Biofuels: Technology, Challenges and Prospects

249 Pages·2017·6.86 MB·English

by  Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Green Energy and Technology
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
Tarun Gupta
Bhola Ram Gurjar Editors
Biofuels
Technology, Challenges and Prospects
Green Energy and Technology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
Tarun Gupta
Bhola Ram Gurjar
Editors
Biofuels
Technology, Challenges and Prospects
123
Editors
Avinash KumarAgarwal Tarun Gupta
Department ofMechanical Engineering Department ofCivil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh
India India
Rashmi Avinash Agarwal BholaRamGurjar
Department ofChemistry Department ofCivil Engineering, Centre
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur forTransportation Systems (CTRANS)
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
India Roorkee,Uttarakhand
India
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)
Green Energy andTechnology
ISBN978-981-10-3790-0 ISBN978-981-10-3791-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3791-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017930135
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2017
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Preface
Currentenergyscenarioclearlysuggeststhatoilandgasreservesarefiniteandwill
last only few more decades. Therefore, massive research efforts are underway
globally for developing energy from resources with lower carbon footprint for
sustainable development and environmental protection. In order to ensure energy
security and to reduce impact of global and local pollution from fossil fuels,
utilizationofbiofuelshasbeenadoptedasanimmediatesolution.Biofuelsplayan
important role in the future scientific research portfolio, which will affect energy
independence and energy security, revitalize rural infrastructure and shift energy
landscapeofthetwenty-firstcenturytowardsgreatersustainabilityandtowardslow
carbon-intensity. Discussing multidisciplinary research dimensions of bioenergy
and its potential for replacing fossil fuels in coming decades, this monograph
provides a roadmap for understanding broad sweep of technological, sociological,
and energy policy issues that intermingle and intertwine. Biotechnology and
especiallysyntheticbiologycanplayakeyroleinpromotingsustainableproduction
anduseofbioenergythroughdevelopmentofnext-generationbiofuelsfromlocally
available biomass feedstocks using advanced sunlight-to-biomass-to-bioenergy
conversion processes. Socio-economic and environmental challenges need to be
duly considered while designing these technological solutions. This monograph
covers such advanced techniques for efficient production of biofuels from locally
availablerawbiomaterialsandtheirutilizationinICenginesandpowergenerating
equipment.
An international workshop, 3rd ISEES Workshop on “Sustainable Energy,
Environment&SafetywithRailwayCentricTheme”,washeldatResearchDesigns
and Standards Organisation (RDSO), Lucknow, India from December 21 to 23,
2015 under the aegis of International Society for Energy, Environment and
Sustainability(ISEES).Thisworkshopprovidedaplatformfordiscussionsbetween
eminent scientists and engineers from various countries including India, USA,
South Korea, Thailand, and Austria. In this workshop, eminent speakers presented
their views related to different aspects of biofuels, and alternative energy resource
for sustainable development and cleaner environment. This research monograph
is based on the topics covered at the workshop, and brings together a wealth
v
vi Preface
of knowledge from renowned experts on the latest developments in selected
technology domains with a focus on fundamentals, applications, and advanced
teaching pedagogy. Main areas covered in this monograph are biofuels and their
advantages,advancedbiofuelproductiontechniquesandtheirutilizationinvarious
sectorssuchastransportationandpowergeneration.Thismonographalsoincludes
methodologies of increasing biofuel yield from different resources. Research on
using biofuel blended with conventional fossil fuels for power generation is also
presented. In addition, novel technology developments in biofuel production from
microalgae are also discussed.
The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the authors for
submitting their work in a timely manner and revising it appropriately at a short
notice. We would like express our special thanks to Dr. Bhaskar Thallada, Dr.
S. Venkata Mohan, Prof. Ashok Pandey, Prof. Atul Dhar, Prof. Santanu De, Prof.
V.S. Moholkar, Prof. Dhananjay Srivastava, and Akhilendra Pratap Singh, who
reviewed various chapters of this monograph and provided their valuable sugges-
tionstoimprovethedraftmanuscripts.Weacknowledgethesupportreceivedfrom
variousfundingagenciesandorganizationsforthesuccessfulconductoftheISEES
workshop, where these monographs germinated. These include Science and
EngineeringResearchBoard,DepartmentofScienceandTechnology,Government
ofIndia(SpecialthankstoDr.SanjayBajpai);RITESLtd,India(Specialthanksto
Sh.PradeepGupta);OfficeofNavalResearchGlobal,Singapore(Specialthanksto
Dr. Ramesh Kolar); TSI, India (Special thanks to Dr. Deepak Sharma); Caterpiller
India;AVLIndia;DynomerkControls,India(SpecialthankstoSh.KishoreRaut);
CEI Softwares, India; ESi Group, Pune; BHEL India; and Bosch India.
