Cardiology Clinics 2002: Vol 20 Index

19 Pages·2002·3.6 MB·English

CARDIOLOGY
S
CLINICS
Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Subject Index to Volume 20
Volume 20
February EMERGENCY CARDIOVASCULAR CARE, pages 1-180
May CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, pages 181-340
August ADVANCES IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, pages 341-490
November PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE, pages 491-662
Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type
A therapy, 515-518
Abdominal aortic aneurysms, endovascular complications of, 518
treatment of, 579-597 economic impact of choice of, 518
early experience, 579-581 endovascular, 516
future perspectives, 586-587 lytic, in thrombosed bypass grafts,
indications for, 586 517-518
problems with current endograft devices, percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy,
583-586 518
endoleak, 583-585 percutaneous mechanical
morphological and structural changes, thrombectomy, 518
585 surgical, 515-516
secondary interventions after, 585-586 thrombolytic, 516-517
with Vanguard device, 581-583
Adrenergic agonists, 64, 65
open surgical treatment of, 563-578
history of, 62
clinical suspicion, 564-565
mechanism of action of, 63, 64
definitions and diagnosis, 563-564
emerging strategies for small, 568-569 Adrenergic fibers, in autonomic nervous system, 62
imaging surveillance vs. repair of, 566-567 Adrenergic inhibitors as antihypertensive
open repair vs. endovascular repair, 567
drugs, clinical pharmacology of, 267, 268,
postoperative complications, 573-575 270, 271
referral to a high-volume center, 569
screening, 565 African-American Study of Kidney Disease, 308,
serendipitous discovery of, 565-566 309
techniques of, 569-573 African-Americans, hypertension in, 307-309
juxtarenal, 572-573 treatment of, 307-309
retroperitoneal approach, 571-572
Age, risk factor for critical limb ischemia, 536
transabdominal approach, 569-571
transperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal repair, Airway, alternative, 25
567-568 cuffed oropharyngeal, 25
Abdominal aortic disease, magnetic resonance emergency management of, 23-35
esophageal obturator, 23, 24
angiography in diagnosis of, 507-508
laryngeal mask, 23, 24, 27, 28
Acute limb ischemia, approach tu patient with,
513-520 Alagille syndrome, in tetralogy of Fallot,
387
history, physical, and diagnosis, 513-514
pathophysiology, 514-515 Alcohol, and hypertension, 255, 256
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646 Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Aldosteronism, primary, as cause of secondary Antiarrhythmic drugs, in advanced cardiac life
hypertension, 284 support, 79-87
diagnostic tests for, 284 animal studies of, 81
therapy for, 284 basic principles of, 80
basic science of, 80, 81
Alpha agonists, central, as antihypertensive drugs,
clinical studies of, 81, 82
adverse effects of, 270
history of, 79, 80
clinical pharmacology of, 269, 270
state of the evidence regarding, 84
Alpha blockers as antihypertensive drugs, adverse unanswered questions about, 85
effects of, 268, 269
Anticoagulation therapy, for carotid
clinical pharmacology of, 268, 269
disease, 600
American Heart Association Chain
Antidiuretic hormone, in normal blood pressure
of Survival, 1
control, 197, 198
Amiodarone, in cardiac arrest, 81, 83, 84
Antihypertensive drugs, clinical pharmacology of,
Amputation, primary, due to critical limb 265-280
ischemia, 543 in pregnancy, 306
Anesthesia, for carotid endarterectomy, general Antiplatelet therapy, for carotid disease,
vs. regional, 606-607 599-600
to reduce intermittent claudication, 525
Aneurysms, abdominal aortic. See Abdominal
aortic aneurysms. Aorta, abdominal aortic aneurysms. See
atrial septum, relation of to cryptogenic stroke, Abdominal aortic aneurysms.
361, 362
Aortic arch, magnetic resonance angiography of,
splanchnic artery, mesenteric disease due to,
508-511
616-620
Aortofemoral bypass, in patients with critical limb
Angina, unstable, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
ischemia, 540
in, 166-168
Apnea, sleep, as cause of secondary hypertension,
Angiogenesis, therapeutic, 639-640
diagnostic tests for, 284
Angiogenic growth factors, for intermittent therapy for, 284
claudication, 527
Arginine, L-, for intermittent claudication, 527
Angiography, in diagnosis of peripheral arterial
Arms, arterial disease in. See Upper extremities,
disease, magnetic resonance (MRA), 496, 498,
arterial disease of.
