Atlas of the North American Indian, Third Revised Edition (Facts on File Library of American Literature) PDF
Preview Atlas of the North American Indian, Third Revised Edition (Facts on File Library of American Literature)
Atlas of THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN third EDITION ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 1 12/1/08 9:28:52 AM ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 2 12/1/08 9:28:52 AM Atlas of THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN third EDITION CARL WALDMAN ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 3 12/1/08 9:28:53 AM Atlas of the North American Indian, Third Edition Maps on pages 97, 101, 168, 187, 193, 224, 227, 240, 243, 246, 281, 286 copyright © 2009 Infobase Publishing Text and all other maps copyright © 2009, 2000, 1985 by Carl Waldman Illustrations copyright © 2009, 2000, 1985 by Molly Braun All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Waldman, Carl, 1947– Atlas of the North American Indian / Carl Waldman. — 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-6858-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8160-6859-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Indians of North America—Maps. 2. Indians of North America—History—Maps. I. Title. G1106.E1.W3 2009 970.004'97—dc22 2008040736 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Cover design by Takeshi Takahashi / Jooyoung An Maps by Infobase Publishing Printed in China Creative Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 4 12/1/08 9:28:53 AM For Chloe and Devin, American, and Meredith, Native American ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 5 12/1/08 9:28:53 AM ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 6 12/1/08 9:28:54 AM CONTENTS Map List xi 2 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS 15 Preface xiii CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOAMERICA 15 Olmec 15 1 ANCIENT NATIVE PEOPLES 1 Maya 16 ARRIVALS 1 Toltec 18 PALEO-INDIANS 5 Aztec 19 Clovis 5 Teotihuacán, Monte Albán, and Other Sandia 5 Mesoamerican Population Centers 21 Folsom 5 Teotihuacán 22 Plano 5 Kaminaljuyu 22 Cultural Variations 6 Monte Albán 22 Mitla 22 Changing Climate 6 Tajin 22 Big Game Extinction 6 Tlatilco 23 ARCHAIC INDIANS 7 Izapa 23 Old Cordilleran Culture 7 Cerro de Las Mesas 23 Desert Culture 8 Remojades 23 Cochise Culture 8 Cholula 23 Old Copper Culture 8 Texcoco 23 Red Paint Culture 9 CIVILIZATIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST 24 Arctic Cultures 9 Mogollon 24 Northern Archaic Tradition 9 Hohokam 25 Rise of Paleo-Eskimo Cultures 9 Anasazi 25 Denbigh Flint Culture 9 Patayan (Hakataya) 28 Independence Culture 10 Sinagua 28 Pre-Dorset Culture 10 Salado 28 Dorset Culture 10 Fremont 28 Transitional Cultures to Thule Culture 10 THE MOUND BUILDERS 28 Thule Culture 12 Poverty Point 28 Aleut Ancestors 12 Adena 28 End of Thule Culture 13 Hopewell 30 TRANSITION AND CULMINATION 13 Mississippian 31 vii ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 7 12/1/08 9:28:54 AM 3 NATIVE LIFEWAYS 34 5 INDIAN WARS 116 GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE 34 EARLY CONFLICTS 118 SUBSISTENCE PATTERNS AND The Arawak Uprising 118 CULTURAL EVOLUTION 34 The Conquest of the Aztec 118 Hunting, Fishing, and Gathering 35 Mobile Resistance 119 Agriculture 38 Roanoke Resistance 120 POPULATION DENSITY 40 THE COLONIAL WARS 121 The Powhatan Wars 122 THE NATIVE CULTURE AREAS 41 The Northeast Culture Area 42 Bacon’s Rebellion 123 The Southeast Culture Area 45 The Pequot War 123 The Southwest Culture Area 49 King Philip’s War 125 The Great Basin Culture Area 51 The Beaver Wars 126 The Plateau Culture Area 53 Rebellions against the Dutch 128 Rebellions against the Spanish and Mexicans 129 The Northwest Coast Culture Area 54 Acoma Resistance 129 The California Culture Area 57 The Pueblo Rebellion 130 The Great Plains Culture Area 59 The Pima Uprisings 132 The Subarctic