Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases PDF
Preview Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases
Fungal Biology Manish Srivastava Neha Srivastava Pramod W. Ramteke Pradeep Kumar Mishra Editors Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases Fungal Biology Series Editors Vijai Kumar Gupta Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Tallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee, Tallinn, Estonia Maria G. Tuohy School of Natural Sciences National University of Ireland Galway Galway, Ireland Fungal biology has an integral role to play in the development of the biotechnology and biomedical sectors. It has become a subject of increasing importance as new fungi and their associated biomolecules are identified. The interaction between fungi and their environment is central to many natural processes that occur in the biosphere. The hosts and habitats of these eukaryotic microorganisms are very diverse; fungi are present in every ecosystem on Earth. The fungal kingdom is equally diverse, consisting of seven different known phyla. Yet detailed knowledge is limited to relatively few species. The relationship between fungi and humans has been characterized by the juxtaposed viewpoints of fungi as infectious agents of much dread and their exploitation as highly versatile systems for a range of economically important biotechnological applications. Understanding the biology of different fungi in diverse ecosystems as well as their interactions with living and non-living is essential to underpin effective and innovative technological developments. This series will provide a detailed compendium of methods and information used to investigate different aspects of mycology, including fungal biology and biochemistry, genetics, phylogenetics, genomics, proteomics, molecular enzymology, and biotechnological applications in a manner that reflects the many recent developments of relevance to researchers and scientists investigating the Kingdom Fungi. Rapid screening techniques based on screening specific regions in the DNA of fungi have been used in species comparison and identification, and are now being extended across fungal phyla. The majorities of fungi are multicellular eukaryotic systems and therefore may be excellent model systems by which to answer fundamental biological questions. A greater understanding of the cell biology of these versatile eukaryotes will underpin efforts to engineer certain fungal species to provide novel cell factories for production of proteins for pharmaceutical applications. Renewed interest in all aspects of the biology and biotechnology of fungi may also enable the development of “one pot” microbial cell factories to meet consumer energy needs in the 21st century. To realize this potential and to truly understand the diversity and biology of these eukaryotes, continued development of scientific tools and techniques is essential. As a professional reference, this series will be very helpful to all people who work with fungi and should be useful both to academic institutions and research teams, as well as to teachers, and graduate and postgraduate students with its information on the continuous developments in fungal biology with the publication of each volume. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11224 Manish Srivastava • Neha Srivastava Pramod W. Ramteke • Pradeep Kumar Mishra Editors Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases Editors Manish Srivastava Neha Srivastava Department of Physics and Astrophysics Department of Chemical Engineering University of Delhi and Technology Delhi, Delhi, India Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Pramod W. Ramteke Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Biological Sciences Sam Higginbottom University Pradeep Kumar Mishra of Agriculture Department of Chemical Engineering Technology and Sciences (SHUATS) and Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India ISSN 2198-7777 ISSN 2198-7785 (electronic) Fungal Biology ISBN 978-3-030-14725-9 ISBN 978-3-030-14726-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword Renewable energy alternatives are urgently needed owing to serious environmental issues such as increasing pollution, global warming and crises of fossil fuels. Thus far, technologies related to renewable energy are noneconomic and have difficulty with their commercialization. Bioenergy generation using cellulosic waste bio- masses is a renewable, eco-friendly and potentially economically viable process and thus gaining attention worldwide. In spite of having a number of advantages over fossil fuels, production process of biomass to bioenergy is far from its practical implementation and hence could not be commercialized at global scale. Enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and downstream processing are the major hurdles which make the process of biomass to biofuels economically unviable. Application of bio- technology and bioprocess engineering is advancing to resolve numerous issues associated with the existing bottlenecks of the process to make it cost-effective. Publication of Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases book is a commendable step in this area. I am glad to read this book as a researcher interested in the area of biomass to biofuels conversion. This