was devised to bring to the conference new and diverse
approaches to research, health care and general scientific knowledge not perceived to
be among those individuals investigating the placenta. lt was a pleasure and an
honor to have FrankE. Young, M.D., Ph.D., Commissioner of the Food and Drug
Administration of the United States present an address on the subject: The
Partnership between a Physician Scientist and the Federal Government in Research
and Health Care.
The objectives of the Rochester Trophoblast Conference and the series,
Trophoblast Researchare (1) to provide a forum for the presentation of exciting and
innovative research; and (2) to foster an atmosphere within which scientists can
exchange ideas, meet new and old colleagues and develop new directions to their
creative efforts. lfyou did not come to Rochester for the Tenth Conference, perhaps in
the following pages you will find some helpful ideas. The Rochester Trophoblast
Conference was pleased to join with the European Placenta Group for a joint meeting
in Rolduc, The Netherlands, September 24-27, 1986. The emphasis of this joint
meeting was the vasculature of the placenta. The proceedings ofthat meeting will be
peer-reviewed and published as Volume 3 of Trophoblast Research. We also welcome
you to attend the Eleventh Rochester Trophoblast Conference tobe held from October
9-12, 1988 in Rochester, New York. The theme for the Eleventh Conference will be
the Molecular Biology of the Trophoblast. In addition to the major theme, there will
be workshops on such topics as Circulation, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Cell Culture,
Trophoblastic Neoplasia, Technics in Molecular Biology, Advances in Perfusion
Technics and others yet tobe organized.
Finally, the editors wish to express their gratitude to the Organizing
Committee of the Tenth Rochester Trophoblast Conference, who provided the
guidance and reviews necessary for the program to be successful. They are Francis
Bellino, Carolyn Coulam, Donald Goldstein, Niebolas Illsley, Debabrata Maulik,
Eberhard Muechler, Alan Poisner, B.V. Rama Sastry and Bernard van Kreel. We also
acknowledge the efforts of Willern Faber, Risa Saltzman, Lisa Smith, Tacey White
and John Zongrone, who provided the support necessary for all aspects of the
Conference program to be both timely and efficiently conducted. This volume would
have not been possible without the devotion and care provided by our conference
secretary and editorial assistant, Jacqulyn White with the assistance of Shelley
Gordon. Janice Stern and John Matzka from Plenum Publishing Corporation have
provided innumerable suggestions during the development of this volume. As with
all programs, it is important to acknowledge those who have assisted in the financial
aspects of this endeavor. They are the American Cancer Society, Batteile
Laboratories, Hofiman-La Roche, Inc., Hybritech Laboratories, the March of Dimes
Birth Defects Foundation, Pennwalt Pharmaceuticals, Ross Laboratories, Upjohn
Laboratories and especially the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the
University ofRochester.
The editors hope you benefit from the fascinating investigations that follow. If
you have any suggestions, please do not hesitate to share them with the editors.
R. K. Millerand H. A. Thiede
Rochester, N ew York
CONTENTS
CELL BIOLOGY
Biochemical and Immunological Aspects of the Human 3
Trophoblast Cell Surface
P.D. Webb, N. Hole, P.J McLaughlin, P.L.Stern,
and P.M. Johnson
Identification ofDistinct Receptors for Native and 17
Acetylated-Low-Density Lipoproteins in Human
Placental Microvilli
E. Alsat, F. Mondon, A. Malassine, R. Rebourcet,
S. Goldstein, and L. Cedard
Influence ofthe Lipid Environment on Insulin Binding 29
to Placental Membranes from Normaland
Diabetic Mothers
G. Desoye and P.A.M. Weiss
Renin Release from Human Chorionic Trophoblasts in Vitro: 45
The Role ofCyclic AMP and Protein Kinase C
A.M. Poisner, P. Agrawal, andR. Poisner
Amnionic Association with Chorion and Prostaglandin E2 61
Production Before and After Labor
J.A. McCoshen
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Human Placenta 71
M.P. Rose, M.G. Elder, and L. Myatt
Does Human Trophoblast Affect Decidual Cell Function 85
During Gestation?
L. Vicovac, M. Vuckovic, and 0. Genbacev
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Mediated Enzymatic Methylations 95
in the Plasma Membranes ofthe Human Trophoblast
S.L. BarnwellandB.V.R. Sastry
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Recent Advances in U nderstanding the Immunobiology of 123
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
R.S. Berkowitz, D.P. Goldstein, and D.J. Anderson
0-Glycoslyation ofProteins in the Normaland 139
Neoplastic Trophoblast
L.A.Cole
ix