499, 501-512, 553-555
x-ray digital subtraction, 498-499 Arrhythmia(s), atrial, and hemodynamics, 356-358
atrial flutter and, 358
Angioplasty, balloon, and stenting for upper
atrioventricular synchrony and, 357, 358
extremity arterial disease, 629-630
in congenital heart disease, 457-465
infra-popliteal, for critical limb ischemia,
electrophysiology and RF-ablation in, 359,
539
360
Angiotensin receptor blockers as antihypertensive inappropriate heart rate and, 357
drugs, adverse effects of, 273, 274 pacemaker therapy for, 359
clinical pharmacology of, 273, 274 pharmacologic therapy for, 358, 359
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in role of surgery in treatment of, 360, 361
treatment of, 358-361
acute coronary syndromes, 151
and ventricular rhythm irregularity, 358
in acute ischemic syndromes, 170, 171
cardiac, and sudden death, hypertensive, 237,
as antihypertensive drugs, adverse effects of,
238
272, 273
prevention of, 238
clinical pharmacology of, 271-273
Arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysms,
Ankle-brachial index, for lower extremity arterial
endovascular treatment, 579-597
disease, 491, 492
Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
surgical treatment, 563-578 in structurally normal heart, 351-353
carotid stenosis, medical and surgical aspects, in tetralogy of Fallot, 353-355
599-609 in transposition of the great arteries after
percutaneous treatment, 589-597 Mustard or Senning procedure, 355
central and peripheral, hypertensive, 238, 239 role of in congenital heart disease, 351-366
diagnostic implications of, 238 in structurally normal heart, booster pump
epidemiology of, 238 function of, 352, 353
pathophysiology and treatment of, 238 conduit function of, 352
prevention of, 239 hemodynamic function of, 351-353
prognosis of, 238, 239 reservoir function of, 351. 352
intermittent claudication, 521-534
Atrial fibrillation, in congenital heart disease, 458
limb ischemia, acute, 513-520
hypertensive, 237, 238
chronic critical, 535-545
lower extremity, diagnostic aspects, 491-500 Atrial flutter, and atrial arrhythmias, 358
magnetic resonance angiographic techniques in congenital heart disease, 458
for diagnosis of, 501-512
Atrioventricular synchrony, atrial arrhythmias
mesenteric occlusive and aneurysmal, 611-621
and, 357, 358
molecular approaches to atherosclerosis
treatment, 633-643 Autonomic dysfunction, evaluation of patients
renal artery disease, atherosclerotic, 547-562 with, 291-293
upper extremity, 623-631 biochemical assessment in, 293
noninvasive tests for, 292
Arteries, great, transposition of. See
response to meals in, 292, 293
Transposition of the great arteries.
hypertension in, 294-296
Arteriography, for diagnosis of renal blood volume and, 296
vascular disease, 551-552 contribution of baroreflex failure to, 294,
at time of cardiac catheterization, 551—552 295
inappropriate natriuresis as consequence of,
Artifacts, in magnetic resonance angiography,
295
511-512
incidence and severity of, 294
Aspiration thrombectomy, percutaneous, for long-term consequences of, 295, 296
acute limb ischemia, 518 multiple system atrophy and residual
sympathetic tone driving, 296, 297
Aspirin, in early immediate treatment of acute
pathophysiology of, 296-298
coronary syndromes, 165, 166
treatment of, 298-300
Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study, 602 vasodilators for, 299, 300
orthostatic hypotension in, and associated
Atherosclerosis. See also Arterial disease.,
hypertension, 291-302
molecular approaches for treatment of,
with blunted tachycardia, 291, 292
633-643
differential diagnosis of, 291
bio-artificial graft conduits, 639
pure autonomic failure (PAF) syndromes in,
bypass vein graft atherosclerosis, 635-637
gene-based interventions, potential for, 293, 294
pathophysiology of hypertension in, 297,
633-635
298
hyperlipidemia, 640-641
postangioplasty restenosis, 637-639 AV-synchrony. See Atriouentricular synchrony.
