Biomembranes Part S

813 Pages·1989·13.366 MB·English

by  Sidney Fleischer, Becca Fleischer (Eds.)

Methods in Enzymology
Volume 172
Biomembranes
Part S
Transport: Membrane Isolation and
Characterization
EDITED BY
Sidney Fleischer
Becca Fleischer
DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOOY
VANDERBILT UNNERSITY
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
Editorial Advisory Board
Yasuo Kagawa George Sachs
Ronald Kaback Antonio Scarpa
Martin Klingenberg Widmar Tanner
Robert L. Post Karl Ullrich
A?
0
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Hareonrt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
San Diego New York Berkeley Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contributors to Volume 172
elcitrA srebmun era ni sesehtnerap gniwollof the seman of .srotubirtnoc
snoitailiffA listed era .tnerruc
QAIS AL-AWQATI (4, 6), Departments of HERBERT S. CHASE, JR. (17), Department of
Medicine and Physiology, College of Phy- Medicine, Columbia University, College
sicians and Surgeons, Columbia Univer- of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,
sity, New York, New York 23001 New York 23001
DANIEL AMMANN (10), Department of Or- STEVEN CLARKE (36), Department of Chem-
ganic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute istry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular
of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, Biology Institute, University of Califor-
Switzerland nia, Los Angeles, California 42009
P. S. R. ANJANEYULU (33), Department of W. A. CRAMER (25), Department of Biologi-
Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Van- cal Sciences, Purdue University, West
derbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Lafayette, Indiana 47907
23273 MARC C. DEBELL (17), Tufts University,
JONATHAN BARASCH (6), Department of Medford, Massachusetts 55120
Medicine, College of Physicians and Sur- A. ALAN EDDY (7), Department of Bio-
geons, Columbia University, New York, chemistry and Applied Molecular Biol-
New York 23001 ogy, University of Manchester lnstitute of
H. G. B.~UMERT (32), Institut far Bioche- Science and Technology, Manchester
mie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universi- M60 1QD, England
tiit, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main ,07 Fed- OFER EIDELMAN (9), Department of Biolog-
eral Republic of Germany ical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Je-
J. K. BLASIE (23), Department of Chemis- rusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
try, University of Pennsylvania, Philadel- BRADFORD O. FANGER (35), Merrell Dow
phia, Pennsylvania 40191 Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio
JOHN R. BLINKS (12), Department of Phar- 51254
macology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, H. FASOLD (32), lnstitut fiir Biochemie, Jo-
Minnesota 55905 hann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitiit.
JOSEF BRUNNER (34), Laboratoriumfiir Bio- D-6000 Frankfurt am Main ,07 Federal
chemie, Eidgendssische Technische Republic of Germany
Hochschule Zfirich, CH-8092 Zurich, SIDNEY FLEISCHER (24), Department of Mo-
Switzerland lecular Biology, Vanderbilt University,
Z. IOAV CABANTCHIK (9), Department of Nashville, Tennessee 37235
Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew Uni- J. C. FREEDMAN (8), Department of Physi-
versity of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, ology, SUNY Health Science Center at
Israel
Syracuse, Syracuse, New York 01231
DAVID S. CAFISO (19), Department of P. N. FUm~ACHER (25), Department of Bio-
Chemistry, University of Virginia, logical Sciences, Purdue University, West
Charlottesville, Virginia 10922 Lafayette, Indiana 47907
PICO CARONI (10), Brain Research Institute, U. FORSTENBERGER (29), Biozentrum, Uni-
University of Zurich, CH-8029 Zurich, versity of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzer-
Switzerland land
ix
X CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 271
HAIM GARTY (11), Department of Mem- P. IGG~.J (29), Biozentrum, University of Ba-
brane Research, The Weizmann Institute sel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel SAMOHT M. JOVlN (27), Molecular Biology
MARK D. GELERNT (17), Department of Department, Max-Planck-lnstitute for
Medicine, St. Lukes--Roosevelt Hospi- Biophysical Chemistry, D-3400 Gbt-
