Atlas of Human Anatomy: Including Student Consult

791 Pages·2018·283.452 MB·English

by  Frank H. Netter MD

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2015v1.0
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F R A N K H . N E T T E R , M D
Atlas
of N
Human
E
Anatomy T
T
E
R

7
SEVENTH
EDITION
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste. 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY, SEVENTH EDITION Standard Edition: 978-0-323-39322-5
Professional Edition: 978-0-323-55428-2
International Edition: 978-0-323-39321-8
Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc.
Previous editions copyrighted 2014, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1997, 1989
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek
permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements
with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can
be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Permission to use Netter Art figures may be sought through the website NetterImages.com or by
emailing Elsevier’s Licensing Department at [email protected].
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or
medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein.
In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety
of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check
the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of
each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and
duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying
on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine
dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety
precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or
editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of
products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-39322-5
Executive Content Strategist: Elyse O’Grady
Senior Content Development Specialist: Marybeth Thiel
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Book Design: Patrick Ferguson
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONSULTING EDITORS
Carlos A. G. Machado, MD Jennifer Brueckner-Collins, PhD
Chief Contributing Medical Illustrator Professor and Vice Chair of Educational Programs
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology
John T. Hansen, PhD University of Louisville School of Medicine
Lead Editor Louisville, Kentucky
Professor of Neuroscience
Former Chair of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Todd M. Hoagland, PhD
Associate Dean for Admissions Professor
University of Rochester Medical Center Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
Rochester, New York Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Brion Benninger, MD, MSc
Professor of Medical Innovation, Technology, & R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD
Research; Professor of Clinical Anatomy Chief Scientific Officer, and Vice President
Executive Director, Chair, Medical Anatomy Center Seattle Science Foundation
Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences Seattle, Washington;
Faculty College of Dentistry Professor of Anatomy
Western University of Health Sciences Department of Anatomical Sciences
Lebanon Oregon; St. George’s University
Faculty, Sports Medicine Fellows, Orthopaedic and Grenada, West Indies;
General Surgery Residencies Centre of Anatomy and Human Identification
Samaritan Health Services, Corvallis, Oregon; Dundee University
Faculty, Surgery, Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, and Oral United Kingdom
Maxillofacial Surgery
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
EDITORS OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS
First Edition Fifth Edition Sixth Edition
Sharon Colacino, PhD John T. Hansen, PhD John T. Hansen, PhD
Brion Benninger, MD, MS Brion Benninger, MD, MS
Second Edition Jennifer K. Brueckner, PhD Jennifer Brueckner-Collins, PhD
Arthur F. Dalley II, PhD Stephen W. Carmichael, PhD, DSc Todd M. Hoagland, PhD
Noelle A. Granger, PhD R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD
Third Edition R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD
John T. Hansen, PhD
Fourth Edition
John T. Hansen, PhD
Jennifer K. Brueckner, PhD
Stephen W. Carmichael, PhD, DSc
Thomas R. Gest, PhD
Noelle A. Granger, PhD
Anil H. Waljii, MD, PhD
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
Hassan Amiralli, MBBS, MS (Surg) Virginia T. Lyons, PhD Mark E. Sturgill, DO
Professor and Chair Associate Professor of Medical Pediatric and Neuroradiologist
Department of Anatomy Education Radiology Partners
American University of Antigua Associate Dean of Preclinical Hopkinsville, Kentucky
College of Medicine Year 1
Antigua, West Indies Geisel School of Medicine at William J. Swartz, PhD
Dartmouth Professor of Cell Biology and
Nihal Apaydın, MD, PhD Hanover, New Hampshire Anatomy
Professor, Department of Anatomy Louisiana State University
Faculty of Medicine Thazhumpal Chacko Mathew, PhD Health Sciences Center
Vice Director, Brain Research Center Professor and Vice Dean for New Orleans, Louisiana
Ankara University Research, Training, and
Ankara, Turkey Consultation Kimberly Topp, PT, PhD
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Professor and Chair
Keith E. Baynes, MD Health Sciences Centre Department of Physical Therapy and
Section Chief, MSK and General Kuwait University Rehabilitation Science
Radiology Kuwait City, Kuwait Department of Anatomy
Associate Professor of Radiology University of California, San
Medical College of Wisconsin Paul E. Neumann, MD Francisco
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Professor, Department of Anatomy San Francisco, California
and Neurobiology
Francisco J. Caycedo, MD Faculty of Medicine Ivan Varga, PhD
Specialist in Foot and Ankle Surgery Dalhousie University Professor of Anatomy, Histology,
Sports Medicine and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada and Embryology
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Faculty of Medicine
