Appropriate Technologies for Semiarid Areas: Wind and Solar Energy for Water Supply (1975)

345 Pages·2016·9.6 MB·English

by  German Foundation for International Development (DSE)

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for Semiarid Areas:
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Wind and Solar Energy
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for Water Supply
German Foundation
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for International Development
Seminar Centre for Economic
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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEHIARID
AREAS: WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY FOR WATER SUPPLY
15 to 20 September 1975
Berlin (West)
CONFERENCE REPORT
GERMAN FOUNDATION FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Seminar Centre for Economic and Social Development

in
FOREWORD
The drastic rise in oil prices in recent years has lent
renewed impetus to worldwide efforts to develop alternative
sources of energy. New, alternative and low-cost energy
sources have become vital for the economic survival of many
developing countries, in particular those which possess few
raw materials and have no income to pay vastly increased
energy bills. Drought disasters in the countries 1n the
semiarid areas which have led to the mass death of humans
and cattle have focussed attention on the connection
between attempts to Improve the water supply of these
regions and the lack of appropriate technologies and energy
needed to operate these technologies. The Seminar Centre
for Economic and Social Development of the German
Foundation for International Development has tackled the
problem of appropriate technologies 1n a whole series of
events and has already published discussion material on
this subject reflecting the view of African countries.
The purpose of the Conference on Wind and Solar Energy
for Water Supply In Semiarid Areas was to offer a further
forum for discussing the present state and development
potential of non-conventional technologies, adapted to the
natural conditions and acute needs of the developing
countries. The experts from both developing and Industrial
countries who were approached In connection with the
Conference demonstrated a lively Interest 1n the topic.
Their contributions showed that there are already a number
of well-tested and also newly developed methods for using
wind and solar energy for water supply which, once they
have reached the stage of mass production, will be able to
contribute significantly to solving energy and water
problems in the semiarid areas.
1v
This Report is intended to make available the Conference
material and discussion results to all Interested persons
in the research, economic, and political sectors and hence
to provide impetus for the further development and practical
application of these technologies.
The German Foundation for International Development
wishes to express Its gratitude to all the authors and
Conference participants for having contributed to the
success of the Conference and the preparation of this
Report.
Brigitte Freyh " Dr Gerhard Fritz
Director General Director General
CONTENTS
Page
RESOLUTION 1
I. CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS FOR WIND AND SOLAR 3
ENERGY IN WATER SUPPLY
1. Some Remarks on the Use of Wind and Solar 5
Energy In Sewiarid Areas
H. Tabor
2. Approaches to Water Pumping 1n Arid and 11
/ Semiarid Lands
S. B. Watt
3. Discussions and Recommendations 37
II. WIND ENERGY 41
1. Efficiency and Economic Comparison of 43
Different WEC - (Wind Energy Converter)
Rotor Systems
H. Dbrner
2. Flapping-vane Wind Machine and Rod Piston 71
Pump, an Integrated Delivery System for
Large Well Depths and Snail Flow Rates
P. Bade
3. Flapp1ng-vane Wind Machine 83
P. Bade
4. 6,000 Hand-crafted Sailing Windmills of 89
Lassithlou, Greece, and Their Relevance
to Windmill Development 1n Rural India
M. M. Sherman
5. An Interim Report: The Design and Con- 95
/ struction of an Appropriate Water-pumping
Windmill for Indian Agriculture
M. M. Sherman
6. An Air-operated Deep-well Pump with Two 113
Types of Windmills
0. Park
7. Simple Anemometric Equipment 119
P. Dubach
vi
Page
8. Discussions and Recommendations 131
III. SOLAR PUMPING AND ELECTRICITY SUPPLY 135
1. Solar Thermal Power Station with 137
10 kW Output for Pumping and
Electrical Applications
W. Kleinkauf, R. Kohne, M. Simon
2. The Utilization of Solar Energy for 161
y Pumping Water in Developing Countries
M. Vergnet
3. Solar Cells for Terrestrial Use 175
G. H. Hewig, W. H. Bioss
4. The Geometry of the Guidance of Solar 185
Reflectors
K. Kuhnke, F. von Bismarck
5. Discussions and Recommendations 193
IV. SOLAR DISTILLATION 199
1. Systems for Solar Distillation Z01
T. A. Lawand
2. Solar Distillation Using Distilling Z51
Tanks and Evaporation Cloth
A. Beckers
3. An Experimental Solar Still Design 261
for the Sudan
Y. H. Hamid
4. Utilization of Solar Energy for 267
Desalination in India
U. Majumder
5. Water Distillation Plant 275
R. Owsianowski
6. A Research and Development Program 283
on Sea Water Desalination Plants
K.-P. Schubert
7. Discussions and Recommendations 291
Page
V. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 295
1. Appropriate Technology and the Choice 297
of Some Research Projects
C. D. Ouwens
2. Promotion of Appropriate Technologies 301
for Developing Countries by the German
Federal Government
3. Wind Energy in Developing Countries: 305
A Research Programme in the Netherlands
P. T. Smulders
4. The Activities of Messerschraidt-Bblkow- 309
Blohm GmbH in the Application of Solar
Energy
K. Berndorfer
5. Discussions and Recommendations on 313
Research and Development
6. Discussions and Recommendations on 317
Transfer of Technology - Production
and Maintenance
ANNEX 319
1. List of Participants 321
2. Programme 329