therapeutic angiogenesis, 639-640
Atherosclerotic renal artery disease, 547-562
B
Atria, hemodynamic function of, and Fontan
Balloon angioplasty, for carotid stenosis, 589
procedure, 356
and stent implantation for upper extremity
and postoperative pattern of atrial filling,
arterial disease, 629-630
353
in specific conditions, 353-356 Beck, Claude, 13
648 Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Beta blockers as antihypertensive drugs, adverse in special populations and circumstances, 219,
effects of, 268 220
clinical pharmacology of, 267, 268 ultrasound techniques of, 208
use of stethoscope bell in, 213
Bio-artificial grafts, molecular approach to
white coat effect in, 212, 213
designing, 639
wrist monitors for, 215
Biofeedback, and hypertension, 259
Brain, as target organ in hypertension, 225—247
b-Blockers, in acute coronary syndromes, 150
Bretylium, in cardiac arrest, 80-82
in acute ischernic syndromes, 170
Bright’s disease, hypertension and, 282
Blood pressure, elevation of. See Hypertension.
Bypass procedures, in patients with critical limb
Blood pressure control, normal, 195-198
ischemia, 540-541
antidiuretic hormone activity in, 197, 198
feedback mechanisms in, Bypass vein graft atherosclerosis, prevention of,
195-197 molecular approach to, 635-637
intermediate-acting mechanisms of, 197,
198
C
late-acting mechanisms of, 198
physiology of, 195-198
rapid-acting mechanisms of, 195, 197 C-reactive protein, role of, in peripheral arterial
renin-angiotensin systems in, 197, 198 disease, 525-526
Blood pressure measurement, ambulatory, 217 Calcium, and hypertension, 255
monitors for, 216 Calcium channel antagonists, in acute ischemic
aneroid devices for, 212
syndromes, 171
auscultatory gap in, 214
auscultatory method of, 208 Calcium channel blockers as antihypertensive
technical sources of error with, 214, 215 drugs, adverse effects of, 275
clinical pharmacology of, 274, 275
in the clinic, 217
clinical importance of, 218 Captopril renography, in diagnosis of renal artery
combined use of clinic, home, and ambulatory stenosis, 555
monitoring of, 218
Cardiac arrest, pressor drugs in treatment of,
cuff-inflation hypertension and, 210
61-78
devices for, 210-217
validation of, 210, 211 Cardiac catheterization, in assessment of right
in different situations, 217 ventricular function, 345
during exercise, 220 renal arteriography at time of, 551-552
effects of body position on, 209, 210
Cardiac chamber enlargement and wall
effects of cuff size on, 210
hypertrophy, hypertensive, diagnostic
effects of posture on, 209
evaluation of, 230
in the elderly, 219
epidemiology of, 228, 229
electronic monitors for self-monitoring of,
pathophysiology of, 229, 230
215-217
prevention of, 231, 232
finger cuff method of, 208, 209, 215, 216
prognosis of, 230, 231
Hawksley Random Zero device for, 212
treatment of, 230
in infants and children, 219, 303
locations for, 207, 208 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), active
mercury sphygmomanometers for, 211 compression-decompression, 40-44
oscillometric technique of, 208 practical aspects of, 51-54
by the patient, 217 rescuer fatigue in, 51
potential sources of error in, 209, 210 basic life support, 1-12
in pregnant women, 219 blood flow during, abdominal pump
principles and techniques in, 207-223 mechanism of, 38
rate of cuff inflation and deflation in, 213 cardiac pump mechanism of, 38, 42
Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
mathematical model of, 39 Carotid endarterectomy, for carotid stenosis,
modern physiology of, 38-44 601-607
thoracic pump mechanism of, 38, 42, 43 acute internal carotid artery occlusion,
breathing techniques in, bag mask device in, 605-606
6-8 after a fixed stroke, 605
cricoid pressure and, 8 after stroke in evolution/crescendo TIA,
mouth-to-barrier device, 4-6 605
mouth -to-mask, 5—7 in asymptomatic disease, 601-603
mouth-to-mouth, 3, 4 concomitant carotid and coronary disease,
mouth-to-nose, 4 606
use of face shield in, 5 predictors of perioperative risk, 601
by one rescuer, 10, 11 restenosis after, 606
by two rescuers, 11 in symptomatic disease, 603-605
circulatory adjuncts of, 37-59 technical controversies in, 606-607
warnings about general use of, 56 anesthesia, general vs. regional,
