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CLARENDON ARISTOTLE SERIES General Editor LINDSAY JUDSON Alsopublishedinthisseries CategoriesandDeInterpretatione j. l. ackrill DeAnimabooksIIandIII d. w. hamlyn NewimpressionwithsupplementarymaterialbyChristopherShields DeGenerationeetCorruptione c. j. f. williams DePartibusAnimaliumIandDeGenerationeAnimaliumI d. m. balme NewimpressionwithsupplementarymaterialbyAllanGotthelf EudemianEthicsBooksI,II,andVIII michael woods Secondedition MetaphysicsBooksBandK1–2 arthur madigan, sj MetaphysicsBooksΓ,∆,andE christopher kirwan Secondedition MetaphysicsBooksZandH david bostock MetaphysicsBooksMandN julia annas NicomacheanEthicsBooksII–IV c. c. w. taylor NicomacheanEthicsBooksVIIIandIX michael pakaluk OnthePartsofAnimals james g. lennox PhysicsBooksIandII william charlton Newimpressionwithsupplementarymaterial PhysicsBooksIIIandIV edward hussey Newimpressionwithsupplementarymaterial PhysicsBookVIII daniel graham PoliticsBooksIandII trevor j. saunders PoliticsBooksIIIandIV richard robinson NewimpressionwithsupplementarymaterialbyDavidKeyt PoliticsBooksVandVI david keyt PoliticsBooksVIIandVIII richard kraut PosteriorAnalytics jonathan barnes Secondedition TopicsBooksIandVIII robin smith Othervolumesareinpreparation A R I S T O T L E Metaphysics (cid:3) Book Translated withanIntroduction andCommentary by STEPHEN MAKIN CLARENDON PRESS·OXFORD 2006 1 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ©StephenMakin2006 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2006 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN0–19–875107–9 978–0–19–875107–6 ISBN0–19–875108–7(Pbk.) 978–0–19–875108–3(Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 ForCyrilMakin 1924-2003 This page intentionally left blank PREFACE Thisbookhasbeenquitesometimeinthewriting,andmanypeople haveprovidedcommentsandassistanceovertheyears.Iwouldlike to thank them all. Robert Wardy has given me detailed comments andinvaluableadviceoneveryaspectoftheproject.Thebookowes agreatdealtohim.LindsayJudsonhasreadnumerousdrafts,and his input has made this a better contribution to the Clarendon Aristotleseriesthanitwouldotherwisehavebeen.Ihavebenefited greatly from the comments of Tad Brennan, Sarah Broadie, Myles Burnyeat, Nick Denyer, Kit Fine, Doug Hutchinson, Sean Kelsey, Stephen Menn, David Sedley and Charlotte Witt. I am extremely gratefultoallthesefriendsandcolleagues. Material from this book has been presented to the Aristotelian Society Joint Session, and to seminars at Cambridge, Nottingham and Sheffield. Many thanks for the questions and contributions of thoseaudiences.IwouldalsoliketothankthestudentsatSheffield Universitywhohaveattendedandcontributedtolecturecourseson MetaphysicsΘ. I could not have finished this book without the support of the Philosophy Department at Sheffield University, who generously provided more than one period of research leave. I am grateful to them,andtotheAHRBforaResearchLeaveaward. I have received much help from Oxford University Press, and I would like to thank especially Jenni Craig, Andrew Hawkey, Peter MomtchiloffandHilaryWalford. Ispenttheyear2003onstudyleave,fundedbytheUniversityof Sheffield and by the AHRB. During that year I thoroughly revised earlier partial drafts of the book, and I wrote material for those chapters which were then undrafted. By the end of 2003 I had my first complete version. In December 2003 my father passed away. Hewasafineperson.Hegavemehisunconditionalandunstinting support throughout my life. This book is for him, in thanks for everythingheeverdidforme. vii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS INTRODUCTION xi TRANSLATION 1 COMMENTARY Chapter1 17 Chapter2 37 Chapter3 60 Chapter4 82 Chapter5 97 Chapter6 128 Chapter7 155 Chapter8 181 Chapter9 221 Chapter10 247 TEXTUAL NOTES 271 REFERENCES 274 INDEX LOCORUM 281 GENERAL INDEX 287 ix