California

2005·3.2 MB·English

by  Kim L Marsden

2005] NOTEWORTHY COLLECTIONS 271
wasespecially wet andalsocoincided with abroadsurvey [R. Moran, SD 63461] about 154 kilometers northward
ofthe vegetation ofthe Phoenix area by the Central Ari- into southern California. The specific epithet californica
zona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research project at refers to Baja California; the type collection is fromBahia
Arizona State University, making finding this plant more Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico.
likely. In any case, as far as we know there are no prior —
collections in Arizona, but we expect O. piluliferum to Kim L. Marsden and Larry E. Hendrickson, Cal-
become a widespread invasive species within a few years. ifornia State Parks, Colorado Desert District, 200 Palm
We have observed additional populations along roads and Canyon Drive, Borrego Springs, CA 92004.
in particular in natural desert conditions. The introduction
of this species serves as an example of the potential im- —
pact of non-native ornamental plants, even attractive spe- Drosera X HYBRiDA Macf. (Droseraceae) Plumas
cies, on native vegetation. county, California, 40°00.727'N, 120°59.586'W, elevation
Prof A.E. van Wyk of the University of Pretoria in 1160 m, 1 September 2004. Plants were found flowering
South Africa, was asked if he had any information about in a wet seep among Drosera rotundifolia L. at the But-
this species and he replied: "The widely used Afrikaans terfly Valley Botanical Area near Quincy.
name "stinknet" means "—stink only", because the plant Previous knowledge. This taxon, a hybrid between the
is useless as a stock feed it only stinks. Another com- two eastern North American species Drosera filiformis
monly used local name, and perhaps the oldest in Afri- Raf. and Drosera intermedia Hayne, is known only from
kaans, is "stinkkruid", meaning "stink herb". In former a few locations in New Jersey (D.E. Schnell, 2002, Car-
times the plant was widely used medicinally in the Cape nivorous Plants of the United States and Canada, Timber
and itmay have some virtues inthis field. Thisisastrange Press, Oregon, p 286); however, other populations of the
species. Locally it has been reported from a very wide hybrid may exist undetected in the eastern USA since the
range of habitats and soil types, though usually in open, two parent species occur together in a number of other
sunny locations. It behaves in a manner that makes one states (CT MD, MA, NC, NY, RI for Droserafiliformis
wonder whether it is really native to many parts of its yar.filiformis; AL, FL, GA, MS forDroserafiliformisvar.
current range in southern Africa. All over its range the tracyi (Macf. ex Diels) Diels). The colony of plants in
species shows weedy tendencies by invading especially Butterfly Valley, CA, was apparently introduced by car-
disturbed areas and cultivated fields. Being an annual, it nivorous plant enthusiasts (in years past, other non-native
is clearly a pioneer ofdisturbed sites. I suspect it is orig- carnivorous taxa have been found at this and other Cali-
inally a species from the Cape Floristic Region, but due fornia sites).
to agriculture has expanded locally beyond its original Significance. This population ofplants was detected by
range. To confirmthis one wouldhave to trace the earliest the authorin September2004. Atthattime, approximately
known collections and check their localities. I can, how- 40-60 rosettes occupied an area only 20 X 40 cm in size.
ever, confirm that it is not native to provinces such as Although in flower, the inflorescences did not appear to
North-West, Gauteng and Mpumalanga. Specimens from be producing viable seed. {Drosera X hybrida is sterile.)
these areas are mainly from cultivated fields, especially Misidentifications ofthis cluster ofplants are responsible
fields that are underirrigation in winter. In such fields, the forprevious listings ofDroseracmglica Huds. in Butterfly
species can form dense, almost monospecific stands, Valley, forexample Forest Service records list the discov-
whereas it is completely absentfrom adjacentnatural veg- ery of this cluster of plants, as '"Drosera anglica,'" by
etation. Hencein SouthAfricaitclearlyisaweedattimes, botanists in 18-19 September, 1992 (Jim Belsher-Howe,
atendency which signals dangershouldthe species spread Plumas Forest Service, private communication). While
far afield, as seems to be the case in the Phoenix area." Drosera anglica can be found in several sites within 50
km of this location, no genuine populations have been
—
L. R. Landrum, L. Dugan, S. Whitcomb, Arizona found in the Butterfly Valley Botanical Area. Thetwotaxa
State University Herbarium, PO. 874501, Tempe, AZ can easily be separated by the shape ofthe glandular leaf
85287. J. Anderson, BLM, Phoenix, AZ 85027. D. Dam- blade; the leafblade ofDrosera anglica is approximately
REL, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008. F. E. (2.5)3-7(10) times longer than wide, while the leafblade
Northam, 216 E. Taylor St., Tempe, AZ 85281. ofDrosera X hybrida is approximately 45-65 times lon-
ger than wide.