four-phase, 49-53 606-607
interposed abdominal compression, intraoperative shunting, 607
45-49 primary repair vs. patch closure, 607
combining of with active compression-
Carotid restenosis, after endarterectomy, 606
decompression cardiopulmonary
resuscitation, 55, 56 Carotid stenosis, diagnosis, 600-601
coordination of chest and abdominal medical and surgical aspects, 599-609
compressions in, 54, 55 anticoagulation, 600
hand position and compression technique antiplatelet therapy, 599-600
in, 54 carotid endarterectomy, 601-607
practical aspects of, 54-56 lipid-lowering therapy, 600
training individuals to do, 55 percutaneous treatment for, 589-587
newer methods of, circulatory adjuncts as, balloon angioplasty, 589
37-59 stenting, 589-592
performance of, 2-11 adjuvant pharmacological therapy,
quality of, during rescue efforts, 1, 2 593
steps in, airway opening as, 2, 3 emboli protection during, 592-593
assessment of responsiveness and activation surgery us., 593-594
of response system as, 2
Catheterization, cardiac, renal arteriography at
breathing as, 3-8
time of, 551-552
checking for signs of circulation as, 8, 9
chest compressions as, 9, 10 Celiac artery aneurysms, 618
use of pressor drugs in, 74, 75 Chain of Survival, of American Heart
Cardio Pump, 51 Association, |
Cardiovascular disease, mortality from, 187 Chest pain, acute ischemic, algorithm for, 160,
161
Cardiovascular Health Branch of Centers for
clinical classification of, 142
Disease Control, 324, 325
low-risk patients with, clinical recognition of,
Cardioverter-defibrillator, internal, defibrillation 118
in patients with, 16 management of, 118
traditional management of, limitations of,
Carnitine, L-, for intermittent claudication, 527
117, 118
Carotid artery disease, extra-cranial, magnetic
Chest pain centers, accelerated diagnostic
resonance angiography of, 508-511
protocols in, 122
Carotid Artery Stenosis with Asymptomatic for acute ischemic syndromes,
Narrowing, Operation Versus Aspirin study, 117-136
602-603 cardiac serum markers in, 125, 126
650 Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Chest pain centers (continued ) Congenital heart disease, and genetic
clinical guidelines, critical pathways, heterogeneity, 387
algorithms, and protocols in, 123, 124 atrial arrhythmias in. assessment of, 458, 459
utility of, 124, 125 atrial defibrillators for, 461, 462
coronary angiography in, 132 catheter ablation for, 461
cost-effectiveness of, 123 drug therapy for, 460, 461
development of, 119 pacing therapy for, 461
early noninvasive cardiac testing in, 126-132 prevention of, 463, 464
echocardiography in, 128-130 surgery for, 462, 463
electron beam computed tomography in, 131, therapy for, 459-463
132 types of, 457, 458
exercise testing in, 126-128 atrial fibrillation in, 458
initial patient triage in, 120-122 atrial ventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
management of low-risk patients with negative in, 458
findings in, 132 atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
myocardial scintigraphy in, 130, 131 secondary to a bypass tract or Wolff-
new electrocardiographic methods in, 125 Parkinson-White syndrome, 457, 458
predictive instruments in, 123 catheter and surgical ablation in, 467-484
rationale for, 118, 119 classic atrial flutter in, 458
staffing of, 119, 120 counseling patients on risk of recurrence of,
389
Cholinergic fibers, in autonomic nervous system,
definition of, 383
62
difficulties in recognizing genetic causes of,
Chronic critical limb ischemia. See Critical limb 385-387
ischemia. focal atrial tachycardia in, 458
genetics of, 383-392
Cigarette smoking, and hypertension, 259
genomics and, 389, 390
Cilostazol, for intermittent claudication, 526 identifying possible genetic causes of, 384, 385
incisional atrial reentrant tachycardia in, 458
Circulatory adjuncts, in cardiopulmonary
molecular genetic studies and, 39i
resuscitation, 37-59
warnings about general use of, 56 origins of in fetal life, 367-382
advances in genetics and, 367, 368
Claudication, intermittent. See Intermittent possibility of prevention of, 390
claudication. pulmonary arterial hypertension in, 439-455
Clinics, nurse-managed, in prevention and reduced penetrance in, 387
role of animal models of, 390, 391
