Cell Adhesion and Migration in Skin Disease (Cell Adhesion and Communication)

285 Pages·2001·4.76 MB·English

by  Jonathan Barker

CELL ADHESION AND MIGRATION IN SKIN
DISEASE
Cell Adhesion and Communication
A series of books encompassing monographs on classes of adhesion molecules and
monographs giving a broader functional synopsis on adhesion molecules of a particular
system.
Edited by Steven Pals
Volume 1
Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer and Inflammation
edited by A.A.Epenetos and M.Pignatelli
Volume 2
The Laminins
edited by P.Ekblom and R.Timpl
Volume 3
Tenascin and Counteradhesive Molecules of the Extracellular Matrix
edited by K.L.Crossin
Volume 4
Adhesion Molecules and Chemokines in Lymphocyte Trafficking
edited by A.Hamann
Volume 5
Cell Adhesion and Communication Mediated by the CEA Family Basic and Clinical
Perspectives
edited by C.P.Stanners
Volume 6
Ig Superfamily Molecules in the Nervous System
edited by P.Sonderegger
Volume 7
Epithelial Morphogenesis in Development and Disease
edited by W.Birchmeier and C.Birchmeier
Volume 8
Cell Adhesion and Migration in Skin Disease
edited by J.Barker and J.McGrath
This book is part of a series. The publisher will accept continuation orders which may
be cancelled at any time and which provide for automatic billing and shipping of each title
in the series upon publication. Please write for details.
CELL ADHESION AND
MIGRATION IN SKIN
DISEASE
Edited by
Jonathan Barker
and
John McGrath
St.Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
harwood academic publishers
Australia • Canada • France • Germany • India • Japan
Luxembourg • Malaysia • The Netherlands • Russia • Singapore
Switzerland
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
Copyright © 2001 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license
under the Harwood Academic Publishers imprint, part of The Gordon and Breach
Publishing Group.
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Singapore.
Amsteldijk 166
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Cell adhesion and migration in skin disease.—(Cell adhesion and
commnunication; v. 8)
1. Skin—Diseases—Cytopathology 2. Cell adhesion 3. Cell adhesion—
Molecular aspects
I.Barker, J. (Jonathan) II. McGrath, John
616.5′07
ISBN 0-203-30459-4 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-34336-0 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN: 90-5823-067-8 (Print Edition)
ISSN: 1023–7046
CONTENTS
Preface to the Series vii
Preface ix
Contributors x
1. Introduction 1
John A.McGrath
CELL-CELL ATTACHMENT
2. The Cornified Cell Envelope 8
Jorge Frank and Angela M.Christiano
3. Keratin and Keratin Disorders 26
Laura D.Corden and W.H.Irwin McLean
4. Desmosomes 56
David R.Garrod, Martyn A.J.Chidgey, Alison J.North, Sarah K.Runswick and
Chris Tselepis
CELL-MATRIX ATTACHMENT
5. Protein-Protein Interactions at the Dermal-Epidermal BMZ 88
M.Peter Marinkovich
6. Biology and Pathology of Hemidesmosomes 106
Leena Pulkkinen and jouni Uitto
7. Dermal-Epidermal Adhesion 131
Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
LEUKOCYTE TRAFFICKING IN SKIN DISEASES
8. Introduction 164
Jonathan N.W.N.Barker
9. Skin Homing Lymphocytes 170
Conrad Hauser and René Moser
vi
10. T-cell Accessory Molecules 202
Ralf W.Denfeld and Jan C.Simon
11. Animal Models of Skin Inflammation 221
Benjamin E.Rich and Thomas S.Kupper
12. Langerhans Cell Migration 241
Georg Stingl and Dieter Maurer
13. Leukocyte Adhesion and Accessory Molecules as Therapeutic Targets for 251
Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Kimberly E.Foreman and Brian J.Nickoloff
Index 264
PREFACE TO THE SERIES
The development and normal functioning of all multicellular organisms is governed to a
large part by the interactions cells undergo with neighbouring cells-and with their
acellular environment. Many of these interactions are mediated by cell-cell adhesion
molecules and by extracellular matrix components and their cellular receptors, that is by
molecules which establish direct cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. These molecules are
particularly important for determining whether a cell remains where it is or moves
elsewhere and, if a cell moves, where it goes and when it stops migrating. These ness and
metastasis. Moreover, recent advances in the field show that most, if are of course key
events during normal development, but they play equally crucial roles in adult physiology
and pathology, such as the extravasation of white blood cells, inflammatory processes and
wound healing, tumour invasive-not all, cell adhesion molecules are capable of triggering
intracellular events, in the same way as diffusible growth and differentiation factors and their
