PROFIBUS & PROFIBUS and PROFINET UK Andy Verwer, Conference, Verwer Training & PROFINET Stratford-upon-Avon Consultancy Ltd 23/24 June 2015 UK PITC System Design System Design What do we mean by System Design? • We are talking here about Network Design, i.e. PROFIBUS, PROFINET, and the integration of other technologies such as standard Ethernet, AS‐i, IO‐Link etc. • Choosing and putting together a collection of available parts to achieve the desired automation functions, performance, reliably and at the minimum cost. It should be simple: 1. Understand the desired functions. 2. Understand where costs are incurred. 3. Understand what makes systems reliable/unreliable. 4. Select suitable parts. 5. Assemble according to the specifications. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer System Costs 3 Most system designers and project managers look at the project procurement, installation and deployment costs when they price a job. However, the costs of an automation system spread over the life cycle of the plant and should include maintenance, fault‐ finding and health‐checking. Perhaps most important is the cost in terms of loss of production should faults develop during the lifetime of the plant. Spending a little more at procurement time can repay many times over. Also good fault tolerant design need not be more expensive. Sometimes fault tolerance can be achieved at no additional cost. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer Life cycle costs 4 The procurement, installation and commissioning costs are only incurred at the start of the project. System overhaul Costs from device failures increase as equipment gets older. When system overhaul is undertaken this can partially reset the increasing cost of failures. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer Control System Design Control system design normally proceeds by building on the experience obtained from previous designs. But, designs which are based on badly designed systems will be bad! Only by using experience from operations and maintenance staff can we develop good system designs. In my experience it is rare for such feedback mechanisms to be present. Particularly when design is carried out by sub‐ contractors. Designers must know about mistakes that have been made in the past. Feedback from operations and maintenance is essential. The contract liability threat and accompanying blame culture is often responsible for preventing this feedback. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer System Costs 6 Maximising plant availability is critical in reducing the total costs of the system. It is essential that the System Designer understands: That minimising plant down time when faults inevitably occur (i.e. maximising plant availability) is a key requirement. The impact of the network layout on plant reliability. That the incorporation of network health checking and fault finding facilities are essential. How to appropriately use features such as redundancy and network monitoring and rapid fault location and repair to improve plant availability. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer Introduction 7 The parts of a control system will fail whilst in service. The consequences of failures are often predictable, but the failures themselves are unpredictable. The design of a reliable control system is not simple. … and should be accompanied by analysis of how parts fail and of the consequences of these failures. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer Minimising the failure footprint A good network design will minimise the effect on production when inevitable failures occur. We can speak of minimising the “failure footprint”. Fault effect Fault duration Fault frequency There are three basic ways to minimise the impact of faults: • Make failures less likely – Minimise failure frequency. • Restrict the effects of any failures that will inevitably occur. • Provide for rapid fault detection or performance degradation, rapid location and rapid repair – Minimise failure duration. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer Minimising the failure footprint 1. Make failures less likely – Minimise failure frequency. Understand and implement the design and installation rules. Improve reliability ‐ use of well tested (certified) and reliable devices, connectors and network components. For PROFIBUS use the lowest possible bit rate that gives the required performance. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer Minimising the failure footprint 2. Restrict the effects of any failures that will inevitably occur – Minimise failure extent. Well thought out network layout and design. Think about using: Separate networks or different masters (distributed control), Different segments (segmentation), Dealing with common cause failures. PROFIBUS & PROFINET Conference, June 2015 PROFIBUS & PROFINET System Design, Andy Verwer
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