treatment of hypertension, 329, 330
role of atria in, 351-366
Clonidine as antihypertensive drug, clinical
and significance of identifying disease-causing
pharmacology of, 269, 270
genes, 388
Colic artery aneurysms, 619 single gene inheritance and, 388, 389
tachyarrhythmias in, 468
Combined alpha and beta blockers as
novel technology for treatment of, 476, 477
antihypertensive drugs, adverse effects of, 269
surgical treatment of, 469-471
clinical pharmacology of, 269
three-dimensional electrical reconstruction
Combitube, Esophageal-Tracheal, 24, 26, 27 in, 477, 478
three-dimensional electroanatomical
Community health systems partnerships, for
reconstruction in, 476, 477
hypertension prevention, with barbershops,
three-dimensionai navigational
beauty salons, and fire stations, 328
reconstruction in, 477, 479
with faith-based organizations, 327, 328
transcatheter radiofrequency current
with pharmacists, 328
ablation for, 471-473
with work sites, 326, 327
variable expressivity and NK X2.5 mutations
Compliance, patient, and control of hypertension, in, 387, 388
188
Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Congestive heart failure, due to renal artery Critical limb ischemia, chronic, 535-545
stenosis, 551 economic costs of, 535
revascularization for control of, 560 failed grafts as cause of, 541-542
graft surveillance, 542
Coronary artery disease, concomitant carotid
management of, 542
artery disease and, 606
failing graft, management of, 542-
hypertensive, 236, 237
incidence and prevalence, 535
diagnostic implications of, 236
laboratory testing, vascular, 537
epidemiology of, 236
long-term fate of patient with, 535
pathophysiology of, 236
medical management, 537-538
prevention of, 237
presenting features and physical examination,
treatment and prognosis of, 236, 237
536-537
mortality from, 187, 188
primary amputation, 543
Coronary syndromes, acute, 159 revascularization approaches, 538-539
adjunctive therapy for, 150-152 risk factors for, 535-536
algorithm for, 162 surgical management, 539-540
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in, of outflow disease, 540—541
151
Cushing’s syndrome, as cause of secondary
B-blockers in, 150
hypertension, 284, 285
cardiogenic shock as, treatment for, 144-146
diagnostic tests for, 285
clinical symptoms of, 141, 142
therapy for, 285
coronary or myocardial reflow in, 139, 140
coronary patency in, strategies for establishing
or maintaining, 137-157 D
magnesium in, 152 Defibrillation, 13-21
nitrates in, 151, 152 early, principle of, 16, 17
open artery and survival in, 139 effect of water on, 16
pathophysiology of, 137-139 electrode size and position in, 15
percutaneous coronary intervention for, versus external, automated, 15, 16
fibrinolysis, 146, 148 on airlines, 17, 18
in perspective, 153, 154 in casinos, 18
prehospital fibrinolysis for, 144 in police cars, 17
primary stenting and facilitated history of, 13, 14
percutaneous coronary intervention and in the hospital, 19
fibrinolysis in, 149, 150 in patients with pacemaker/internal
reperfusion era in, 137-157 cardioverter defibrillator, 16
risk stratification of, 143, 144 pediatric, 19
biochemical cardiac markers in, 143 presence of nitroglycerin paste or other
and the elderly, 148, 149 transdermal medication in, 16
initial, 140-143 public access, 17-19
ST-segment in, 142, 143 trial of, 18, 19
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction as, special circumstances during, 16
heparin in, 150 transthoracic impedance in, 14, 15
treatment of, 144 waveform technology in, 14
treatment of, aspirin in, 165, 166
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension in, 313-315
early immediate, 164-166
active drug treatment trials for, 314,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in, 166
315
morphine in, 165
and drug studies that included normoten-
nitroglycerin in, 164, 165
sive people, 315
oxygen in, 164
subsequent, 166-171 Diabetes mellitus (Continued )
treatment strategies for, 144-153 epidemiology of, 313, 314
unstable angina non-ST-segment elevation therapeutic recommendations for, 315
myocardial infarction as, 152, 153 risk factor for critical limb ischemia, 537
652 Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Endovascular treatment, of abdominal aortic