tal, New York, New York 52001 tingen, Federal Republic of Germany
YANNIS SILAGROEG (21), lnstitut fiir Kris- F. B. JUNGALWALA (30), Department of
tallographie, Fachbereich Chemie, Freie Biochemistry, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Universitiit Berlin, D-IO00 Berlin 33, Fed- Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 45220
eral Republic of Germany RONALD S. KAPLAN (22), Department of
PIOTR GMAJ (20), Department of Physiol- Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Uni-
ogy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zu- versity of South Alabama, Mobile, Ala-
rich, Switzerland bama 36688
YELNATS M. GOLDIN (3), Departments of NEVETS J. D. KARLISH (l ,)1 Department of
Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, The Weizmann Institute of
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Boston, Massachusetts 51120 E. S. RENPMEK (24), Laboratory of Physical
M. GRABO (29), Hoffmann-La Roche, CH- Biology, National Institute of Arthritis
4002 Basel, Switzerland and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases,
TSNRE GRELL (21), Max-Planck-lnstitut fiir National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Biophysik, D-6000 Frankfurt, Federal Re, Maryland 29802
public of Germany NEVETS C. KING (3), Department of Biolog-
LYREHC A. GUYER (35), Department of ical Chemistry, and Molecular Pharma-
Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Van- cology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
derbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Massachusetts 51120
23273 R. K. H. KINNE (1), Max-Planck-lnstitutffir
BRUNO HAGENBUCH (20), Department of Systemphysiologie, 4600 Dortmund, Fed-
Clinical Pharmacology, University Hos- eral Republic of Germany
pital of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzer- E. KINNE-SAFFRAN (1), Max-Planck-lnsti-
land rut fiir Systemphysiologie, 4600 Dort-
ORATUY HAYASHI (28), Department of Bio- mund, Federal Republic of Germany
chemistry, Kyorin University School of HIDEO MATSUI (28), Department of Bio-
Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan chemistry, Kyorin University School of
DLORAH G. HEMPLING (15), Department of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan
Physiology, Medical University of South R. H. McCLUER (30), Department of Bio-
Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina chemistry, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cen-
52492 ter, Waltham, Massachusetts 45220
L. G. HERBETTE (23), Department of Radi- AUSTIN K. MIRCHEFF (2), Department of
ology, University of Connecticut Health Physiology and Biophysics, University of
Center, Farmington, Connecticut 23060 Southern California, School of Medicine,
NETRAAM P. HEYN (26, 31), Department of Los Angeles, California 33009
Physics, Freie Universitiit Berlin, D-IO00 HEINI MURER (20), Department of Physiol-
Berlin 38, Federal Republic of Ger- ogy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zu-
many rich, Switzerland
HCIRLU HOPFER (18), Departments of Phys- T. S. KAVON (8), Department of Physiology,
iology and Biophysics, Case Western Re- SUNY Health Science Center at Syra-
serve University, Cleveland, Ohio 60144 cuse, Syracuse, New York 01231
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 172 xi
RETEP L. NESREDEP (22), Department of Bi- School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn-
ological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins sylvania 40191
University School of Medicine, Balti- SEMAJ V. SORATS (33, 35), Department of
more, Maryland 50212 Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Van-
A. A. NOSRETEP (25), Diagnostics R & D derbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
Qaidel, San Diego, California 12129 23273
TULLIO POZZAN (14), Institute of General ONURB STIEGER (20), Department of Clini-
Pathology, University of Padua, 35100 cal Pharmacology, University Hospital of
Padua, Italy Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
M. REGENASS (29), Biozentrum, Friedrich TOSHlO TAKAGI (28), Institute for Protein
Research, Osaka University, Suita,
Meischer-Institut, CH-4002 Basel, Switz-
Osaka 565, Japan
erland
DAVID R. TRENTrtAM (16), Physical Bio-
NODROG P. REID (16), Physical Biochemis-
chemistry Division, National Institute for
