Autochthonous Texts in the Arabic Dialect of the Jews of Tiberias

245 Pages·4.183 MB·English

by  Aharon Geva-Kleinberger

1. xsáv7H, xalßat... xalaß il•arb, œabil •arb b-sint... sint œalf w
tsa($)miyya w œarba$†åç, kånu nås lli kån $andon paspórtH
fransåwi. 2. w lamma bidyat ... b nßul lfransåwi fi Ber¨t, w ba$at
makatˆb w ba$at kull wå•ad œilli fatH... fransåwi, yˆ¤i la-Ber¨t. 3.
na•nu... œi•na mnaxúdkon la-ma , œi•na ndˆr bålna $ala... $ala
S Aharon Geva Kleinberger
V safar w kunna... œi•na kunna m o kullna fransawiyye. 4. såfar

4 $ammi håda ravH Toledáno, rav Toledáno ma$a $ålto8, såfar la-
6

Ber¨t, œaxíH, œaxív w œaxí... œax¨ dáno, œab¨ la-Çmuœél Toledáno
œaxad wlådo w såfaru la-Ber¨t. 5 Autochthonous Texts wå•de såfarat, wå•de... ‹all´na
G
e œi•na la-•alna fi ðabariyya. 6. œ biH (Y)húda Toledáno, kån Hœåv
v
a
K bet-dínH, œallo l-œab¨y, œallo: yå in the Arabic Dialect fru œintu kˆf n‹allna9 œi•na la-
le
in •ålna, œimmi ma®a kbˆre w œana œab¨y œallo... œab¨y kån $umro
b of the Jews in Tiberias
e œarba$ w $içrˆn, tlåta w $iç®in, ha amma: œiza ba‹allni bixd¨ni $a-
r
g
e l¤´ç itTurkíH! 8. œallo: ma-txáfiç awwˆ... 9. rå• $a-... ¤iddi, kån
r
· A $ando... hinni bi$irf¨ ta... œilla... maqåm ba$rifç ç¨ œusmo hadåk,
u
to dåfa$ må-çu dafá$10, œan†¨lo warœ a-bisawwˆç, ma-byaxd¨ç $a-l¤´ç
c
hth itturkíH w bi‹allo... 10. ‹all´na b b¨y w œimmi, œax¨y likbˆr, œuxti
o
no w œ a n a w s k i n n a 1 2 b - b « t (cid:219) i d d i . ˇ i l †ra• ilyøm malónH Plåza, hunåk
u
s kån b « t (cid:219) i d d i , $ a - l ˇ a r (cid:220) t a b a $ m a ikbˆr w hadåk kån ¤iddi, $idna
T
ex kull i l ¥ a r b . 1 1 . ˇ a x (cid:141) (cid:135) v H , ˇ i ¥ n a ... Hœex œomrím raœáv14? H (AGK:
ts in ¤¨$ ) ˇ a h l (cid:219) ‹ $ ! m a - $ a r i f n (cid:140) (cid:141) i l (cid:219) ‹ $ , n ytå¤ir fi œahwe w sukkar min
th Ber ‹ t , k (cid:140) n y s (cid:140) f i r l a - (cid:141) (cid:130) (cid:140) m w y (cid:219) (cid:246) b ˆn bisma($) $an dóktor… ¤¨$...
e
A $an n a ... l $ a n n a , k (cid:140) n $ a n n a f .. ma-$arifnåç il¤¨$, œamma œahl
r
a
b ðab a r i y y a l i l « a y (cid:146) (cid:219) a $ u k t (cid:246) r .1 2 . ßåfar, hadøle wißlu la-Ber¨t
ic
D œax d ‹ h o n l a - K (cid:151) r s i k a , $ a m m i , ¥ oledáno kån b-Kórsika œarba$
iale snˆn ;
c
t o •ax (cid:140) m B a r (cid:156) x ˇ a x a d ‹ h o n l a - (cid:238) na fi ðabariyya. 13. lamma
f
th nxa l§ a t 1 5 ... x i l a § i l ¥ a r b m a - $ a r i f n na fi lb´t œakil, kån kull çi.14.
e
Je lam m a b - ˇ o k t ... b - H ¥ o l h a - m o ˇ (cid:142) d )miyya w tman†å($)ç xilaß il•arb
w
s w œ (cid:140) l u ˇ i n n o i l ˇ i n g l (cid:246) z ˇ a $ d (cid:246) n $ a - l (cid:219) yya. 15. wißlu la-Íamax, Íamax
in T kån b a l a d z ' (cid:246) r e ˇ u d d d (cid:140) m D g (cid:135) n y a w min Samax biddon yinzalu la-
ibe ðab a r i y y a . 1 6 . ˛ a m m a T u r k (cid:146) m H Hroç ha-œiriyáH kullon, taraku
r
ia ðab a r i y y a w r (cid:140) h u l a - (cid:141) (cid:130) (cid:140) m , (cid:160) i l $ u ç Pína w min h(u)nåk la-çÇåm.
s
17. ! a b a r i y y a k (cid:140) n a t f (cid:140) r ' a , m a - k (cid:140) áœad ha-khilá... váœad ha-khiláH
taba $ l y i h ‹ d w k (cid:140) n ˇ a k (cid:135) m H (cid:141) (cid:142) x i m w †¨l... w smi$na b¨m-b¨m-b¨m
H
ar tota ¥ (cid:146) m H ˇ a h ! ˇ (cid:140) l u ˇ i (cid:219) a ˇ a $ d (cid:246) n $ a kull... kull by¨(t) lli fi œissa $a-
r
as ¤bå l ! a b a r i y y a , k (cid:140) n k u l l o s (cid:140) ¥ y e 1 ufna, kunna nç¨f l... kån $umri
s
o
w xam s s n (cid:246) n . 2 0 . s (cid:140) $ a , s (cid:140) $ a t n « n - t l smi$na °uk-°uk-°uk-°uk-°uk h´k
itz il•ß (cid:140) n m (cid:140) (cid:141) y (cid:246) n , w i l ˇ a r (cid:220) k (cid:140) n a t k u Harrassowitz Verlag r. 21. mirœu min hunåk œuddåm
b´t (cid:219) i d d i t a m (cid:140) m , ˇ u d d (cid:140) m b « t (cid:219) i d d å•u la-na•ˆt iççamål, •itta wißlu
la-l b a l a d i y y e . 2 2 . b a l a d i y y e 1 8 k (cid:140) a... fˆha... fi hallᜠHœaxsanyát
nóœ a r H h u n (cid:140) k a . 2 3 . ˇ a m m a , l a m m a-lœaskar, •ná kunna wlåd z©år,
kun n a b i - (cid:141) (cid:141) (cid:140) r i $ , ˇ o s t r (cid:135) l i m H , $ a - l ha-lburn´†a lkbˆre hådi taba$
lœos t r (cid:135) l i m H h n ‹ d ( A G K : w h n ‹ d , AGK: min ilhind?) œostrálimH,
This content downAlolald uesde fsruobmje 1c2t 8to.1 h2t2tp.1s4:/9/a.9b oount .Mjstoonrœ.,o u2r6gd / t(cid:140) m o n i l h (cid:146) n d i m H m a $ a h u m 1 9 , œasmar w illaffe lb´‹a, œamma
xufna minnon, kunna nxåf minn... H, çåfu wlåd z©år, waœœaf¨, †ålu,