(DASH) trial, 251-253 aneurysms, 579-597
early experience, 579-581
Digital subtraction angiography, x-ray, for lower
future perspectives, 586-587
extremity arterial disease diagnostics, 498-499
indications for, 586
Diuretics as antihypertensive drugs, clinical problems with current endograft devices,
pharmacology of, 265, 266 583-586
adverse effects of, 265 endoleak, 583-585
special categories of, clinical pharmacology of, morphological and structural changes,
265 585
secondary interventions after, 585-586
Doppler analysis, for lower extremity arterial
with Vanguard device, 581-583
disease diagnosis, 493
for acute limb ischemia, 516
of upper extremity arterial disease, 627
for critical limb ischemia, 538-539
Down syndrome, in tetralogy of Fallot, 387 for intermittent claudication, 529-531
Duplex sonography, arterial, for diagnosis of Epinephrine, 62, 64, 65
arterial disease, lower extremity, 494-495 alternatives to, 70-74
upper extremity, 627 in cardiac arrest, dosage of, 67—70
for renal artery stenosis diagnosis, 552-553 current recommendations for, 74
Dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial, type III, role of, and neurologic outcome, 66
in peripheral arterial disease, 525 pharmacology of, 65, 66
toxicity of, 66, 67
and ventricular fibrillation, 66
E
European Carotid Surgery Trial, 603-604
Ebstein’s anomaly, of tricuspid valve, 429-437
Exercise, as therapy for intermittent claudication,
clinical presentation and diagnostic
526
evaluation of, 431-434
pathophysiology of, 430, 431 Extremities, arterial disease of, lower, diagnostic
pregnancy and, 434 aspects of, 491-500
prognosis of, 435, 436 upper, 623-631
tachycardia associated with, 468, 469
therapy for, 434, 435
F
Echo-Doppler measurements, in assessment of
Failure, of graft. See Graft failure.
right ventricular function, 346, 347
Fetal heart development, 368-381
Embolism, causing acute limb ischemia, 514
aortic and pulmonary trunk development in,
paradoxical, and patent foramen ovale, 362 376-378
protection against, during percutaneous
abnormal, 376, 377
carotid intervention, 592-593
genetics of, 377, 378
of superior mesenteric artery, acute intestinal
normal, 376
occlusion due to, 614-616
atrioventricular valve development in, 375, 376
Emergency care, cardiopulmonary resuscitation abnormal, 375
in, 2-11 genetics of, 375, 376
normal, 375
Emergency medical services (EMS) systems, in
development of the aorta and its branches in,
acute ischemic syndromes, 105-107
378-381
access to, 105, 106
abnormal, 379-381
dispatch of, 106
genetics of, 381
hospital triage and EMS planning in, 107
normal, 378, 379
levels and types of service by, 106, 107
from fertilization to primitive heart tube,
Endarterectomy, carotid. See Carotid abnormal, 368
endarterectomy. genetics of, 368, 369
for upper extremity arterial disease, 629-630 normal, 368
Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662 653
from looping to wedging, 370-372 Graft failure, as cause of critical limb ischemia,
abnormal, 371 541-543
genetics of, 371, 372 early failure, 541
normal, 370, 371 graft surveillance, 542
from primitive heart tube through looping, late failure, 541-542
369, 370 management of patient with failed graft,
abnormal, 369, 370 542
genetics of, 370 management of patient with failing graft,
normal, 369 542-543
septation of the atria in, 372-375
Graft infection, after surgery for abdominal aortic
abnormal, 373, 374
aneurysms, 574
genetics of, 374, 375
normal, 372, 373 Graft surveillance, in critical limb ischemia, 542
for lower extremity arterial disease diagnosis,
Fetus, origins of congenital heart disease in,
495-496
367-382
Grafts, bypass, atherosclerosis of, prevention of,
Fibrillation, atrial. See Atrial fibrillation
molecular approach to, 635-637
Finger pressures, for diagnosis of upper extremity prosthetic, molecular approach to designing
arterial disease, 626 bioartificial graft conduits, 639
Fish oil, and hypertension, 255 Guanethidine as antihypertensive drug, clinical
pharmacology of, 270, 271
Fontan procedure, postoperative hemodynamic
function in, 356
H
Foot care, in critical limb ischemia, 537
Heart, fetal development of. See Fetal heart
Foramen ovale, patent. See Patent foramen development.