Drosera X hybrida reproduces by vegetative means
only, primarily by the annual production of a few lateral
California hibernacula each fall. As such, this plant has very little
chance of being a significant conservation threat to the
DiGiTARiA CALiFORNiCA (Benth.) Hcur. (POACEAE). San Butterfly Valley Botanical Area. However, if horticultur-
Diego County, 1 October 2003. Uncommon on rocky ists continue to use the area as adumping ground fornon-
schist hillside at 33°03'N, 116°38'W, 290 m elevation, in native carnivorous plants, an intractable greenhouse weed
Little Blair Valley, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. Kim such as Utricularia subulata will eventuallybe introduced
L. Marsden 154136 (SD), 1192 (BSCA).[Det. by Larry (perhaps unintentionally), as has already occurred in the
Hendrickson, 2 October 2003]. Mendocino County pygmy forests.
Previous knowledge. Arizona cottontop is native to Permission to collect specimens of these plants was
northernandcentralMexico, BajaCalifornia,Mexico,and kindly granted by staffofthe Plumas National Forest Ser-
Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas in the south- vice. Live specimens have been placed in the University
western U.S.. [Flora of North America 25 (part 2): 358- of California, Davis, Conservatory, for further study; an
383; Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1971. Manual ofthe herbarium specimen has been stored at the University of
grasses ofthe U.S.. Dover Publications, Inc. New York.] California, Davis (DAV), #BR040901.
Significance. First report and collection for California. —
This collection extends the western range of this species Barry A. Rice, International Carnivorous Plant So-
from Baja California, Mexico, near 31°46'N, 116°0rw ciety, PO. Box 72741, Davis, CA 95617.
MADRONO
272 [Vol. 52
Utr—icularia ochroleuca Hartm. (Lentibularia- morphic (all shoots bear both dissected leaves and blad-
CEAE) El Dorado county, California. 38°47.719'N, ders, but the relative proportions of leaves vs. bladders
119°58.012'W, elevation 2350 m, 7 August 2004. Grass subject to variation); ultimate leaf segments bear 2-7 se-
Lake, nearLuther's Pass. Plants were foundin sterilecon- tulose bristles on pronounced marginal teeth; the four
dition in afewcm ofwateron the floating vegetation mat. arms ofthe bladderquadrifid glands are in twooppositely
Previous knowledge. Circumboreal, found in northern, directed pairs, where each pair of arms diverge by more
central, and western Europe, Afghanistan, Japan, and than 30 degrees; leaftips acute. In Utricularia ochroleuca
North America. In North America, found in several Ca- s. str., the pair of long gland arms diverge by 30-45 de-
nadian provinces, south to the USA (Washington, Oregon, grees; the pair of short arms diverge by 90-160 degrees.
California, Colorado, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, MN). It In Utricularia stygia, the pair oflong gland arms diverge
was first detected in California in 1994 at Lake Almanor by 20-45 degrees; the pair of short arms diverge by 40-
in Plumas County (J.H. Rondeau, Madrono, 1998, 45: 80 degrees.
