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DOCUMENT. RESUME ED 300 241 SE 049 756 TITLE Biological Science: An Ecological Approach. BSCS Green Version. Teacher's Edition. Sixth Edition. Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, Colorado INSTITUTION Springs. ISBN-0-8403-4181-4 REPORT NO PUB DATE 87 1,126p.; For Student Study Guide, see SE 049 755; NOTE Teacher's Resource Book, see SE 049 757. Drawings, colored print and photographs may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROM Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 2640 Kerper Blvd., Dubuque, IA 52001 ($25.90). PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) MF08 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS *Biological Sciences; Hazardous Materials; Instructional Materials; *Laboratory Procedures; School Safety; *Science Activities; Science Education; Science Experiments; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science; *Teaching Methods; *Textbooks *Biological Sciences Curr Study Green Version IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT This book is the teacher's adition to the 1987 edition of the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study Green 7ersion textbook. It contains directions for teaching with this version, a description of the accompanying materials, teaching strategies by chapters, lists of useful software, safety guidelines, a materials list, chemical safety information, and the complete student edition of the textbook with answers to the exercises. Annotations in the margins of the text provide objectives, directions for preparation of materials for activities, suggestions for discussion, and suggestions for teacher questions. The 25 chapters of this curriculum are organized into five major sections: (1) "The World of Life: The Biosphere"; (2) "Continuity in the Biosphere"; (3) "Diversity and Adaptation in the Biosphere"; (4) "Functioning Organisms in the Biosphere"; and (5) "Patterns in the Biosphere." Appendices include laboratory procedures, a list of additional activities, and a taxonomy of the major groups of living things in the biosphere. (CW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *************************************************1.********************* 11 oakinaawr or IEDUCAT1ON- and Improvernint, Offfes of Educational Research RESOURCES INFORMATION E UCARONAL f FRIO -GENIE his been reproduced is This document or organization' received from the person rutting it Improve have been made to 0 Minor changes reproduction quality in this door" Pdirits of view or opinionsstated represent officsal, ment do not necessanly OEM position or policy THIS ::7)EFIMISSION To REPRODUCE ONLY 4MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE- "WAS BEEN GRANTED BY AR. 4444rit 4/411,"'7_ EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE. TO THE itiNFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." e. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE: An Ecological Approach . 1 r e , ^ 1 ' 7 e t , ' ' ' " , " P " c 1 " * ' " ' ' " " BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE: An Ecological Approach Sixth Edition BSCS Green Version BSCS The Colorado College Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903 EDITION] 1 TEACHER'S Revision Team Jean P. Milani, BSCS, Revision Coordinator Frank C. Erk, State University of New York at Stony Brook Joseph D. McInerney, Director, BSCS Paul D. McIver, Englewood High School, Eng!