ovale. as target organ in hypertension, 225-247
asymptomatic left ventricular systolic
G dysfunction from, 234, 235
cardiac arrhythmias and su:iden death
Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance
from, 237, 238
angiography, 503-505
cardiac chamber enlargement and wall
dosage, 503-504
hypertrophy from, 228-232
paramagnetic contrast agents for, 503
chronic heart failure from, 235, 236
parameters for optimal, 504-505
coronary heart disease from, 236, 237
spoiled gradient echo imaging, 504
left ventricular diastolic dysfunction from,
Gastric artery aneurysms, 618-619 23525250
Gastroduodenal artery aneurysms, 619-620 Heart failure, chronic, hypertensive, diagnostic
Gastroepiploic artery aneurysms, implications of, 235
618-619 epidemiology of, 235
treatment and prognosis of, 235
Gastrointestinal complications, after surgery for treatment of, 235, 236
abdominal aortic aneurysms, 574
Heath-Edwards classification of pulmonary
Gene-based interventions, potential, for treatment vascular changes in congenital heart disease,
of atherosclerosis, 633-635 441, 442
Genetics, advances in, and understanding of the Hemorrhage, after surgery for abdominal aortic
origins of congenital heart disease, 367, 368 aneurysms, 573
Glomerulonephritis, hypertension and, 282 Heparin, in ST-segment elevation myocardial
Glycemic control, to reduce intermittent infarction, 150, 151
claudication, 524 Hepatic artery aneurysms, 617-618
654 Subject Index | Cardiol Clin 20 (2002) 645-662
Homocysteine, role of, in peripheral arterial lifetime risk of, 192
disease, 525 obesity and, 258, 259
in orthostatic hypotension and autonomic
Hydralazine as antihypertensive drug, clinical
dysfunction, 291-302
pharmacology of, 275, 276
pathogenesis, and clinical physiology of,
Hyperlipidemia, correction of, to reduce 195-206
intermittent claudication, 523 in renal artery stenosis, 547-548, 550
experimental genetic treatment of, 640-641 pathophysiologic states of, 198-203
pheochromocytoma as cause of, 285
Hypertension, in African-Americans, 307-309
diagnostic tests for, 285
alcohol consumption and, 255, 256
therapy for, 285
background information on, 321
physical activity and, 256, 257
bad news about, 182, 184
posttransplantation, 311-313
calcium and, 255
potassium and, 255
in children, 303-305
blood pressure measurement in, 303 in pregnancy, 305-307
prevalence in the general population, 187
diagnostic evaluation of, 304, 305
prevalence of, in United States, 181
etiology of, 303, 304
prevention and control of. See also Blood
treatment of, 305
pressure control.
cigarette smoking and, 259
community health systems partnerships for,
clinical care and, 329, 330
326-328
in nurse-managed clinics, 329, 330
community outreach for, 328, 329
community outreach for, 328, 329
nondrug interventions in, 249-263
control of. See also Blood pressure control.
public health approaches to, 321—324
in Latin American countries, 189
salt intake and, 249-254
patient compliance and, 188
primary, pathogenesis of, 199-203
to reduce intermittent claudication,
renin-angiotensin system and, 201, 202
523-524
role of genes in, 199, 200
control rates of, worldwide, 182
role of the environment in, 200
cuff-inflation, 210
Cushing's syndrome as cause of, 284, 285 role of the kidney in, 202, 203
sympathetic nervous system and, 200,
diagnostic tests for, 285
therapy for, 285 201
vascular remodeling, hypertrophy, and
detection and control of, population and
increased peripheral resistance and, 202
policy implications of, 187-194
primary aldosteronism as cause of, 284
in diabetes mellitus, 313—315
diagnostic tests for, 284
and dietary factors other than sodium intake,
254, 255 therapy for, 284
pulmonary arterial. See Pulmonary arterial
education about, community health system
hypertension.
partnerships for, 326-328
relative risk of, 192
effective strategies for, 321-332
renal artery stenosis as cause of, 282, 283
fish oil and, 255
diagnostic tests for, 283
global burden of, 181-185
therapy for, 283
recommendations for reducing, 184
renoparenchymal disease as cause of, 283, 284
global risk assessment in, 191
diagnostic tests for, 284
good news about, 181, 182
therapy for, 284
heart, kidney and brain as target organs in,
resistant, 281, 282
225-247
causes of, 281
clinical presentations of damage to,
definition of, 281
228-241
treatment of, 281, 282
mechanisms of damage of, 227, 228
risk stratification in, and global risk
risk stratification and, 225, 226
assessment, growing importance of,
spectrum of damage to, 225-228
189-193
in kidney disease, 309-311