Atlas of the Clinical Microbiology of Infectious Diseases: Viral, Fungal and Parasitic Agents PDF
Preview Atlas of the Clinical Microbiology of Infectious Diseases: Viral, Fungal and Parasitic Agents
Cover Page 1 An Atlas of the CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Volume 1 Bacterial Agents Page 2 This page intentionally left blank. Page 3 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF VISUAL MEDICINE SERIES An Atlas of the CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Volume 1 Bacterial Agents Edward J.Bottone, PhD, Diplomate ABMM Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York Foreword by Gary V.Doern, PhD Section Director, Clinical Microbiology University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa The Parthenon Publishing Group International Publishers in Medicine, Science & Technology A CRC PRESS COMPANY BOCA RATON LONDON NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. Page 4 Published in the USA by The Parthenon Publishing Group 345 Park Avenue South, 10th Floor NewYork NY 10010 USA This edition published in the Taylor & Francis eLibrary, 2004. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Published in the UK and Europe by The Parthenon Publishing Group 23–25 Blades Court Deodar Road London SWl5 2NU UK Copyright © 2004 The Parthenon Publishing Group Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Data available on application 2002025346 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Bottone, Edward J. An atlas of the clinical microbiology of infectious diseases Vol. 1: Bacterial agents 1. Diagnostic microbiology—Atlases I. Title 616′.01′0222 ISBN 0203491610 Master ebook ISBN ISBN 0203623827 (OEB Format) ISBN 1842142194 (Print Edition) First published in 2004 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis eLibrary, 2004. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publishers except for the quotation of brief passages for the purposes of review Composition by The Parthenon Publishing Group Page 5 Contents FOREWORD 7 1 Grampositive, branching and nonbranching, nonacidfast, bacillary species 9 2 Grampositive, aerobic, branching, partially acidfast species 25 3 Acidfast bacilli: Mycobacterium 31 4 Fermenting, Gramnegative, facultative anaerobic bacilli 45 5 Nonfermenting, Gramnegative aerobic bacilli 65 6 Anaerobes 73 7 Fastidious, Gramnegative bacilli 83 8 Grampositive, catalasepositive cocci 109 9 Grampositive, catalasenegative cocci 113 10 Gramnegative cocci 127 11 Curved and spiral species 133 12 Intracellular bacterial species 143 Bibliography 149 Index 155 Page 6 This Atlas is dedicated to the many mentors, colleagues, and students who, upon entering my life, paused in transit, left their indelible imprimatur, and enriched its passage. For the past 42 years, my journey has been cradled and embraced by the unwavering love and devotion of my wife IdaMarie. Without her constant inspiration and clarity of vision, this effort and life’s true essence would be without meaning. My daughters Laura and Rina, soninlaw Robert and grandchildren Lauren, Vincent, and Camille continue to illuminate my days with the radiance of their being. Lastly, to my parents Lili and Salvatore, although deceased, for the humanity that, through poverty and perseverance, distinguished their lives and transcends time. Page 7 Foreword In this text, An Atlas of the Clinical Microbiology of Infectious Diseases, Volume 1, Bacterial Agents, Dr Edward J.Bottone has done practicing clinical microbiologists a huge service. Drawing on over 35 years of experience, he has compiled an extraordinary collection of photos and photomicrographs pertaining to the laboratory diagnosis of a vast number of different bacterial infectious disease problems. The material is presented in a coherent and logical manner. The quality of the images in this Atlas is exceptional. As an added feature, pursuant to each pathogen, Dr Bottone provides text which clearly and concisely delineates important features related to cellular and colony morphology, growth patterns, microbiological characteristics, pathogenesis and disease manifestations. The practice of clinical microbiology during the past 20 years has undergone remarkable change. What was once strictly a manual endeavor, more art than science, has increasingly embraced various forms of instrumentation in the daytoday provision of diagnostic services. This trend will certainly continue as we enter the exciting new age of molecular infectious disease diagnosis. Unfortunately, largely as a consequence of increased reliance on instrumentation and other forms of technology, expertise in more traditional aspects of clinical microbiology, such as use of cellular and colony morphology as means for presumptive if not definitive microorganism identification, has clearly eroded. This reality is problematic in so far as morphology remains the cornerstone of the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. An Atlas of the Clinical Microbiology of Infectious Diseases represents an elegant reminder of this reality. This text will quickly become an invaluable and practical resource for individuals working in clinical microbiology laboratories. An Atlas of the Clinical Microbiology of Infectious Diseases is one of those books that will not collect dust on the shelf; it will be referred to constantly in the laboratory. In addition, training programs for medical technologists, pathology residents and infectious disease fellows will undoubtedly lean heavily on this text as an important tool for teaching. Dr Bottone is to be commended on this wonderful addition to the clinical microbiology literature. Gary V.Doern, PhD September, 2003 Page 8 This page intentionally left blank. Page 9 1 Grampositive, branching and nonbranching, nonacidfast, bacillary species ACTINOMYCES Actinomyces are Grampositive filamentous bacteria which are part of the resident oral flora, colonizing especially the gingival crevices and the tonsils in the absence of clinical disease. Actinomyces may also colonize the vagina and gastrointestinal tract. Actinomycosis is a chronic disease caused by several species of Actinomyces, the most common of which are A. israelii, A. gerencseriae, A. naeslundi, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus and A. meyeri. Actinomycosis develops when the microorganism is introduced into surrounding tissue and is characterized by the formation of suppurative abscesses that usually result in draining sinuses. Because of radial growth of the bacterium, colonies form in tissue, surrounded by a marked inflammatory response which gives rise to firm yellowish granules (‘sulfur granules’). These may be extruded with draining pus. While three major categories of infection (cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal) are well recognized, actinomycosis may develop in any organ or body site, e.g. the eye (lacrimal canaliculitis) and the female pelvis in association with the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device. Actinomycosis may occur in conjunction with other bacterial species such as Actinobatillus actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens. Morphology Actinomyces (‘ray fungus’) species are Grampositive bacteria that occur as branching, beaded, filamentous rods which fragment into short ‘diphtheroid’ and coccoid forms. Often, the filaments of A. israelii have a swollen, clubbed terminus. Culture characteristics Actinomyces species are microaerophilic to anaerobic. The optimum temperature for growth is 37°C. With the exception of A. viscosus and A. neuii, Actinomyces species are catalasenegative. Proprionibacterium acnes, however, a Grampositive anaerobic bacterium which resides on the human skin, and which also forms branching bacillary forms, is also catalasepositive and must be differentiated from A. viscosus and A. neuii. BACILLUS SPECIES Members of the genus Bacillus are Grampositive to Gramvariable, aerobic, rodshaped bacteria which Figure 1 Actinomyces Gram stain of cervicofacial abscess drainage showing beaded filaments and filament fragments, many of which are slightly curved with clubbed ends bearing a morphological resemblance to Corynebacterium (‘diphtheroids’) species
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