184-185). In 1998 I detected it at a new site (Willow —
Lake, less than 15 km to the northwest). However, its first Barry A. Rice, International Carnivorous Plant So-
known herbarium collection in California (CHSC 54403) ciety, RO. Box 72741, Davis, CA 95617.
was actually in 1991 from yet another nearby site (Little
Willow Lake) but this collection was misclassified as U. —
intermedia Hayne; in 2004 I examined this specimen and SalviniaMOLESTA D. S. Mitch. (Salviniaceae). Orange
correctly identified it as U. ochroleuca. The new collec- Co., City of Anaheim, flood plain N of Santa Ana River,
tion, at Grass Lake in El Dorado County, isapproximately Anaheim Wetlands Reserve, ca. 0.5 km EofWierCanyon
210 km to the southeast of the three Plumas County lo- Rd., uncommon but widespread in a large constructed
cations. pond overgrown with Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)
Significance. This new location at Grass Lake repre- Solms., UTM lis 430914E 3748784N (NAD 83)
sents a significant range extension south in California. Of- [33°52'38"N 117°44'49"W], elev. 102 m (334'), 25 Sep
ten confused with the more common Utricularia inter- 2004, Riefner 04-441 (RSA).
media Hayne, Utriculariaochroleucacanbedistinguished Previous knowledge. Salvinia molesta (giant salvinia,
using gross vegetative characters (P. Taylor, The Genus Kariba weed) is an invasive, free-floating aquatic fern na-
Utricularia: a TaxonomicMonograph, 1989, Kew Bulletin tive to South America (Brazil), which has become a trou-
Additional Series XIV). Goran Thor {Nord. J. Bot., 1988, blesome pest in Africa, Australia, Hawaii, India, Mauri-
8(3): 213-225.) emphasizes the use of bladder quadrifid tius, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, NewZealand, andelsewhere
glands to identify boreal Utricularia species, and uses (Holm et al. 1977, The World's worst weeds: Distribution
quadrifid gland criteria to divide Utricularia ochroleuca andbiology. University PressofHawaii, Honolulu;Meyer
sensu lato into a more narrowly defined Utricularia och- 2000, in: Sherley [tech. ed.]. Invasive species in the Pa-
roleuca sensu stricto and Utricularia stygia Thor. Using cific, South Pacific Regional Environment Programme,
his criteria, previouscollectionsofUtriculariaochroleuca Samoa). In the U.S., S. molesta was first observedoutside
in Willow Lake and Little Willow Lake would be more of cultivation in South Carolina (Johnson 1995, Aquatics
properly interpreted as Utricularia sts^gia. Ifthis interpre- 17:22). Ithas now alsobeenreported in Alabama,Florida,
tation is correct, the Willow Lake and Little Willow Lake Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas,
plants would be the only stations for Utricularia stygia in and as far west as Arizona and California (Jacono et al.
the lower48 states ofthe USA (E. Schlosser, Carnivorous 2001, Castanea 66:214-226; DiTomaso and Healy 2003,
Plant Newsletter, 2003, 32: 113-121). It is unclear ifthe Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West, University of
Lake Almanor plants are more closely allied with U. sty- California Agriculture and Natural Resource Publication
gia or U. ochroleuca s. str. In contrast, quadrifid gland 3421, Oakland). Records in California are from canals in
arms in the plants from Grass Lake indicate these plants the lower Colorado River drainage near Winterhaven in
are Utricularia ochroleuca s. str. Previous records of U. Imperial County and nearBlythe in RiversideCounty, and
stygia in North America are restricted to Canada (Nova private ponds in San Diego (Fallbrook) and San Luis
Scotia, and Northwest Territories) and Alaska (Thor Obispo (Price Canyon Rd.) counties (Hrusa et al. 2002,
1988). Madrono 49:61-98). Salvinia molesta has also been re-
The population of plants found at Grass Lake was ported from the San Diego River, San Diego County, but
small, so a relatively depauperate collection was obtained no specimen has been seen (Hrusa et al. loc. cit.). The
for the Herbarium (DAV) at the University ofCalifornia, Fallbrook pond population, also in San Diego County,
Davis, #BR040801. may have been purposely planted for cultivation and sale
The three species iU. intermedia, U. stygia, and U. och- (Hrusa et al. loc. cit.).