try Division, National Institute for Medi-
Medical Research, London NW7 1AA,
cal Research, London NW7 1AA, En-
England
gland
REGOR TSIEN (14), Department of Physiol-
J. P. HCSUBNESOR (29), Biozentrum, Uni-
ogy-Anatomy, University of California,
versity of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzer-
Berkeley, California 02749
land
M. D. ULLMAN (30), Research Service,
HAGAI GREBNETTOR (5), Department of Pa-
ENRM Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Mas-
thology, Hahnemann University, Phila-
sachusetts 01730
delphia, Pennsylvania 20191
JANET NAV GREBSLEDA (6), Department of
HORST RUF (21), Max-Planck-Institut far
Medicine, Columbia University, College
Biophysik, D-6000 Frankfurt, Federal Re-
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,
public of Germany
New York 23001
J. W. SHIVER (25), Experimental Immunol- WINCHIL L. C. VAZ (27), Molecular Biology
ogy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Department, Max-Planck-lnstitute for
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Biophysical Chemistry, D-3400 G6t-
Maryland 29802
tingen, Federal Republic of Germany
H. SHUMAN (13), Pennsylvania Muscle In- JEFFERY W. WALKER (16), Department of
stitute, University of Pennsylvania School Physiology, University of Wisconsin,
of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Madison, Wisconsin 53706
40191
KUAN WANG (35), Clayton Foundation Bio-
YARRUM D. SMIGEL (36), Convex Computer chemical Institute, Department of Chem-
Corporation, Richardson, Texas 38057 istry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
A. P. SOMLYO (13), Pennsylvania Muscle 21787
Institute, University of Pennsylvania W. R. WIDGER (25), Department of Bio-
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn- chemical and Biophysical Sciences, Uni-
sylvania 40191 versity of Houston, Houston, Texas 40077
A. V. OYLMOS (13), Pennsylvania Muscle M. ZULAUE (29), Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-
Institute, University of Pennsylvania 4002 Basel, Switzerland
Preface
Biological transport is part of the Biomembranes series of Methods in
Enzymology. It is a continuation of methodology concerned with mem-
brane function. This is a particularly good time to cover the topic of
biological membrane transport because there is now a strong conceptual
basis for its understanding. The field of transport has been subdivided into
five topics.
.1 Transport in Bacteria, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts
2. ATP-Driven Pumps and Related Transport
3. General Methodology of Cellular and Subcellular Transport
4. Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Eukaryotic (Nonepithelial)
Cells
5. Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Epithelial Cells
Topic I, covered in Volumes 521 and 126, initiated the series. Topic 2
is covered in Volumes 651 and 157. Topic 3 is covered in Volumes 171 and
172. The remaining two topics will appear in subsequent volumes of the
Biomembranes series.
Topic 3 provides general methodology and concepts. Its coverage
includes theory and general methodology for the study of biomembranes.
It is divided into two parts: Volume 171 (Part R) which covers Transport
Theory: Cells and Model Membranes and this volume (Part S) which
covers Transport: Membrane Isolation and Characterization.
We are fortunate to have the good counsel of our Advisory Board.
Their input insures the quality of these volumes. The same Advisory
Board has served for the complete transport series. Valuable input on the
outlines of the five topics was also provided by Qais AI-Awqati, Ernesto
Carafoli, Halvor Christensen, Isadore Edelman, Joseph Hoffman, Phil
Knauf, and Hermann Passow.
The names of our advisory board members were inadvertantly omitted
in Volumes 521 and 126. When we noted the omission, it was too late to
rectify the problem. For volumes 521 and 126, we are also pleased to
acknowledge the advice of Angelo Azzi, Youssef Hatefi, Dieter Oes-
terhelt, and Peter Pedersen.
The enthusiasm and cooperation of the participants have enriched and
made these volumes possible. The friendly cooperation of the staff of
Academic Press is gratefully acknowledged.
iiix
xiv ECAFERP
These volumes are dedicated to Professor Sidney Colowick, a dear
friend and colleague, who died in 1985. We shall miss his wise counsel,
encouragement, and friendship.