This monograph is intended for researchers, practitioners of engineering and
technology, and we hope that the monograph would be of great interest to the
professionals involved in biofuels as well as students, government officials, deci-
sionmakers,policymakers,andcivilsocietyorganizationsinterestedinrenewable
energy and more specifically to those working in biofuelproduction, optimization,
and their utilization in IC engines. Its objective is to promote a better and more
accurate understanding of the nature, production, challenges, technological status,
andusageofbiofuels fromvegetable oilsandalgae andtoprovideanupdatedand
reliable reference and guidebook on biofuels.
Kanpur, India Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Kanpur, India Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
Kanpur, India Tarun Gupta
Roorkee, India Bhola Ram Gurjar
Contents
Part I General
Introduction to Biofuels . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Rashmi Avinash Agarwal, Tarun Gupta
and Bhola Ram Gurjar
Sustainable Production of Chemicals and Energy Fuel Precursors
from Lignocellulosic Fractions..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 7
Bhumica Agarwal, Vivek Ahluwalia, Ashok Pandey,
Rajender Singh Sangwan and Sasikumar Elumalai
Microbial Electrochemical Platform: Biofactory with Diverse
Applications... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 35
S. Venkata Mohan, G. Velvizhi and P. Chiranjeevi
Biomass-Derived HMF Oxidation with Various Oxidants ... ..... .... 51
S. Saravanamurugan, Ashok Pandey and Rajender Singh Sangwan
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Components: Effect of Alkaline Catalyst. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 69
Rawel Singh, Bhavya B. Krishna and Thallada Bhaskar
Pretreatment Strategies of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Towards Ethanol Yield: Case Study of Pine Needles... .... ..... .... 85
Sangeeta Negi
Ultrasound-Assisted Biodiesel Synthesis: A Mechanistic Insight ... .... 103
Ritesh S. Malani, Arun Goyal and Vijayanand S. Moholkar
Thermo-Chemical Ethanol Production from Agricultural
Waste Through Polygeneration: Performance Assessment
Through a Case Study .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 137
Kuntal Jana and Sudipta De
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viii Contents
Microalgae Based Biofuel: Challenges and Opportunities ... ..... .... 157
Richa Katiyar, Amit Kumar and B.R. Gurjar
Surrogates for Biodiesel: Review and Challenges.. .... .... ..... .... 177
Aditya Dilip Lele, Krishnasamy Anand and Krithika Narayanaswamy
Response Surface Methodology Based Multi-objective
Optimization of the Performance-Emission Profile
of a CI Engine Running on Ethanol in Blends with Diesel .. ..... .... 201
Probir Kumar Bose, Vijay Narayan Bodkhe, Bishop Deb Barma
and Rahul Banerjee
Effect of Alcohol Blending on Performance of Kerosene
Fuelled Four-Stroke Spark Ignition Genset .. .... .... .... ..... .... 229
Mritunjay Shukla, Eshan Singh and Sunil Pathak
About the Editors
Prof.AvinashKumarAgarwal joinedIITKanpurin
2001. He worked at ERC, University of Wisconsin,
Madison,USAasapostdoctoral Fellow(1999–2001).
His areas of interest include IC engines, combustion,
alternative fuels, hydrogen, conventional fuels, lubri-
cating oil tribology, optical diagnostics, laser
ignition, HCCI, emission and particulate control, and
large bore engines. He has published more than
200 peer-reviewed international journal and confer-
encepapers.HeisassociateeditorofASMEJournalof
Energy Resources Technology, and International
JournalofVehicleSystemsModellingandTesting.He
has edited “Handbook of Combustion” (5 Volumes;
3168 pages), published by Wiley VCH, Germany. He
is a Fellow of SAE (2012), Fellow of ASME (2013)
and a Fellow of INAE (2015). He is the recipient of
prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize-2016 in
Engineering Sciences.
Dr. Rashmi Avinash Agarwal is a senior researcher
at IIT Kanpur. She completed her doctoral degree in
Inorganic Chemistry from IIT Kanpur in 2014. She
completed her M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry from
Rajasthan University, Jaipur in 2002 and B.Sc. in
Chemistry, from Kanoria College, Rajasthan
University, Jaipur in 2000. She has expertise in coor-
dination chemistry, coordination polymers, organic
synthesis, inorganic synthesis, crystal structure deter-
mination, supramolecular chemistry, porous materials,
topology, florescence, SC (single crystal)-to-SC
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