-,wood, Colorado William V. Mayer, President Emeritus, BSCS Fran Slowiczek, San Diego County Office of Education Carol Leth Stone, Science Writer, Alameda, California Gordon E. Uno, University of Oklahoma, Norman It Indall/c1-hult Publishing Company 2460 Kerber Boulevard P.O. Box 539. Dubuque, Iowa 52001 1 "0 Cover photo by Ken DeQuaine, Middleton, Wisconsin Copyright 0 1987 by BSCS ISBN 0-8403-4181-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Printed in the United States of America 4 3 9 7 6 2 10 8 5 1 BSCS Production Staff Contributors Lynne A. Chase Charles R. Barman, Indiana University at Kokomo. Anthony A. Hank Edward Drexler, Pius XI High School, Milwaukee Thelma G. Hyson Donald P. Kelley, South Burlington, Vermont Robin J. Miyahara James L. Koevenig, University of Central Florida, Orlando Douglas J. Robert William H. Leonrrd, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina Doug Sokell Brenda L. Vance Don E. Meyer, Boulder, Colorado Katherine A. Winternitz Kenneth G. Rainis, Ward's Natural Science Establishment Richard R. Tolman, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah William L. Wissinger, Saint Bonaventure University, Saint Artists Bonaventure, New York David A. Zegers, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania Carl J. Bandy Bill Border Randall E. Kochevar Content Reviewers Marjorie C. Leggitt Yates Malmin Kenneth Andrews, The Colorado College, Colorado Springs Paula Nichols Robert Blystone, Trinity University, San Antonio William Cairney, United States Air Force Academy Jack L Carter, The Colorado College, Colorado Springs Garrett Hardin, University of California, Santa Barbara BSCS Administrative Staff Werner G. Heim, The Colorado College, Colorado Springs Pat Huwa, Cherry Creek High School, Englewood, Colorado Jane Butler Kahle, Chair, Board of Directors James L Koevenig, University of Central Florida, Orlando Joseph D. McInerney, Director ho Lindauer, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley Lynn Margu lis, Boston University Raylene Owen, Cherry Creek High School, Englewood, Colorado R. Craig Postlewaite,United States Air Force Academy 'Richard S!orey, The Colorado College, Colorado Springs Sally Swart.4, Cherry Creek High School, Englewood, Colorado Gordon E.:Uno, University of Oklahoma, Norman E. Peter Volpe, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia Barbara Winternitz, The Colorado College, Colorado Springs Acknowledgments The following teachers contributed comments and suggestions for this edition: Richard Benz, Wickliffe, OH; Richard Bergholz, Montesano, WA; R. W. Bolin, Wheatridge, CO; Donald Burger, Shillington, PA; Charlotte Candelaria, Sitka, AK; Stuart M. Caudill, Gastonia, NC; R. Chapel, San Diego, CA; Robert Cripps, Vicksburg, MS; Kermit J. Daum, Kerby, KS; Ray Deiss, Bergenfield, NJ; Linda de Kort, Kalispell, MT; Matilda Dunn, Sewanee, TN; James Enderson, Colorado springs, CO; Charlotte Freeman, Chattanooga, TN; Vernon L. Gilliland, Liberal, KS; Margaret Graber, Sylvania, OH; Charles R. Gruentze!, Gillett, WI; Richard Guckert, Marietta, GA; Susan Heberle, Lodi, CA; Orville Heitkamp, Belle Plaine, MN; Douglass Herman, Sioux City, IA; Karl Hoffman, Rego Park, NY; Michael Hoffman, Colorado Springs, CO; Patrick Hollis, New Braunfels, TX; Pat Huwa, Englewood, CO; William E. Jurney, Roseville, MN; W. H. Leonard, Baton Rouge, LA; J. Kenneth Long, Jr., Shippensburg, PA; Darrel IvIcClelland, Simla, CO; Paul McIver, Englewood, CO; Del McNally, Arvada, CO; Richard Miller, Gardner, KS; Richard Myers, Portland, OR; Ron Nilson, Morton, WA; Jeffrey Noblett, Colorado Springs, CO; Joseph Novak, Cornell, NY; Janet O'Leary, Silverton, CO; Raylene Owen, Englewood, CO; Suresh Pathiki, Andhra Pradesh, India; James Petrait, Ogden, UT; Roger Popple, Reedsburg, WI; Syed Razvi, Westland, MI; Melinda Reed, Arvada, CO; Lou Rollenhagen, Palisade, CO; Eugene Schmidt, Fairbanks, AK; Wendy Senger, Kalispell, MT; Fran Slowiczek, San Diego, CA: Glenn Snyder, Wheat Ridge, CO; M. Southall, Scottsdale, AZ; Edgar Stuhr, Lexington, MA; Don Tatge, Bloomington, MN; Penny Teeters, Grand Junction, CO; Frank Turner, Canton, OH; Jack Whitney, Littleton, CO; and Clark Wilder, Colorado Springs, CO. Contents xxiii Foreword Preface to the Teacher xxiv Teaching with the Green Version T1 Teaching Strategies by Chapters T13 Teacher Appendices T60 Section One THE WORLD OF LIFE: THE 14.10S1)11ERE 3 1. The Web of Life 5 2. Populations 29 3. Communities and Ecosystems 63 4. Matter and Energy in the Web of Life 95 .