Hdá$at20-maH, min ¤´bon biskvítim d, kull wå•ad œaxad, œaxad. 25.
œi¤at œimmi, çafátni min føœ, œát xdˆç, håda miç kaçérH! 26. œa,
ra¤za$to kullo, kull œaxadt ra¤¤a$ kaçérH, banåt œáxadu. 27. hinni
117777662244--UUeebbeerrzzuugg..iinndddd 11 2233..0077..22000099 88::1188::2299 UUhhrr
Aharon Geva Kleinberger
Autochthonous Texts in the Arabic Dialect
of the Jews of Tiberias
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Semitica Viva
Herausgegeben von Otto Jastrow
Band 46
2009
Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden
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Aharon Geva Kleinberger
Autochthonous Texts
in the Arabic Dialect
of the Jews of Tiberias
2009
Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden
©© 22001144,, OOttttoo HHaarrrraassssoowwiittzz GGmmbbHH && CCoo.. KKGG,, WWiieessbbaaddeenn
IISSBBNN PPrriinntt:: 997788--33--444477--0055993344--33 IISSBBNN EE--BBooookk:: 997788--33--444477--1199119824--05
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For my beloved wife
Yvonne Geva Kleinberger
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements .................................................... XI
Abbreviations and signs................................................ XIII
Remarks............................................................... XIII
1. Introduction......................................................... 1
1.1Generalfeatures.................................................... 1
1.2 The dialect......................................................... 8
1.2.1 General .......................................................... 8
1.2.2 Prominent phonological features................................... 9
1.2.3Someprominentmorphologicalremarks........................... 10
1.2.3.1 Personal pronouns .............................................. 11
1.2.3.2 Demonstrative pronouns ........................................ 11
1.2.3.3 Fillers.......................................................... 11
1.2.3.4 Adverbs........................................................ 11
1.2.3.5 Prepositions .................................................... 11
1.2.3.6 Verbs .......................................................... 12
1.2.4 Syntax ........................................................... 13
1.2.5 Lexicon.......................................................... 14
1.2.5.1 Arabic lexicon.................................................. 14
1.2.5.1.1JointwordsforallJewishcommunitiesinGalilee............... 15
1.2.5.1.2AutochthonousvocabularyofTiberias......................... 15
1.2.5.1.3WordsandexpressionsreferringtotheSeaofGalilee,
fishing and lacustrinelife............................................... 16
1.2.5.1.4 Obsolete vocabulary........................................... 17
1.2.5.1.4.1Opaquevocabularyandexpressions.......................... 17
1.2.5.1.4.2 Transparent vocabulary...................................... 17
1.2.5.1.4.3 Old fashioned vocabulary.................................... 17
1.2.5.1.4.4 Expressions and slang....................................... 18
1.2.5.1.4.5 Autochthonous proverbs..................................... 21
1.2.5.2 Hebrew lexicon................................................. 22
1.2.5.2.1 General....................................................... 22
1.2.5.2.2ReligiousvocabularyinHebrew............................... 22
1.2.5.2.3 Obsolete Hebrew loanwords................................... 24
1.2.5.2.4HebrewrootsinArabicmorphology ........................... 25
1.2.5.3 English loanwords.............................................. 25
1.2.5.4 French loanwords............................................... 26
1.2.5.5 Ladino loanwords............................................... 27
1.2.5.6 Italian loanwords ............................................... 28
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VIII Contents
1.2.5.7 Osmanlı/Turkish loanwords..................................... 28
1.2.5.8 Other loanwords................................................ 29
2. Maps................................................................ 30
2.1 Map I: Environs of Tiberias......................................... . 30
2.2MapII:SitesinOldTiberias........................................ 31
3. Transcribed textsand translation...................................... 32
3.1 AM 1 – The Cholera Epidemic...................................... 32
3.2 AM 2 – The British Army enters Tiberias............................ 34
