Cancer: Cell Structures, Carcinogens and Genomic Instability

377 Pages·2006·3.95 MB·English

by  Leon P. Bignold

Cancer: Cell Structures,
Carcinogens and
Genomic Instability
Edited by Leon P. Bignold
Birkhäuser Verlag
Basel · Boston · Berlin
Editor
Leon P. Bignold
Division of Tissue Pathology
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science
PO Box 14
Rundle Mall,SA 5001
Australia
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cancer :cell structures,carcinogens and genomic instability / edited by Leon P. Bignold.
p. ; cm. -- (EXS ; 96)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978-3-7643-7156-2 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10:3-7643-7156-0 (alk. paper)
1. Carcinogenesis--Molecular aspects. 2. Cancer cells. 3. Cancer--Pathophysiology.
4. Cancer--Genetic aspects. I. Bignold,Leon P.,1947- II. Series
[DNLM:1. Neoplasms--genetics. 2. Carcinogens-adverse effects. 3. Gene Expression Regulation,
Neoplastic--drug effects. 4. Genomic Instability. 5. Neoplasms-etiology. QZ202 C21518 2005]
RC268.5.C28 2005
616.99'4071--dc22
2005048329
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek
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detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>.
ISBN 10:3-7643-7156-0 Birkhäuser Verlag,Basel – Boston – Berlin
ISBN 13:978-3-7643-7156-2
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Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞
Cover illustration:Bottom right:Somatic translocations and mis-targeting of HATs and HDACs (see
Fig. 2,p. 27,detail). Bottom left:Proposed dose-response relationship for radiation-induced effects
(see Fig. 1, p.168). Top right: Bioactivation of aromatic amines or amides (AA) towards ultimate
DNA-reactive sulphate or acetoxy esters (see Fig. 3, p. 71, detail). Top left:A typical metaphase
spread from a fifth generation (G5) mTERC–/–mouse fibroblast showing a fusion product (arrow) and
41 chromosomal arms,an example of aneuploidy (see Fig. 3,p. 56).
Printed in Germany
ISBN 10:3-7643-7156-0 e-ISBN:3-7643-7378-4
ISBN 13:978-3-7643-7156-2
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V
Contents
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI
Leon P. Bignold,B. L. D. Coghlan and H. P. A. Jersmann
Cancer morphology,carcinogenesis and genetic instability:
a background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Bojan Drobic,Katherine L. Dunn,Paula S. Espino and
James R. Davie
Abnormalities of chromatin in tumor cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Sen Pathak and Asha S. Multani
Aneuploidy,stem cells and cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Andreas Luch
The mode of action of organic carcinogens on cellular structures . . . 65
Troy R. Durham and Elizabeth T. Snow
Metal ions and carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
David I. Pattison and Michael J. Davies
Actions of ultraviolet light on cellular structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Carmel Mothersill and C. B. Seymour
Actions of radiation on living cells in the “post-bystander”era . . . . . 159
Karl Münger,Hiroyuki Hayakawa,Christine L. Nguyen,
Nadja V. Melquiot,Anette Duensing and Stefan Duensing
Viral carcinogenesis and genomic instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Herman H. Cheung,Vinay Arora,Robert G. Korneluk
Abnormalities of cell structures in tumors:apoptosis in tumors . . . . . 201
Jay Harper and Marsha A. Moses
Molecular regulation of tumor angiogenesis:mechanisms and
therapeutic implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
VI Contents
Okio Hino,Toshiyuki Kobayashi and Kazuo Okimoto
Genetic and environmental factors in hereditary predisposition
to tumors:a conceptual overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Marianne Sowa,Benjamin J. Arthurs,Brian J. Estes
and William F. Morgan
Effects of ionizing radiation on cellular structures,induced
instability and carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Stavroula Raptis and Bharati Bapat
Genetic instability in human tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
William B. Coleman and Gregory J. Tsongalis
Molecular mechanisms of human carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Assam El-Osta
Mechanisms of abnormal gene expression in tumor cells . . . . . . . . . . 351
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
VII
List of Contributors
Vinay Arora, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern
Ontario, Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1,
Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Benjamin J. Arthurs, Chemical Structure & Dynamics, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, MS K8-88, 3335 Q Ave, Richland,WA 99354, USA;
e-mail:[email protected]
Bharati Bapat,Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute,Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue,
9th Floor, Room 992B, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; and
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of
Toronto,Toronto,ON,M5S1A1,Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Leon P. Bignold, Division of Tissue Pathology, Institute of Medical and
Veterinary Science, PO Box 14, Rundle Mall, SA 5001,Australia; e-mail:
[email protected]
Herman H. Cheung, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of
Eastern Ontario,Research Institute,401 Smyth Road,Ottawa,Ontario K1H
8L1,Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
B. L. D. Coghlan, Centre for European Studies and General Linguistics,
University of Adelaide,Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia
William B. Coleman,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,UNC
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina
School of Medicine, Campus Box 7525, Room 515, Brinkhous-Bullitt
Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; e-mail: william.coleman@
pathology.unc.edu
James R. Davie, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, 675 McDermot Avenue,
Winnipeg,Manitoba,R3E 0V9 Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Michael J. Davies, The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road,
Camperdown,Sydney,NSW 2050,Australia; e-mail:[email protected]
Bojan Drobic, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, 675 McDermot Avenue,
Winnipeg,Manitoba,R3E 0V9 Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Anette Duensing, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh
Cancer Institute,Hillman Cancer Center,Research Pavillion,Suite 1.8,5117
Centre Avenue,Pittsburgh,PA 15213,USA; e-mail:[email protected]
Stefan Duensing, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh
Cancer Institute,Hillman Cancer Center,Research Pavillion,Suite 1.8,5117
Centre Avenue,Pittsburgh,PA 15213,USA; e-mail:[email protected]
