Audel Complete Building Construction, All New

720 Pages·2005·16.115 MB·English

by  Leger, Eugene;Miller, Mark Richard;Miller, Rex

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AudelTM
Complete Building
Construction
All New 5th Edition
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AudelTM
Complete Building
Construction
All New 5th Edition
Mark Miller
Rex Miller
Eugene Leger
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VicePresidentandExecutiveGroupPublisher: RichardSwadley
VicePresidentandExecutivePublisher:RobertIpsen
VicePresidentandPublisher:JosephB.Wikert
ExecutiveEditorialDirector:MaryBednarek
ExecutiveEditor:CarolLong
EditorialManager:KathrynA.Malm
SeniorProductionEditor:GerryFahey
DevelopmentEditor:KevinShafer
ProductionEditor:PamelaHanley
TextDesign&Composition:TechBooks
Copyright(cid:1)C 2004byWileyPublishing,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
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Contents
Acknowledgments xix
About the Authors xxi
Preface xxiii
Chapter 1 Location of Structure on Site 1
Basic Conditions 1
Covenants 1
ZoningOrdinances 1
WellsandSepticSystems 1
CornerLots 2
NonconformingLots 2
NaturalGradesandContours 3
Staking Out House Location 3
StakingOutfromaKnownReferenceLine 3
LayingOutwithaTransitLevel 6
BatterBoardsandOffsetStakes 9
PythagoreanTheoremMethod 10
Other Important Documents 10
CertifiedPlotPlan 10
CertificateofOccupancy 12
Summary 12
Review Questions 12
Chapter 2 Concrete 15
Portland Cement 15
Cements 16
Types of Portland Cement 16
Normal Concrete 17
EssentialIngredients 17
NaturalCement 17
Admixtures 18
Air-Entraining 18
Accelerators 19
Retarders 19
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WaterReducers 20
High-RangeWaterReducers 20
Pozzolans 20
Handling and Placing Concrete 20
MethodsofPlacing 21
Consolidation 22
Reinforcing 23
BarSupports 26
Welded-WireFabric 26
Chairs 29
Concrete Slump 30
Summary 31
Review Questions 32
Chapter 3 Foundations 35
Types of Foundations 35
Footings 35
Foundation Design Details 36
SizingtheFootings 38
Rule-of-Thumb 39
Calculation 39
Example 44
Problem 44
Reinforcing 45
SteppedFootings 46
FrostProtection 47
Adfreezing 49
CrawlSpaces 49
Slabs-on-Grade 50
Types 51
SitePreparation 53
Capillarity and Capillary Breaks 54
Rub-R-Wall 55
DampProofing 55
Waterproofing 58
DrainScreens 60
SubsurfaceDrainageSystem 62
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Contents v
Backfilling 66
ProtectingtheWallDuringBackfilling 67
CorrectBackfillingPractice 67
Permanent Wood Foundations 68
SitePreparation 69
LumberTreatment 70
Fasteners 71
WallFraming 71
Backfilling 73
Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations 73
ShallowFoundationDesignDetails 78
SitePreparation 78
FreezingDegreeDays 78
SubslabInsulation 78
FoundationWallInsulationThickness 80
GroundInsulation 81
Summary 81
Review Questions 84
Chapter 4 Finishing and Curing Concrete 85
Screeding 85
Tamping or Jitterbugging 86
Finishing 86
Floating 86
Troweling 89
Brooming 89
GroovingandEdging 89
Finishing Air-Entrained Concrete 91
Curing 93
CuringTime 94
CuringMethods 96
Summary 98
Review Questions 99
Chapter 5 Concrete Block 101
Block Sizes 101
Decorative Block 101
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SplitBlock 101
SlumpBlock 104
GrilleBlocks 105
ScreenBlock 105
PatternedBlock 106
SpecialFinishes 106
Standard Concrete Block 106
Wall Thickness 109
Foundations 110
Mortar 114
Building with Concrete Blocks 116
LayingBlockatCorners 117
BuildingtheWallBetweenCorners 117
ApplyingMortartoBlocks 118
PlacingandSettingBlocks 119
BuildingAroundDoorandWindow
Frames 120
PlacingSillsandLintels 120
Basement Walls 124
Building Interior Walls 124
Building Techniques 124
InstallationofHeatingandVentilating
Ducts 125
ElectricalOutlets 125
FillInsulation 125
Flashing 128
TypesofJoints 130
ToolingtheJoints 131
Summary 131
Review Questions 132
Chapter 6 Chimneys and Fireplaces 133
Flues 136
Chimney Construction 137
Fireplaces 139
Fireplace Construction 147
ImportanceofaHearth 148
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Contents vii
Ready-BuiltFireplaceForms 150
OtherFireplaceStyles 155
Smoky Fireplaces 156
PrefabricatedFireplaces 157
Summary 161
Review Questions 162
Chapter 7 Woods Used in Construction 163
Cutting at the Mill 166
Defects 168
Selection of Lumber 169
Decay of Lumber 174
Plywood 176
GradeDesignations 176
Sanded,Unsanded,andTouch-Sanded
Panels 177
ExposureDurability 177
Particleboard 181
Hardboard 182
Specialty Hardboards 184
Summary 185
Review Questions 186
Chapter 8 Framing Lumber 187
Standard Sizes of Bulk Lumber 187
Grades of Lumber 187
SelectLumber 187
CommonLumber 188
Framing Lumber 189
Computing Board Feet 189
Methods of Framing 190
Balloon-FrameConstruction 190
Plank-and-BeamConstruction 191
Western-FrameConstruction 192
Foundation Sills 193
SizeofSills 194
LengthofSill 196
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viii Contents
AnchorageofSill 196
SplicingofSill 196
PlacingofSill 198
Girders 198
Floor Joists 199
Interior Partitions 199
PartitionsParalleltoJoists 199
PartitionsatRightAnglestoJoists 200
Framing Around Openings 200
Headers 200
Corner Studs 200
Roofs 200
SpacingofRafters 201
SizeofRafters 201
SpanofRafters 201
LengthofRafters 202
CollarBeams 202
SizeofCollarBeams 202
Hip Rafters 202
Dormers 202
Stairways 204
Fire and Draft Stops 205
Chimney and Fireplace Construction 207
Summary 207
Review Questions 208
Chapter 9 Girders and Engineered Lumber 209
Girders 209
ConstructionofGirders 209
WhyBeamEndsRot 209
CalculatingtheSizeofaGirder 211
TributaryArea 216
LoadDistribution 217
Example 218
ColumnsandColumnFootings 218
SelectingtheGirder 220
SelectingGirderLumberandF 221
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