Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects IV : Fourth International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, 18-22 July, 2000, San Diego, USA PDF
Preview Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects IV : Fourth International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, 18-22 July, 2000, San Diego, USA
Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects IV This Page Intentionally Left Blank Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects IV ProceedingsoftheFourthInternational ConferenceonArsenic ExposureandHealthEffects,June18---22,2000,SanDiego,California Editors: WillardR.Chappell UniversityofColoradoatDenver Denver,CO,USA CharlesO.Abernathy U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency Washington,DC,USA RebeccaL.Calderon U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency ResearchTrianglePark,NC,USA 2001 ELSEVIER Amsterdam---London---NewYork---Oxford---Paris---Shannon---Tokyo ELSEVIERSCIENCELtd TheBoulevard,LangfordLane Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK 2001ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved. 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Arsenicexposureandhealtheffects:proceedingsoftheFourthInternational ConferenceonArsenicExposureandHealthEffects,July18-22,2000,SanDiego, California/editors,WillardR.Chappell,CharlesO.Abernathy,andRebeccaL. Calderon.--1sted. p.cm Includesindex. ISBN0-08-044067-3(hardcover) 1.Arsenic--Toxicology--Congresses.2.Arsenic--Environmentalaspects--Congresses. I.Chappell,WillardR.II.Abernathy,CharlesO.(CharlesOwen),1941-III.Calderon, RebeccaL.IV.Title. RA1231.A7I582000 615.9’25715--dc21 2001040631 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordfromtheBritishLibraryhasbeenappliedfor. ISBN:0080440673 1 ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstherequirementsofANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992(PermanenceofPaper). PrintedinTheNetherlands. v Preface The Society of Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH) Fourth International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held June 18–22, 2000 in San Diego, California. Both public and private groups sponsored the conference. In addition to SEGH and the University of Colorado at Denver, other sponsors included the US EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(USEPA),theElectricPowerResearchInstitute(EPRI), the International Council on Metals in the Environment (ICME), Kennecott Corporation andUNICEF. Over 250 people, including thespeakers and poster presenters, attendedthe 4th con- ference.Ofthese,approximatelyone-thirdwere non-UScitizens; thelargest groupswere from Asia and Europe. The attendees included scientists from academia, industry, local government, state government, the US federal government and several government sci- entistsfrom outside theUS. Thedisciplines representedand thecontentof thepresenta- tionsincludedgeochemistry,chemistry,molecularbiology,biochemistry,epidemiologyand medicine. Several outstanding papers and posters presented at the conference generated livelydiscussionanddebate,notonlyaboutscientificissues,butalsosocial,publicpolicy andregulatoryissues.Theinteractionsbetweentheattendeesbothduringandoutsidethe sessionsresultedinmanynewcontactsbetweenscientists. There were 11 platform sessions and three poster sessions with 55 speakers and 120 posters.Paneldiscussionswereheldaftereachsessiontoencouragediscussionanddebate. Onesessionwasdevotedentirelytotheproposedmaximumcontaminantlevel(MCL)of 5µg/lwhere EPAscientists presentedthereasoningusedtoarrive at thatrecommenda- tion. As most people know, the final MCL was proposed to be 10 µg/l, but the present administrationhasdecidedtoreviewthatrecommendationbeforelettingitbeimplemen- ted.Thus,atthetimeofwritingofthispreface,thesituationisunclear. Thefinalsession wasapaneldiscussion onresearchneedstorefinetheMCL.Asinpastconferences,new countries reported elevated arsenic exposures. This time it was Vietnam where Dr. Viet reportedelevatedarsenicconcentrationsingroundwaterintheRedRiverDelta.Sincethe conference,highlevelsintheRedRiverDeltainCambodiahavealsobeenreported. Theseedsoftheconference(s)weresownatameetingoftheSEGHExecutiveBoardin December1991. Theyagreedtoform anArsenicTaskForcesimilar totheSEGHLeadin SoilTaskForce thathadbeenformedinthe1980s. Itwasclear thattherewasagrowing controversyregardingtheproposed changesin theUS EPAMCL for arsenic in drinking water.Thisistheenforceablestandardfordrinkingwater.Inadditiontoimpactingonwa- terutilities,thedevelopmentofthestandardwouldalsohavethepossibilityforsignificant economic impacts on the cleanup of superfund sites and on the electric power industry (becauseofarsenicinflyash). TheTaskForcewasformedin1992andchairedbyWillardChappell.Aninternational conferenceseemedtobean excellentwaytobegintocompile thedataandtodetermine