OrthoSports Associates–St. Eduardo Cotecchia Ribeiro, PhD Comenius University
Vincent’s Birmingham Associate Professor of Descriptive Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Birmingham, Alabama and Topographic Anatomy
Department of Morphology and Peter J. Ward, PhD
William E. Cullinan, PhD Genetics Associate Professor of Anatomy
Professor, Department of School of Medicine West Virginia School of Osteopathic
Biomedical Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Medicine
Director, Integrative Neuroscience São Paulo, Brazil Lewisburg, West Virginia
Research Center
Dean, College of Health Sciences Danielle F. Royer, PhD Robert J. Ward, MD
Marquette University Associate Professor Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Cell and Developmental Biology Intervention
University of Colorado, Anschutz Director, Bone Densitometry
Joe Iwanaga, DDS, PhD Medical Campus Department of Radiology
Assistant Professor Aurora, Colorado Tufts Medical Center
Division of Gross and Clinical Director, Undergraduate Radiology
Anatomy Jonathan Spratt, MB, BChir Education
Department of Anatomy Clinical Director of Radiology Assistant Professor of Radiology and
Kurume University School of Sunderland City Hospitals Orthopedics
Medicine Sunderland, United Kingdom Tufts University School of Medicine
Kurume, Japan Former Examiner in Anatomy Boston, Massachusetts
Royal College of Radiologists
Christopher R. Kelly, MD and Royal College of Surgeons of Kristy A. Weir, PhD
Clinical Fellow England School of Biomedical Sciences
Division of Cardiology Visiting Professor of Anatomy The University of Queensland
Columbia University Medical Center St. George’s University St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
New York, New York Grenada, West Indies
Robert Louis, MD Susan Standring, MBE, PhD, DSc
Director, Skull Base and Pituitary Professor Emeritus of Anatomy
Tumor Program Department of Anatomy
Minimally Invasive Brain and Spine King’s College London
Surgery London, United Kingdom
Hoag Neurosciences Institute
Newport Beach, California
NEW TO THIS EDITION
With your copy of the Frank H. Netter, MD, Atlas of Human New Art Plates by Dr. Machado
Anatomy, you own a collection of some of the most well- For this edition alone, over 25 new illustrations have been
known depictions of human anatomy in medicine and painted by Dr. Machado. Suggestions for new plates of
healthcare. In addition to the famous work of Dr. Netter, additional anatomic views and concepts are submitted
with your copy of this 7th edition, you also have access to by students, faculty, anatomists, physicians, and others.
nearly 100 painted pieces by Carlos A. G. Machado, MD, Sometimes suggestions are solicited at major anatomy
one of the foremost medical illustrators working today. Dr. conferences with a “What Should Carlos Paint Next?” idea
Machado’s contributions to the Atlas highlight important box. Decisions around which new plates are prioritized
views of anatomy that have become more clinically relevant and given space in a new edition come from discussions
in recent years— anatomic views that have resulted from among consulting editors. The new plates for this edition are
improved dissection techniques and modern imaging. largely those that portray structures with clinical significance
In addition, you have access to more than 50 carefully (Fascial Columns of the Neck, Deep Veins of the Leg, Hip
selected radiologic images that help bridge the idealized Bursae, and Vasculature of the Prostate) or those that are
illustrated anatomy with living anatomy viewed in the difficult to visualize (Infratemporal Fossa)—and, of course,
clinic. the new additions created for the introductory section.
While numerous updates have been made to the
illustrated plates and tables to make them easier to learn Terminology Updates
from, the most significant changes to this edition include: The Atlas of Human Anatomy uses terminology accepted
(in Göttingen, Germany, on September 24, 2016) by the
Introductory Section Federative International Programme on Anatomical Termi-
To fulfill the requests from many students and fans of nologies and published as updates to the 1998 Terminologia
Netter’s Atlas, we have added a new opening section Anatomica. Numerous updates to terminology have been
containing several overview plates. These plates provide made, so in select cases, former terminology has been
the very first head-to-toe views in the Atlas of Human included within parentheses to assist with the transition.
Anatomy!
New Radiologic Images
Clinical Tables Over 50 radiologic images—some completely new views
The Atlas of Human Anatomy is the only anatomy atlas and others replacing existing views using newer imaging
illustrated by physicians. Dr. Netter was a surgeon and tools—are included in this edition. Images have been
Dr. Machado is a cardiologist. The views of anatomy selected based on their utility to students studying gross
in this atlas have always reflected a clinical perspec- anatomy.
tive. In line with this clinical focus, and in congruence Your Atlas of Human Anatomy content has been updated,
with integrated curricula in health and medicine, tables created, and overseen by a team of dedicated and pas-
at the end of each regional section highlight the most sionate consulting editors, with the help of a stellar
commonly injured structures, as well as other structures international advisory board, and guided by the feedback
with high clinical significance and commonly covered of many students, educators, anatomists, and clinicians
in anatomy courses. The tables provide students with that love Netter’s Atlas. Please feel free to comment on
quick summaries, organized by body system, and note the Netter Images Facebook page or Twitter feeds or email
where to best view these key structures in the illustrated us directly with your thoughts, suggestions, or questions
plates. at [email protected].