roleuca s. str.) can be distinguished using the following Significance. This collection represents the first record
vegetative features. Quadrifid gland observations must be from Orange County and the Santa Ana River watershed,
made at 200X or higher magnification. Floral characters and the first confirmed naturalizedoccurrenceofgiantsal-
are not noted below since the latter two species rarely vinia from coastal lowlands in southern California. Sal-
flower in California. The interested reader is encouraged vinia molesta is one of the world's worst aquatic pests
to pursue furtherdetails in the works by Taylor, Thor, and (Holm et al. 1997, World weeds: Natural histories and
Schlosser cited above. distribution, John Wiley and Sons, NY). It is a federally
Utricularia intermedia: Stolon shoots markedly dimor- listed noxious weed (Plant Protection and Quarantine
phic (the green surface shoots bear only finely dissected 2002, Federal noxious weed list, USDA Animal and Plant
leaves, thedescending shootsbearbladdersonly);ultimate Health Inspection Service, Washington, DC.) that has the
leafsegments bear 5-12 setulose bristles on leafmargins; potential to significantly affect the ecology of freshwater
the four arms of the bladder quadrifid glands are in op- habitats throughout much of the southern U.S. (Federal
positely directed pairs ofparallel arms (i.e., diverging by Register 2003, Vol. 68:9633-9634). Salvinia molesta is
0-30 degrees); leaftips acute to obtuse. also recognized as a species with the potential to spread
Utricularia ochroleuca s. lat.: Stolon shoots weakly di- explosively in California (CAL-EPPC 1999, in: Anderson
2005] NOTEWORTHY COLLECTIONS 273
—
et al. [eds.]. Exotic plants of greatest ecological concern Meredith A. Osborne* andArthurW. Hazebrook,
in California, California Exotic Pest Plant Council). Sal- Research Associates, Center for Environmental Manage-
vinia molesta may be expected to naturalize whereverwa- ment ofMilitary Lands, Colorado State University, under
ter hyacinth {E. crassipes) persists or in areas that expe- contract to Fort Hunter Liggett, CA 93928-71 10.
rience frost but not the formation of ice on freshwaters
(Whiteman and Room 1991, Aquatic Botany 40:27-35;
DiTomaso and Healy loc. cit.). Accordingly, S. molesta
has apparently naturalized and is spreading in the mild Oregon
Mediterranean climate of the southern California coastal
zone, and should be expected elsewhere. Additional oc- Acer rubrum L. (ACERACEAE).-Lane Co., 6 m tree
currences should be sought in low-lying, slow-moving adventive in dense stand of CarWex obmipta L. H. Bailey,
waters of ponds, reservoirs, and wetlands, especially in disturbed wet prairie remnant, of Danebo Street, N of
the San Diego area and the Los Angeles basin, throughout Amazon Creek, Eugene, elev. 120 m, 7 Oct 2004, P. F.
the southern and central California coastal counties. Zika cfe E. R. Alverson 20377 (OSC, WTU).
— Previous knowledge. Red maple is native to eastern
Richard E. Riefner, Jr., 5 Timbre, Rancho Santa North America, west to Manitoba. It is commonly planted
Margarita, CA 92688 and Steve Boyd, Herbarium, Ran- as an ornamental west of the Cascades in Oregon and
cho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 N. College Avenue, Washington.
Claremont, CA 91711. Significance. First report for Oregon as an escape from
cultivation.
Carextribuloides Wahlenb. var. tribuloides (CYPER-
Tropi—docarpum capparideum E. Greene (BRASSICA- ACEAE).-MultnomahCo., siltybankonEshoreofSandy
CEAE). Monterey Co.: Fort HunterLiggett. Adjacentto River delta, elev. 5 m, 26 Jul 2000, P. F. Zika 15116
Gabilan Rd, ca. 1.3 km SSE ofintersection with SanMig- (MICH, WTU; dupl. det. by A. A. Reznicek).
uelito Loop Rd, Gabilan Valley. Scattered in frequently Previous knowledge. Blunt broomsedge is native to
burned, open, annual, disturbed grassland in large swale eastern North America, west to Nebraska. It is adventive
on Salinas clay-loam, withAvena barbata, Centaureasol- on the lower Eraser River in British Columbia (Douglas
stitalis, Bromus hordeaceus, Lupinus nanus, andErodium and Ceska 2001, In: Douglas et al. (eds.). IllustratedFlora
sp., near 35.9238°N, 121.2400°W., elev. ca. 350 m., 19 of British Columbia, Vol. 6. Monocotyledons (Acoraceae
Apr 2000, Meredith Osborne 16, with Louann Guzman, through Najadaceae), British Columbia Ministry of En-
Daryl Witmore, and Laura Eliassen (CDA, MO, SBBG), vironment, Lands and Parks, Ministry ofForests,Victoria,
det. Ihsan Al-Shebaz (MO). West ofGabilan Crk, ca. 0.4 BC, p. 18-158).