SIDNEY FLEISCHER
ACCEB FLEISCHER
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued)
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA VICTOR GRUBSNIG
VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD
VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited by RONALD W. KOORBATSE DNA DRANYAM E. NAMLLUP
VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS
VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
XV
xvi METHODS IN YGOLOMYZNE
EMULOV XIII. Citric Acid Cycle
Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XIV. Lipids
Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XV. Steroids and Terpenoids
Edited by DNOMYAR I. NOTYALC
EMULOV XVI. Fast Reactions
Edited by HTENNEK NITSUK
EMULOV XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and B)
Edited by TREBREH ROBAT DNA CELIA WHITE ROBAT
EMULOV XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C)
Edited by DLANOD B. KCIMROCCM DNA LEUMEL D. THGIRW
EMULOV XIX. Proteolytic Enzymes
Edited yb EDURTREG E. NNAMLREP DNA OLZSAL DNAROL
EMULOV XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part C)
Edited by KIVIE EVADLOM DNA ECNERWAL NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXI. Nucleic Acids (Part D)
Edited by ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques
Edited by MAILLIW B. YBOKAJ
EMULOV XXIII. Photosynthesis (Part A)
Edited by YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV XXIV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B)
Edited by YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part B)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
SDOHTEM IN YGOLOMYZNE xvii
VOLUME XXVII. Enzyme Structure (Part D)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA SERGE N. TIMASHEFF
VOLUME XXVIII. Complex Carbohydrates (Part B)
Edited by VICTOR GRUBSNIG
VOLUME XXIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part E)
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVlE EVADLOM
VOLUME XXX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part F)
Edited by KIVIE MOLDAVE AND LAWRENCE GROSSMAN
VOLUME XXXI. Biomembranes (Part A)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP
VOLUME XXXII. Biomembranes (Part B)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP
VOLUME XXXIII. Cumulative Subject Index Volumes I-XXX
Edited by MARTHA G. DENNIS DNA EDWARD A. DENNIS
VOLUME XXXIV. Affinity Techniques (Enzyme Purification: Part B)
Edited by WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ DNA MEIR WILCHEK
VOLUME XXXV. Lipids (Part B)
Edited by JOHN M. LOWENSTEIN
VOLUME XXXVI. Hormone Action (Part A: Steroid Hormones)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
VOLUME XXXVII. Hormone Action (Part B: Peptide Hormones)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
VOLUME XXXVIII. Hormone Action (Part C: Cyclic Nucleotides)
Edited by JOEL G. HARDMAN DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
VOLUME XXXIX. Hormone Action (Part D: Isolated Cells, Tissues, and
Organ Systems)
Edited by JOEL G. HARDMAN DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
EMULOV XL. Hormone Action (Part E: Nuclear Structure and Function)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
lnVX ..o SDOHTEM NI YGOLOMYZNE
EMULOV XLI. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part )B
Edited by W. A. DOOW
EMULOV XLII. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part )C
Edited by W. A. DOOW
EMULOV XLIII. Antibiotics
Edited by NHOJ H. HSAH
EMULOV XLIV. Immobilized Enzymes
Edited by SUALK HCABSOM
EMULOV XLV. Proteolytic Enzymes (Part )B
Edited by OLZSAL DNAROL
EMULOV XLVI. Affinity Labeling
Edited by WILLIAM B. JAKOBY AND MEIR WILCHEK
EMULOV XLVII. Enzyme Structure (Part E)
Edited by C. H. .W HIRS DNA EGRES N. EEEHSAMIT
EMULOV XLVIII. Enzyme Structure (Part F)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. EEEHSAMIT
EMULOV XLIX. Enzyme Structure (Part G)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. EFEHSAMIT
EMULOV L. Complex Carbohydrates (Part C)
Edited yb ROTCIV GRUBSNIG
EMULOV LI. Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism
detidE yb PATRICIA A. HOFEEE AND MARY ELLEN JONES
EMULOV LII. Biomembranes (Part C: Biological Oxidations)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LESTER PACKER
EMULOV LIII. Biomembranes (Part D: Biological Oxidations)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LESTER PACKER
EMULOV LIV. Biomembranes (Part E: Biological Oxidations)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LESTER PACKER