Burgos in the Peninsular War, 1808–1814: Occupation, Siege, Aftermath PDF
Preview Burgos in the Peninsular War, 1808–1814: Occupation, Siege, Aftermath
War,CultureandSociety,1750–1850 Series Editors: Rafe Blaufarb (Tallahassee, USA), Alan Forrest (York, UK), and KarenHagemann(ChapelHill,USA) Editorial Board: Michael Broers (Oxford, UK), Christopher Bayly (Cambridge, UK), Richard Bessel (York, UK), Sarah Chambers (Minneapolis, USA), Laurent Dubois (Durham, USA), Etienne François (Berlin, Germany), Janet Hartley (London,UK),WayneLee(ChapelHill,USA),JaneRendall(York,UK),Reinhard Stauber(Klagenfurt,Austria) Titlesinclude: RichardBessel,NicholasGuyattandJaneRendall(editors) WAR,EMPIREANDSLAVERY,1770–1830 EvelineG.Bouwers PUBLICPANTHEONSINREVOLUTIONARYEUROPE ComparingCulturesofRemembrance,c.1790–1840 MichaelBroers,AgustinGuimeraandPeterHick(editors) THENAPOLEONICEMPIREANDTHENEWEUROPEANPOLITICALCULTURE GavinDaly THEBRITISHSOLDIERINTHEPENINSULARWAR EncounterswithSpainandPortugal,1808–1814 CharlesJ.EsdaileandPhilipFreeman BURGOSINTHEPENINSULARWAR,1808–1814 Occupation,Siege,Aftermath AlanForrest,EtienneFrançoisandKarenHagemann(editors) WARMEMORIES TheRevolutionaryandNapoleonicWarsinModernEuropeanCulture AlanForrest,KarenHagemannandJaneRendall(editors) SOLDIERS,CITIZENSANDCIVILIANS ExperiencesandPerceptionsoftheRevolutionaryandNapoleonicWars, 1790–1820 AlanForrestandPeterH.Wilson(editors) THEBEEANDTHEEAGLE NapoleonicFranceandtheEndoftheHolyRomanEmpire,1806 RasmusGlenthøjandMortenNordhagenOttosen EXPERIENCESOFWARANDNATIONALITYINDENMARKANDNORWAY, 1807–1815 KarenHagemann,GiselaMetteleandJaneRendall(editors) GENDER,WARANDPOLITICS TransatlanticPerspectives,1755–1830 LeightonJames WITNESSINGTHEREVOLUTIONARYANDNAPOLEONICWARSINGERMAN CENTRALEUROPE CatrionaKennedy NARRATIVESOFTHEREVOLUTIONARYANDNAPOLEONICWARS MilitaryandCivilianExperienceinBritainandIreland CatrionaKennedyandMatthewMcCormack(editors) SOLDIERINGINBRITAINANDIRELAND,1750–1850 MenofArms RalphKingston BUREAUCRATSANDBOURGEOISSOCIETY OfficePoliticsandIndividualCredit,France1789–1848 MarkLawrence SPAIN’SFIRSTCARLISTWAR,1833–40 KevinLinch BRITAINANDWELLINGTON’SARMY Recruitment,SocietyandTradition,1807–1815 PierreSerna,AntoninoDeFrancescoandJudithMiller REPUBLICSATWAR,1776–1840 Revolutions,ConflictsandGeopoliticsinEuropeandtheAtlanticWorld Marie-CécileThoral FROMVALMYTOWATERLOO FranceatWar,1792–1815 MarkWishon GERMANFORCESANDTHEBRITISHARMY InteractionsandPerceptions,1742–1815 ChristineWright WELLINGTON’SMENINAUSTRALIA PeninsularWarVeteransandtheMakingofEmpirec.1820–40 War,CultureandSociety,1750–1850 SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–54532–8hardback 978–0–230–54533–5paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to usattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesand oneoftheISBNsquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS,England Burgos in the Peninsular War, 1808–1814 Occupation, Siege, Aftermath Charles J. Esdaile ProfessorinHistory,UniversityofLiverpool,UK Philip Freeman SeniorLecturerinArchaeology,UniversityofLiverpool,UK ©CharlesJ.EsdaileandPhilipFreeman2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-43289-6 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-49253-4 ISBN 978-1-137-43290-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137432902 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. In memory of Sergeant James Foyer, 42nd Regiment of Foot, killed in action, Burgos, 19 September 1812 This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofFigures viii SeriesPreface ix PrefaceandAcknowledgements xi 1 SourcesandQuestions 1 2 Beginnings 17 3 Occupation 41 4 TheMarch 