Katherine L. Dunn,Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology,675 McDermot Avenue,
Winnipeg,Manitoba,R3E 0V9 Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
VIII List of contributors
Troy R. Durham, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of
Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood
Highway,Burwood,Victoria 3125,Australia; e-mail:[email protected]
Assam El-Osta, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct
(AMREP),Baker Medical Research Institute,Epigenetics in Human Health
and Disease Laboratory,Second Floor,Commercial Road,Prahran,Victoria
3181,Australia; e-mail:[email protected]
Paula S. Espino, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, 675 McDermot Avenue,
Winnipeg,Manitoba,R3E 0V9 Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Brian J. Estes, Chemical Structure & Dynamics, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, MS K8-88, 3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99354, USA; e-mail:
[email protected]
Jay Harper, Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital Boston, Karp
Research Building 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115,
USA; and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
02115,USA; e-mail:[email protected]
Hiroyuki Hayakawa, The Channing Laboratory, Room 861, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
e-mail:[email protected]
Okio Hino, Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; e-mail:
[email protected]
H.P.A. Jersmann, Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide,Adelaide,
SA 5005,Australia; e-mail:[email protected]
Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School
of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; e-mail:
[email protected]
Robert G. Korneluk, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of
Eastern Ontario,Research Institute,401 Smyth Road,Ottawa,Ontario K1H
8L1,Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Andreas Luch, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Cancer
Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E17-132, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA; e-mail:[email protected]
Nadja V. Melquiot, The Channing Laboratory, Room 861, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
e-mail:[email protected]
William F. Morgan, Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, BRB 7-011,
and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore,
Baltimore,MD 21201-1551,USA; e-mail:[email protected]
Marsha A. Moses, Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital Boston,
Karp Research Building 12.214, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA
02115,USA; and Department of Surgery,Harvard Medical School,Boston,
MA 02115,USA; e-mail:[email protected]
Carmel Mothersill, Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Unit,
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; e-mail:
List of contributors IX
[email protected]
Karl Münger, The Channing Laboratory, Room 861, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; e-mail:
[email protected]
Asha S. Multani, Department of Molecular Genetics, Unit # 011, The
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center,1515 Holcombe Blvd.,
Houston,TX 77030,USA
Christine L. Nguyen, The Channing Laboratory, Room 861, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
e-mail:[email protected]
Kazuo Okimoto,Toxicology Group,Safety Research Laboratories,Dainippon,
Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,33-94,Enoki-cho,Suita,Osaka 564-0053,Japan;
e-mail:[email protected]
Sen Pathak,Department of Molecular Genetics,Unit # 011,The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center,1515 Holcombe Blvd.,Houston,TX
77030,USA; e-mail:[email protected]
David I. Pattison, The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road,
Camperdown,Sydney,NSW 2050,Australia; e-mail:[email protected]
Stavroula Raptis, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,Mount Sinai Hospital,600 University
Avenue, 9th Floor, Room 992B, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; and
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of
Toronto,Toronto,ON,M5S1A1,Canada; e-mail:[email protected]
Marianne Sowa,Chemical Structure & Dynamics,Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, MS K8-88, 3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99354, USA; e-mail:
[email protected]
C. B. Seymour, Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Unit,
McMaster University,Hamilton,Ontario L8S 4K1,Canada
Elizabeth T. Snow, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of
Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood
Highway,Burwood,Victoria 3125,Australia; e-mail:[email protected]
Gregory J. Tsongalis, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of
Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756,
USA
XI
Preface
This volume began with an invitation from the publishers to edit a volume of
EXS on Cancer. This invitation undoubtedly derived from my articles in
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences in 2002 and 2003 on the relationships
between the morphology,aetiology and pathogenesis of tumours,especially in
relation to genetic instability. After many years of teaching the theories of can-
cer in undergraduate medical school courses,it seemed to me that the variably
chaotic histopathologic features of tumours parallel in some way,the variably
unstable genomes of tumour cells,which were being discovered in the 1990s.
Thus the title of the volume has come to include morphology, carcinogenesis
and genetic instability.
The invitation came while I was working with Herrn Dr. med. Hubertus
Jersmann (MD Düsseldorf, PhD, now Senior Lecturer in Medicine of the
University of Adelaide) and Professor Brian Coghlan (Emeritus Professor of
German, the University of Adelaide), on the work of the nineteenth century
cancer pathologists,especially David Paul von Hansemann (1858–1920). With
the delivery of the manuscripts from the authors of the chapters, it became
obvious that a background chapter for the volume could include some of the
material which we had “uncovered” together. Because of this, chapter 1 is
authored by the three of us,and the “new”material figures prominently.
I am extremely grateful to the contributors of the chapters, without whom,
of course there could be no volume at all,and to Dr. Beatrice Menz,the super-
vising editor at Birkhäuser,who has been unfailingly helpful and patient.
The staff of the Barr-Smith Library at the University of Adelaide were very
helpful throughout and Mr. Peter Dent of the Photography Department of the
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science,Adelaide,assisted with the design
of the cover.
Leon P. Bignold March 2005