cellular receptors do. It is thus hardly surprising that clinicians are devoting increasing
attention to the molecular mechanisms underlying cell adhesion, and that cell adhesion
molecules are not being considered as suitable targets for drug development.
This book series is aimed at scientists, both in academia and in industry, at graduate
students planning to move into the area, at the clinician, who wants to become familiar
with a field with many clinical implications, and at scientists already working in the field,
who want to keep abreast with the recent developments outside their own speciality. Hence,
each volume of the series reviews a particular segment of the field and provides a critical
assessment of recent discoveries and future developments. Each volume has a volume
editor, who is an expert in the field and invites contributors to cover the different aspects
of the topic. By keeping the number of contributors to each volume small, we hope to avoid
overlaps and redundancies, common pitfalls of multi-author volumes. By looking at the
previous volumes, I have the impression that we have been successful.
Previous volumes of the series addressed the role of cell adhesion in selected
physiological and pathological phenomena or concentrated on important structural
families. The volumes on Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer and Inflammation and on Adhesion
Molecules and Chemokines in Lymphocyte Trafficking are examples of the first, those on The
Laminins and on the CEA Family are examples of the second kind.
Whilst the previous volume, Epithelial Morphogenesis in Development and Disease, focused
on the epithelia, whose development and integrity relies heavily on cell adhesion
phenomena, this volume addresses this crucial phenomena in an especially important
viii
epithelium, the epidermis of the skin. Together the two books will constitute an
invaluable source of information for scientists and clinicians interested in skin biology and
diseases.
PREFACE
Cell adhesion and migration play a critical role in many cutaneous diseases. These include
blistering disorders both inherited and acquired, and inflammatory conditions, such as
eczema and psoriasis. In recent years, considerable advances have been made in our
understanding of the molecular basis of cell adhesion and migration in the skin and the
precise role of many adhesive proteins have been defined.
In this book, we bring together a series of articles written by international experts,
describing cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion and the biological processes involved in
maintaining integrity of the skin and in the orchestration of inflammatory events.
In the first part of the book, the molecular mechanisms involved in epidermal cell-cell
attachment and keratinocyte structural integrity are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed
on the cornified cell envelope, intermediate filaments and desmosomes. Abnormalities of
these structures, for example as a result of genetic mutation or disruption by
autoantibodies, lead to specific blistering skin diseases such as epidermolysis bullosa
simplex or pemphigus.
In the second part of the book, the molecular basis for securing adhesion between the
epidermis and the dermis via the intricate network of macromolecules that comprise the
cutaneous basement membrane zone is discussed. The importance of perturbations in
these adhesion complexes is highlighted by diseases such as junctional epidermolysis
bullosa, resulting from inherited abnormalities in genes encoding structural components of
hemidesmosomes and anchoring filaments and bullous pemphigoid resulting from
autoimmune assault against a hemidesmosomal collagen.
In the third part of the book, the molecular events responsible for accumulation of
inflammatory cells into skin are discussed. Leukocyte adhesion molecules play a critical
role in the control of lymphocyte recruitment into skin and as such are attractive targets
for therapeutic intervention in designing new strategies to combat common inflammatory
skin diseases including psoriasis and eczema. Indeed, clinical trials are presently under way
using biotechnological approaches to anti-leukocyte adhesion molecule therapy and the
rationale for such studies is discussed.
It is hoped that the high quality chapters from international experts and the layout of
this book will appeal to basic scientists and clinicians working in skin biology. Further we
believe the book will also be of invaluable assistance to industry by providing information
on important molecular targets in bullous and inflammatory skin diseases.