Culture Area 61 The Arctic Culture Area 63 The Yuma Uprising 132 The Mesoamerican and Circum-Caribbean California Indian Uprisings 133 Culture Areas 65 The French and Indian Wars 134 ART AND TECHNOLOGY 67 King William’s War 134 SHELTER 72 Queen Anne’s War 136 CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS 75 King George’s War 136 TRANSPORTATION 76 The French and Indian War 137 Land, Ice, and Water 76 Rebellions against the English (during the The Indian and the Horse 79 French and Indian Wars) 139 The Tuscarora War 139 INTERTRIBAL TRADE 80 The Yamasee War 140 RELIGION 81 The Cherokee War 140 STIMULANTS, INTOXICANTS, AND Rebellions against the French (during the HALLUCINOGENS 83 French and Indian Wars) 140 SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION 85 The Natchez Revolt 140 LANGUAGES 88 Chickasaw Resistance 141 North American Indian Languages: A Genetic Classification Table of Phyla, Meskwaki Resistance 141 Families, and Dialects 88 Pontiac’s Rebellion 141 The Paxton Riots 143 4 NATIVE PEOPLES AND EXPLORERS 93 Lord Dunmore’s War 144 POSSIBLE EARLY TRANSOCEANIC INDIANS IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 144 CONTACTS 93 WARS FOR THE OLD NORTHWEST 149 Pacific Ocean 95 Little Turtle’s War 149 Atlantic Ocean 95 Tecumseh’s Rebellion and the War of 1812 150 THE EUROPEAN AND EUROAMERICAN Kickapoo Resistance 153 PENETRATION OF NORTH AMERICA 95 The Winnebago Uprising 153 THE FUR TRADE 96 The Black Hawk War 154 NATIVE EXPLORERS 103 WARS FOR THE SOUTHEAST 156 A CHRONOLOGY OF NON-INDIAN The Creek War 156 EXPLORERS OF NORTH AMERICA AND The Seminole Wars 157 THEIR CONTACTS WITH INDIANS 109 RESISTANCE AGAINST THE RUSSIANS 159 ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 8 12/1/08 9:28:54 AM WARS FOR THE WEST 161 THE GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES Mountains and Far West 165 AND NATIVE LAND CESSIONS 213 Bannock 165 NATIVE TRAILS AND NON-NATIVE Cayuse 165 INROADS 219 Coeur d’Alene 165 THE INDIAN TERRITORY 221 Cupeño 166 THE TRAIL OF TEARS 223 Kalispel 167 THE DWINDLING BUFFALO HERDS 226 Miwok and Yokuts 167 THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY AND Modoc 167 RELIGIOUS REVITALIZATION Nez Perce 169 MOVEMENTS 228 Nisqually 171 Missionaries and Mission Indians 228 Paiute 172 Prophecy and Resistance 229 Sheepeater 172 Longhouse Religion 229 Shoshone 173 Waashat Religion 230 Takelma and Tututni 173 Dreamer Religion 230 Tlingit 173 Indian Shaker Religion 230 Ute 174 Drum Religion 230 Yakama 175 Ghost Dances 230 Yuma and Mojave 176 Earth Lodge Religion 230 Southwest 176 Ghost Dance Religion 230 Apache 176 Bole-Maru Religion 231 Kickapoo 180 Dream Dance 231 Navajo 180 Feather Religion 231 Tiwa 182 Peyote Religion 231 Great Plains 182 THE GROWTH OF CANADA AND NATIVE Arapaho 182 LAND CESSIONS 231 Arikara 183 Blackfeet 183 7 C ONTEMPORARY NATIVE NORTH Cheyenne 183 AMERICANS 235 Comanche 188 U.S. INDIAN POLICY 235 Kiowa 190 Centralization and Bureaucratization 235 Ponca 191 The Colonial Period 235 Sioux 191 Early U.S. Policy 236 INDIANS IN THE CIVIL WAR 197 Federal Trading Houses 236 CANADIAN NATIVE WARS 199 Office of Indian Affairs 236 The Selkirk Incident and the Courthouse Removal and Reservations 236 Rebellion 200 Separate Indian Country 236 The First Riel Rebellion 200 Removal Policy 236 The Second Riel Rebellion 202 Treaty Policy 236 6 N ATIVE LAND CESSIONS AND A Reservation Policy 237 CHANGING WAY OF LIFE 205 Assimilation and Allotment 237 Assimilation Policy 237 THE SPREAD OF EUROPEAN DISEASES 206 The Reformist Movement 237 THE EUROPEAN USE OF NATIVE LANDS Allotment Policy 238 AND RESOURCES 207 Spanish Land Use 207 Boarding Schools 238 French Land Use 209 Citizenship 240 British Land Use 210 A Failed Policy 241 Dutch and Swedish Land Use 212 Tribal Restoration and Reorganization 241 Russian Land Use 212 Indian Reorganization Act 241 ANAI_3e_FOF_FM.indd 9 12/1/08 9:28:55 AM
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