-;edior -No CONTINUITY IN TIIE BIOS1411-111* 125 5. Continuity in Cells 127 6. Continuity through Reproduction 165 7. Continuity through Development 193 8. Continuity through Heredity 223 9. Continuity through Evolution 267 DIVERSIT'I AND AD .P I N-110\ 1% 1111. BIOSPHERE section Three .4O9 '10. Ordering Life in the Biosphere 311 11. Prokaryotes and Viruses 357 12. Eukaryotes: Protists and Fungi 393 13. Eukaryotes: Plants 437 14. Eukaryotes: Animals 481 ftlE BIOSPHERE Section Four FUNCTIONING ORGANIS11s 531 15. The Human Animal: Food and Energy 533 16. The Human Animal: Maintenance of Internal Environment 571 17. The Human Animal: Coordination 609 18. The Flowering Plant: Form and Function 645 19. The Flowering Plant: Maintenance and Coordination 679 Section Five PATTERNS 'IN THE 1310SPHERE 713 20. Selection and Survival 715 21. Ecosystems of the Past 753 22. Biomes Around the World 803 23. Aquatic Ecosystems 853 24. Human-Shaped Ecosystems 893 25. Humankind in the Future 923 Some General Procedures for the Laboratory Appendix 1 951 Supplementary Investigations Appendix 2 957 A Catalog of Living Things 969 Appendix 3 Glossary 995 Index 1015 ix 9 Detailed Contents xxiii Foreword Summary 26 Preface to the Teacher xxiv Application Questions 26 Teaching with TI Green Version the Problems 26 TI3 Teaching Strategies by Chapters Suggested Readings 26 ',Teacher Appendices T60, 2. Populations 29 Introduction 29 Individuals and Populations 29 Guidepost: How do populations change? Individuals are separate packages 2.1 29 2.2 Population size depends on interactions among four factors 30 Investigation 2.1 Population Growth 32 2.3 The human population uses huge amounts of resources 35 Self-Review 38 Investigation 2.2 Water-A Necessity of Life 39 The Environment and Populations 41 Guidepost: How do environmental factors affect population size? 2.4 The environment is made up of biotic and abiotic factors 41 Investigation 2.3 Study of a Population 42 Many abiotic facto make up the weather 2.5 46 Living things require space to live 2.6 46 Section One THE WORLD OF LIFE: THE 2.7 Humans use much farmland for other BIOSPHERE 3 purposes 48 Water is a necessity of life 2.8 49 I. The Web of Life 5 Poor sanitation is responsible for the spread of 2.9 disease in man parts of the world 50 Introduction 5 2.10 Nutrients are used to make an organism's Interactions 5 body 52 Guidepost: Why is it difficult to study an organism 2.11 Getting enough of the right kind of food is not apart from its environment? 52 easy -Organisms interact with the organisms they 1.1 Self-Review 55 cat 5 Interaction of Environmental Factors 55 Investigation 1.1 The Powers of Observation 8 Guidepost: What limits the size of a population? Plants, animals, and other organisms make up a 1.2 2.12 A population is affected by many factors 55 food chain 9 2.13 Any space can support only a limited number of The living world tends to be balanced 1.3 14 individuals 56 Self-Review 14 Self- Review 58 The Foundations of Life :4 Summary 59 Guidepost: Where do organisms obtain the matter and Application Questions 59 energy they require? 59 Problems All biological activity requires energy 1.4 14 60 Suggested Readings Investigation 1.2 You and the Web of Life /5 Photosynthesis is a process that supplies food 1.5 3. Communities and Ecosystems 63 energy 16 Introduction 63 Matter is used to build the bodies of living 1.6 thing Life in a Community 17 63 Self- Review Guidepost: How do different populations affect each 19 other? The Living World and How We Study It 19 Many interactions are indirect 63 3.1 Guidepost: How do humans fit into the biosphere? Investigation 3.1 Abiotic Environment: A The biosphere is home to all living things 1.7 19 Comparative Study 64 1.8 A hypothesis is an "educated gucss" that The Florida river community has many 3.2 explains an observation 21 interacting populations 66 Self-Review 23 Investigation 1.3 How Do Flowers Attract Bees? A Study of Experimental Variables 23 Xi 10