km S ofjet of Gabilan and San Miguelito Loop roads; Significance. First record for Oregon.
near 35.92725°N, 121.24181°W., elev. ca. 380 m., 29 Apr CotoneasterMUCRONATUSFranch. (ROSACEAE).-Ben-
2001, D.H.Wilken 15876 with A. Hazebrook and T. Mo- ton Co., adventive in mesic disturbed forest, E slope of
rosco (JEPS, MO, SBBG), det. Ihsan Al-Shebaz (MO). Witham Hill, elev. 100 m, 28 Oct 2003, P. F. Zika 19264
Previous knowledge. Known from northwestern San (OSC, WTU; dupl. det. J. Fryer); same site, 15 May 2004,
Joaquin Valley near Mt. Diablo (Alameda, Contra Costa, P. F. Zika 19584 (WTU).
and San Joaquin counties) in grasslands on low hills and Previous knowledge. Native to western China. Mucro-
valleys with alkaline soils (P. Munz, A California Flora, nate cotoneaster is an infrequent ornamental planting in
1963; R. Rollins, The Cruciferae of continental North western Oregon. It escapes from cultivation in England
America, 1993). AlsoreportedfromGlenn, Monterey,and (Stace 1997, New Floraofthe British Isles, 2nded., Cam-
Santa Clara counties (D. Tibor, editor, CNPS Inventory, bridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.).
6thedition, 2001), butbelievedextirpatedatallpreviously Significance. First collection as a wild plant in Oregon.
known sites. A specimen from Fresno County (H. de For- Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E. H. Wilson (ROSA-
est in 1930, RSA) provides no location. A collection from CEAE).-Lane Co., thickets, S slope ofSkinner Butte, Eu-
"Jolon Grade", Monterey County by C. Thurcan in 1920 gene, elev. 165 m, 7 Nov 2004, E. R. Alverson s.n. (OSC).
(RSA) belongs to T. gracile Hook. (det. Steve Boyd. Previousknowledge. Few-floweredcotoneasterisnative
RSA). to western China. It is infrequently planted ingardens,and
Significance. First verified records from Monterey is locally escaped from cultivation in King Co., Washing-
County, andfirst observations since 1957. Previouslycon- ton (Zika 2002, Madrono 49: 195-197).
sidered extinct (D. Tibor, editor, CNPS Inventory, 6thedi- Significance. First record as a garden escape inOregon.
tion, 2001). In 2001, the Gabilan Valley population con- Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. (ROSACEAE).-Jack-
sisted of ca. 300 plants scattered widely within 20 acres. son Co., adventive on dry forested slope, Waterline Road.
In 2002, this population was more closely surveyed and Ashland, elev. 700 m. 19 May 2004. P. F. Zika J9658
ca. 600 plants were observed over the same area. A sec- (OSC).
ond population at Fort Hunter Liggett was found near El Previousknowledge. Native to southwestern China. Sil-
Piojo Creek, Long Valley, ca. 1.3 mi NW of Sam Jones verleafcotoneasteris a occasional escape fromcultivation
Rd, near 35.889°N, 121.173rw, Elev. 350 m, 13 May on the coast of California. Prior reports of this species
1999, A. Hazebrook and S. Weis s.n., where it occurred from Oregon were based on misidentifications.
in a frequently burned grassland/oak savanna on moder- Significance. First collection as a wild plant in Oregon.
ately alkaline, slowly draining silty clay soil with Bromus Hedera colchica (K. Koch) K. Koch (ARALI-
hordeaceus, Vulpia myuros, Erodium cicutarium, Lupinus ACEAE).-Curry Co., locally common, climbing 5 m into
bicolor, and Hemizonia lobbii. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere, Thuja plicata Donn ex
D. Don, dense thickets along Route 101, nearCoos Coun-
ty line. elev. 30 m. 17 May 2004. P. F. Zika 19623 (OSC.
* Current address: California Department of Fish and WTU).
Game, 4949 Viewridge Avenue, San Diego, CA, 92123. Previous knowledge. Persian ivy is native to the Cau-