whatneededtobedoneinthisarea.TheFirstSEGHInternationalConferenceonArsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held in New Orleans in 1993. This conference was successful in attracting the top arsenic researchers in the world. It was followed by the WorkshoponEpidemiologyandPhysiologically-BasedPharmacokineticsthatwasheldin Annapolis,MDin1994. Perhapsthemostsignificantoutcomeofthe1994Workshopwas vi Preface the realization that there are many arsenic hot spots in the world. Although not widely recognized by the scientific community at that time, significant public health problems existed in countries such as India, Thailand and China. The Second SEGH International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effectswas held in 1995 in San Diego with a primary purpose being to highlight the global aspects of the problem and most of the impacted countries were represented. At that time, the biggest recognized problem area was in West Bengal,Indiawhere an estimated30 million people are at risk from arsenic exposureinthegroundwater. The Third SEGH International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects (1998) was also held in San Diego and continued the theme of global impact of arsenic. In addition, two new countries with significant arsenic problems, Inner Mongolia and Bangladesh, were represented.The attendeeswere to learn that the Bangladesh problem couldbelargerthantheoneinWestBengalwithapossible80millionpeople(two-thirds of the population) at risk. This situation caught the attention of the media later in 1998 withthepublicationofafront-pagearticleintheNovember16,1998NewYorkTimes.The articlewassyndicatedandpublishedinnewspapersaroundtheworld. The SEGH Fourth International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects continuedthefocus ontheglobalimpact ofarsenic, andalsofeaturedsessionsonmech- anismsofcancercarcinogenesis,metabolism,andwatertreatmenttechnology.Webelieve the4thconference isthemost dynamicconference todateandthisresultingmonograph representsthestate-of-the-artinarsenicresearchonaworldwidebasis.Webelievethatit will contribute to the solution of the many problems existing throughout the world and areverygratefultotheauthorsfortheirdiligenceandfineworkandtothesponsorsfor thesupportthatmadeitpossible. We are also deeply appreciative of the fine efforts of Rosemary Wormington of the EnvironmentalSciencesProgramoftheUniversityofColoradoatDenverwhoputinlong hours as conference coordinator. She kept the entire Conference going and, more than anyoneelse,isresponsibleforthesuccessofthisandthepastconferences. vii Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ListofContributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Obituary:KurtJ.Irgolic1938–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi WalterGoessler I. OCCURRENCEANDEXPOSURE Arsenic:the‘KingofPoisons’inAntiquity–aPossibleThreattoFutureSustainability 1 IainThornton InternationalPerspectiveonNaturallyOccurringArsenicProblemsinGroundwater . 9 Pauline L. Smedley, David G. Kinniburgh, Ihtishamul Huq, Luo Zhen-dong, HugoB.Nicolli CharacterizationofArsenic-bearingSedimentsintheGangeticDeltaofWestBengal, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Dipankar Chakraborti, GautamK.Basu,BhajanK.Biswas,UttamK.Chowdhury, MohammadMahmudurRahman,KunalPaul,TaritRoyChowdhury,ChittaR.Chanda, DilipLodh,SagarLalRay Geochemical andPalaeohydrological Controls on Pollution ofGroundwaterby Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 P.Ravenscroft,J.M.McArthur,B.A.Hoque Progresses on Researches of EndemicArsenism in China: Population at Risk, InterventionActions,andRelatedScientificIssues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 GuifanSun,JingboPi,BingLi,XiaoyingGuo,HiroshiYamauchi,TakahikoYoshida ArsenicinLatinAmerica:Occurrence,Exposure,HealthEffectsandRemediation. . . 87 AnaM.Sancha,Mar´ıaL.Castro ImpactsofHistoricArsenicalPesticideUseonResidentialSoilsinDenver,Colorado . 97 DavidJ.Folkes,StevenO.Helgen,RobertA.Litle ArsenicSpeciationinFresh-WaterFishandBivalves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 IrisKoch, KennethJ.Reimer,AndaBeach,William R.Cullen,Alexandra Gosden, VivianW.-M.Lai DeterminationofOrganoarsenicCompoundsinFinishingChickenFeedandChicken LitterbyHPLC–ICP–MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 M.Pavkov,W.Goessler II. HEALTHEFFECTSEPIDEMIOLOGY IndividualSusceptibilitytoArseniasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Chien-JenChen,Yu-MeiHsueh,Mei-PingTseng,Yu-ChunLin,Lin-IHsu,Wei-Lin Chou,Hung-YiChiou,Iuan-HorngWang,Yi-LiChou,Chin-HsiaoTseng,Saou-Hsing Liou viii Contents BayesianModelAveragingwithApplicationstotheRiskAssessmentforArsenicin DrinkingWater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 KnashawnH.Morales,JosephG.Ibrahim,LouiseM.Ryan,Chien-JenChen EpidemiologicalStudyonVariousNon-carcinomatousManifestationsofChronic ArsenicToxicityinaDistrictofWestBengal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 D.N.GuhaMazumder,NilimaGhosh,BinayK.De,AmalSantra,SubhankarDas, SarbariLahiri,ReinaHaque,AllanHSmith,DipankarChakraborti PossibleEffectsofArseniconVisualPerceptionandVisual–Motor Integrationof ChildreninThailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 UnchaleeSiripitayakunkit,SudarukLue,ChanpenChoprapawan InteractionsbetweenArsenicandOtherFactorsinRelationtoCarcinogenicity . . . . 