3.3 AM 3 – The Lunatic................................................ 38
3.4 AM 4 – Ceremonial Reception of Sir Herbert Samuel ................ 40
3.5 AM 5 – Scarlet Fever............................................... 42
3.6AM6–TraveltoJerusalem......................................... 44
3.7AM7–BathingintheSeaofGalilee................................ 50
3.8 AM 8 – The Flood of May 1934 (1) ................................. 52
3.9 AM 9 – The Earthquake of 1927 (1)................................. 56
3.10 AM 10 – Memories of the Sea of Galilee........................... 58
3.11 AM 11 – Fish (1).................................................. 66
3.12 AM 12 – Culinary................................................. 68
3.13AM13–TiberiansandSafedis(1)................................. 76
3.14 AM 14 – The Christians of Tiberias................................ 82
3.15 AM 15 – A Slip of the tongue...................................... 86
3.16 AM 16 – Maltreatment ............................................ 88
3.17AM17–NahumHorowitzandtheShomerOrganization............ 92
3.18 AM 18 – The Mimuna (1).......................................... 94
3.19 AM 19 – The Baron de Rothschild................................. 96
3.20 AM 20 – My Father............................................... 98
3.21 PH 21 – The Flood of May 1934 (2)................................ 100
3.22 PH 22 – The Earthquake of 1927 (2) ............................... 102
3.23 ST 23 – My Family................................................ 104
3.24 ADK 24 – Fishing from the House Window........................ 104
3.25 ADK 25 – Years of Drought....................................... 106
3.26 DBY 26- School Picture........................................... 106
3.27DBY27–WorkinginthePalestine Engineering Association........ 112
3.28DBY28–TheArabStrikein1936................................. 116
3.29 DBY 29 –The Bloody Night of 1938............................... 118
3.30 DBY 30 – Mino Goldzweig........................................ 124
3.31 DBY 31 – The Torans Hospital .................................... 128
3.32 DBY 32 – The Flood of May 1934 (3).............................. 132
3.33 DBY 33 – Tiberians and Safedis (2)................................ 136
3.34 DBY 34 – Prominent Families in Tiberias.......................... 138
3.35 DBY 35 – Seamen ................................................ 140
3.36 DBY 36 – TheMimuna (2) ........................................ 142
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Contents IX
3.37 DBY 37 – Autochthonous Insane People ........................... 144
3.38DBY38–MobilizationintheOttomanArmy ...................... 146
3.39 DBY 39 – Retirement from the British Army....................... 148
3.40 MBY 40 – The Riots of 1929...................................... 150
3.41 MBY 41 – The Riots of 1938 (1)................................... 152
3.42 MBY 42 – The Riots of 1938 (2)................................... 154
3.43 MBY 43 – The Informer........................................... 160
3.44 MBY 44 – The Arab Attack........................................ 160
3.45 MBY 45 – Fish (2)................................................ 164
3.46 MBY 46 – The Catfish ............................................ 166
3.47 MBY 47 – A Local Proverb........................................ 168
3.48 MBY 48 – Miscellanea............................................ 170
3.49 MBY 49 – Eavesdropping......................................... 180
3.50 MBY 50 – Other Autochthonous Proverbs.......................... 184
3.51 MBY 51 – Jewish Holidays........................................ 186
3.52 MBY 52 – Sea Life................................................ 190
3.53 MBY 53 – Memories of the Sea of Galilee (2) and more ............ 192
4.EpilogueandEpitaph................................................ 199
5. Appendices.......................................................... 201
5.1 Autochthonous Arabic vocabulary of the Jews of Tiberias............ 201
5.2 Index of People..................................................... 213
5.3 Index of Geographical Sites......................................... 216
6. Bibliography ........................................................ 220
© 2014, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-05934-3 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19192-0
© 2014, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 978-3-447-05934-3 ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19184-5