Black Man in the Netherlands Black Man in the Netherlands An Afro-Antillean Anthropology Francio Guadeloupe University Press of Mississippi / Jackson Any discriminatory or derogatory language or hate speech regarding race, ethnicity, religion, sex, gender, class, national origin, age, or disability that have been retained or appear in elided form is in no way an endorsement of the use of such language outside a scholarly context. The University Press of Mississippi is the scholarly publishing agency of the Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning: Alcorn State University, Delta State University, Jackson State University, Mississippi State University, Mississippi University for Women, Mississippi Valley State University, University of Mississippi, and University of Southern Mississippi. www.upress.state.ms.us The University Press of Mississippi is a member of the Association of University Presses. Copyright © 2022 by University Press of Mississippi All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing 2022 ∞ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Guadeloupe, Francio, 1971– author. Title: Black man in the Netherlands: an Afro-Antillean anthropology / Francio Guadeloupe. Description: Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021026462 (print) | LCCN 2021026463 (ebook) | ISBN 978-1-4968-3700-4 (hardback) | ISBN 978-1-4968-3701-1 (paperback) | ISBN 978-1-4968-3702-8 (epub) | ISBN 978-1-4968-3703-5 (epub) | ISBN 978-1-4968- 3704-2 (pdf) | ISBN 978-1-4968-3699-1 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Guadeloupe, Francio, 1971– | Anthropologists—Biography. | Racism—Netherlands. | Blacks—Netherlands. | Ethnology—Netherlands. | Ethnicity—Netherlands. | Multiculturalism—Netherlands. | Anthropology—Netherlands. | Netherlands—Race relations. | Netherlands—Ethnic relations. Classification: LCC GN308.3.N4 G83 2022 (print) | LCC GN308.3.N4 (ebook) | DDC 301.092 [B]—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021026462 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021026463 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available This book is dedicated to Peter Geschiere, a friend and mentor. Contents Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Introduction, or Rather, the Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Part 1: My World: On Urban Popular Culture and Conviviality Chapter 1: The Beginning of an Answer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Chapter 2: The Secure Dutch World of My Teenage Years. . . . . . . .6 Chapter 3: Appreciating Dutch Caribbean Ways of Being in the Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Part 2: The Outside World: Dealing with Anti-Black Racism Chapter 4: The Hostile Outside World in the Netherlands . . . . . . 23 Chapter 5: Will You Join Tarzan in Saving Us from the Unruly Multiculture? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chapter 6: Another Route: Multicultural Social Parenting. . . . . . . 51 Chapter 7: An Unfinished Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Part 3: My World Emerging in the Outside World: Urban Popular Culture and the Question of Race Chapter 8: The Coming of Age of Urban Popular Culture. . . . . . . 73 Chapter 9: Enter Urban Blackness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 viii Contents Chapter 10: Performances of Urban Blackness in the Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Chapter 11: The Transformation of Koen and Judmar . . . . . . . . 100 Chapter 12: What Exactly Is This Thing Called Race Today?. . . . . 112 By Way of Conclusion, or Rather, Another Question: What Time Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Acknowledgments The act of acknowledgment is perhaps more than anything else a confession of communal belonging. I belong to at least six such com- munities. As a senior researcher at the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, I have the distinct plea- sure of working with Gert Oostindie, Corinne Hofman, Rosemarijn Hoefte, Esther Captain, David Kloos, Alex van Stipriaan, Marieke Bloembergen, Sony Jean, Alana Osbourne, Stacey MacDonald, Sanne Rotmeijer, and Tibisay Sankatsing Nava, who are opening up area studies to global flows and therewith critically rethinking the af- terlife of colonialism. This book is a contribution to our necessary endeavor. My second intellectual home is the Anthropology Department of the University of Amsterdam. Thank you Julie McBrien, Rachel Spronk, Annelies Moors, Muriel Kiesel, Vincent de Rooij, Oskar Verkaaik, Annemarie Mol, Mattijs van de Port, Amade M’charek, Luisa Steur, Marieke Brand, Rivke Jaffe, Robert Pool, Yolanda van Ede, Eileen Moyer, Milena Veenis, Rob van Ginkel, Tina Harris, Nico Besnier, Peter van Rooden, Sarah Bracke-Grieder, Erella Gras- siani, Sruti Bala, Laurens Bakker, Anne de Jong, Alex Strating, Lieve Connick, and Noelle Steneker for making my academic home a place that strives to hold the cardinal virtue of a Marxist dedication to praxis, which opens up scholarship to hidden voices, feminist, postcolonial, and otherwise. I have witnessed that such an ethos fosters students who appreci- ate that pursuing scholarly excellence can go hand in hand with a rejection of prejudice and injustice. Of the many promising minds ix