book com- prises of 10 chapters presenting various feasible approaches to improve the cellu- lase enzymes production and efficiency at industrial level. Production of cellulase using low-cost cellulosic substrate via low-cost technology at large scale is the major focus of this book. This book also attempts to fill the current gap of unavail- ability of feasible technology to produce cellulase for sustainable biofuels produc- tion using cellulosic biomass at commercial scale. In my opinion, this book will be treated as a milestone in the renewable energy area consisting of valuable informa- tion for the scientists, researchers, teachers, students and industries who are inter- ested in biomass-based biofuels production process. I congratulate to Dr. Manish Srivastava [DU, Delhi], Dr. Neha Srivastava [IIT (BHU), Varanasi], Prof. (Dr.) Pradeep Kumar Mishra [IIT (BHU), Varanasi] and Prof. (Dr.) Pramod W. Ramteke [SHUATS, Allahabad] for Approaches to Enhance v vi Foreword Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases book. The in-depth efforts made by the editors will help reduce the gap and fulfill the need of industries, scientists, teachers, researchers and students. I appreciate the efforts by the editors of this book. Virginia Commonwealth University Ram B. Gupta Richmond, VA, USA Preface Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abandoned waste being generated from the agricultural sector and is regarded as a potential source for green energy production. Due to rich source of cellulose and other organic components, it is significant of value addition transformation for commercial implementation of waste to wealth concept. Nevertheless, sustainable and economic transformations of these waste biomasses into biofuels are prime issues for commercial viability of the process. Cellulosic structure, high production cost, nonefficiency and unavailability of pro- ductive process are some major rollbacks which have to be overcome for making biomass waste to biofuels production process more economical and sustainable. Co-culture or mixed microbial culture concept for fermentation, genetic engi- neering, thermophilic/thermotolerant microbes, bioprocess parameters designing, and implementation of nanotechnology are effective and growing tools in this area for improving biomass to biofuels production process. The aim of this volume, “Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases,” is to keep the readers informed about the latest opportunity and practi- cal viability in biofuels production technology using different and new viable approaches. This volume consists of 11 different chapters contributed by the author(s) having in-depth experience in teaching and research in a broad area of bioprocess technology and biofuels production. An introduction of biomass to bio- fuels production process with limited technology and sustainable application oppor- tunity has been given in Chaps. 1 and 2 while fermentation technologies availability with microorganisms for process is discussed in Chaps. 3, 4, and 5. A detailed description about feedstocks and their potential is explored in Chaps. 5, 6, and 7. Immobilization strategies to improve enzyme stability are discussed in Chaps. 8 and 9. Moreover, Chaps. 10 and 11 explore about the genetic engineering strategies to improve biomass to biofuels production process using microbes and protein engi- neering to improve stability and productivity of the process. Further, this book is targeted toward exploration of various sustainable, viable, and economical approaches which can help to improve biofuels production from cellulosic waste at practical ground. Vast discussion about existing loophole in the process and vii viii Preface estimation of recent advancement enhance the quality of this book and make it suit- able for the students, scholars, and eminent scientists working in this area. We express our deep indebtedness to all the contributed authors, people involved directly or indirectly for sustained guidance, invaluable prolonged discussion, criti- cism, and all that went to contribute substantially in the completion of this task. We also extend our thanks to the Director, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, and Head, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi (U.P., India). Delhi, Delhi, India Manish Srivastava Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Neha Srivastava Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Pramod W. Ramteke Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Pradeep Kumar Mishra Acknowledgments We thankfully acknowledge all the authors, academicians, and scientists for their contributions that have enriched this volume. From the core of heart, a deep sense of gratitude to our parents is also expressed, whose blessings have always encour- aged us to pursue academic activities profoundly. While compiling this work, it is possible that some mistakes might have snuck in text unintentionally and for these we owe undiluted responsibility. We are thankful to the Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, for the support during the com- pilation of this work. Editor M.S. also acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST) for DST-INSPIRE Faculty [IFA-13-MS-02] award. ix
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