65 5 TheSiege 84 Postscript:1813andAfter 126 Appendix1:TheArchaeology 136 Appendix2:TheCartography 142 Appendix3:TheFortressofBurgosToday 156 Notes 160 SelectBibliography 207 Index 214 vii Figures 2.1 SpainandPortugal;author’scollection 18 2.2 CentralSpain;author’scollection 19 A2.1 ‘AttackofthecastleofBurgosbetweenthe19thof Septemberandthe21stOctober1812’(i.e.the‘Jones map’);reproductioncourtesyoftheSydneyJones Library,UniversityofLiverpool 143 A2.2 ProfilesdrawnupbyJ.T.Jonestoillustratethe‘Jones map’;reproductioncourtesyoftheSydneyJones Library,UniversityofLiverpool 144 A2.3 PlandelfuertedeBurgosyproyectoderectificación,1811; reproductioncourtesyofInstitutodeHistoriay CulturaMilitar(Madrid) 146 A2.4 PlanduchateaudeBurgosrelatifaladéfensefaiteparles françaisen1812(i.e.the‘Barrièremap’);reproduction courtesyofInstitutodeHistoriayCulturaMilitar (Madrid) 148 A2.5 The‘Jonesmap’asrepackagedbyWilliamNapier, 1834;reproductioncourtesyoftheSydneyJones Library,UniversityofLiverpool 149 A2.6 The‘Jonesmap’asrepackagedbyJohnWyld,1840; reproductioncourtesyofRichardTennant 150 A2.7 The‘Jonesmap’asrepackagedbyCharlesOman,1922; author’scollection 151 A2.8 The‘Jonesmap’asrepackagedbyIanFletcher,2003; reproductioncourtesyofOspreyBooks 152 A2.9 The‘Barrièremap’asrepackagedbyJohnFortescue, 1912;reproductioncourtesyoftheNapoleonSeries 153 A2.10 The‘Barrièremap’asrepackagedbyNickLipscombe, 2010;reproductioncourtesyofOspreyBooks 154 viii Series Preface Thecenturyfrom1750to1850wasaseminalperiodofchange,notjust inEuropebutacrosstheglobe.Thepoliticallandscapewastransformed byaseriesofrevolutionsfoughtinthenameofliberty–mostnotablyin theAmericasandFrance,ofcourse,butelsewhere,too:inHollandand Geneva during the eighteenth century and across much of mainland Europeby1848.NorwaschangeconfinedtotheEuropeanworld.New ideasoffreedom,equalityandhumanrightswerecarriedtothefurthest outposts of empire, to Egypt, India and the Caribbean, which saw the creation in 1801 of the first black republic in Haiti, the former French colonyofSaint-Domingue.Andintheearlypartofthenineteenthcen- tury they continued to inspire anticolonial and liberation movements throughoutCentralandLatinAmerica. If political and social institutions were transformed by revolution in these years, so, too, was warfare. During the quarter-century of the French Revolutionary Wars, in particular, Europe was faced with the prospect of ‘total’ war, on a scale unprecedented before the twentieth century.Militaryhardware,itistrue,evolvedonlygradually,andbattles werenotnecessarilyanybloodierthantheyhadbeenduringtheSeven Years War. But in other ways these can legitimately be described as the first modern wars, fought by mass armies mobilised by national and patrioticpropaganda,leadingtothedisplacementofmillionsofpeople throughout Europe and beyond, as soldiers, prisoners of war, civilians andrefugees.Forthosewholivedthroughtheperiodthesewarswould beaformativeexperiencethatshapedtheambitionsandtheidentities ofageneration. Theaimsoftheseriesarenecessarilyambitious.Initsvariousvolumes, whethersingle-authoredmonographsorthemedcollections,itseeksto extendthescopeofmoretraditionalhistoriography.Itwillstudywarfare duringthisformativecenturynotjustinEurope,butintheAmericas,in colonial societies and across the world.It will analyse the construction ofidentitiesandpowerrelationsbyintegratingtheprincipalcategories of difference, most notably class and religion, generation and gender, race and ethnicity. It will adopt a multifaceted approach to the period, and turn to methods of political, cultural, social, military and gender ix
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