173 IrvaHertz-Picciotto Arsenic in Drinking Water from Groundwater in Transylvania, Romania: an Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 EugenS.Gurzau,AncaElenaGurzau PreliminaryAnalysisofLungCancerIncidenceinArsenicExposedPopulation . . . . 185 Vladim´ırBencko,Jirˇ´ıRamesˇ,MiloslavGo¨tzl ArsenicIngestionandHealthEffectsinBangladesh:EpidemiologicalObservations . . 193 MahfuzarRahman,OlavAxelson OccurrenceofCancerinArsenicContaminatedArea,RonpiboolDistrict,Nakorn SrithmmaratProvince,Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 ChanpenChoprapawon,YawaratPorapakkham III. BIOMARKERS ArsenicExposure,NullGenotypesofGlutathioneS-TransferaseM1,T1andP1,and RiskofCarotidAtherosclerosisamongResidentsintheLanyangBasinofTaiwan. . . 207 H.Y.Chiou,I.H.Wang,Y.M.Hsueh,S.T.Chiou,Y.L.Chou,H.W.Teh,C.J.Chen ChronicInorganicArsenicExposureAltersHemeMetabolisminHumans . . . . . . . 221 Aracel´ıHernandez-Zavala,GonzaloG.Garc´ıa-Vargas,MarianoE.Cebria´n,Carolina Aguilar,LuzMar´ıaDelRazo MutationsinC57Bl/6JandMetallothioneinKnock-out MiceInducedbyChronic ExposureofSodiumArsenateinDrinkingWater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Jack C. Ng, Lixia Qi, Jian-Ping Wang, Xilong Xiao, Mahmood Shahin, MichaelR.Moore,ArungundrumS.Prakash IV. MECHANISMS ArseniteExposureCausesbothHypomethylationandHypermethylationinHuman CellLinesinCultureatLowConcentrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 CathyZhong,LiangjunWang,MarcJ.Mass InductionofProliferativeLesionsoftheUterus,TestesandLiverinSwissMiceGiven RepeatedInjectionsofSodiumArsenate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 MichaelP.Waalkes,LarryK.Keefer,BhalchandraA.Diwan Sub-Toxic Arsenite Induces a Multi-Component Protective Response against OxidativeStressinHumanCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 ElizabethT.Snow,MichaelSchuliga,SalemChouchane,YuHu Contents ix TheCarcinogenicityofDimethylarsinicAcid(DMA)inRats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 SamuelM.Cohen,MartinCano,MargaretK.St.John,PeterC.Ryder,EvaUzvolgyi, LoraL.Arnold HumanCellModelsforArsenicCarcinogenicityandToxicity:Transformationand GeneticSusceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 TobyG.Rossman,MelissaA.Visalli,AhmedN.Uddin,YuHu Research Requirementsfor aBiologically Realistic Cancer Risk Assessmentfor Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 HarveyClewell V. METABOLISM TheDiscovery,ImportanceandSignificanceofMonomethylarsonousAcid(MMAIII) inUrineofHumansExposedtoInorganicArsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 H. Vasken Aposhian, Eugen S. Gurzau, X. Chris Le, Anca Gurzau, Robert A. Zakharyan, William R.Cullen,Sheila M.Healy,DiegoGonzalez-Ramirez, Daniel L.Morgan,AdrianaSampayo-Reyes,EricWildfang,TimothyR.Radabaugh,JayS. Petrick,EugeneA.MashJr.,ReddyB.Aavula,MaryM.Aposhian TheImpactofSeleniumStatusontheMetabolismandDispositionofArsenicandits ImplicationsforEpidemiologicInvestigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 E.M.Kenyon,M.F.Hughes,L.M.DelRazo,O.A.Levander TrivalentMethylatedArsenicals: Toxic ProductsoftheMetabolismofInorganic Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 MiroslavStyblo,ShanLin,LuzMariaDelRazo,DavidJ.Thomas Speciation of Human Urinary Arsenic Including the Trivalent Methylation Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 XiufenLu,ZhilongGong,MingshengMa,WilliamR.Cullen,H.VaskenAposhian, BaoshanZheng,EugenS.Gurzau,X.ChrisLe Dose–ResponseRelationshipsfortheMetabolismandUrinaryExcretionofArsenicals inHumans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 DavidJ.Thomas,LuzMariaDelRazo,DinaM.Schreinemachers,EdwardE.Hudgens, X.ChrisLe,RebeccaL.Calderon Arsenic Methylation and the S-Adenosylmethionine-MediatedTransmethyla- tion/TranssulfurationPathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 JoyceMorisseyDonohue,CharlesO.Abernathy VI. INTERVENTIONANDMEDICALTREATMENT An Overview of the UNICEF Supported Arsenic Mitigation Programme in Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 C.J.Davis SeventeenYearsExperienceofArsenicosisinWestBengal,India . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 KshitishChandraSaha,DipankarChakraborti ArsenicMobilizationbyDMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 H.VaskenAposhian,MaryM.Aposhian ArsenicMitigationandWaterSupplyinBangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 BilqisA.Hoque,P.Ravenscroft,M.M.Hoque,M.Rahman,NahidA.Ali,G.Morshed, M.S.Monir,M.Amin
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