Applications of Solar Energy

369 Pages·2018·11.31 MB·English

by  Himanshu Tyagi

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Himanshu Tyagi
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Prodyut R. Chakraborty
Satvasheel Powar Editors
Applications
of Solar
Energy
Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Series editors
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ashok Pandey, Distinguished Scientist, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology
Research, Lucknow, India
This books series publishes cutting edge monographs and professional books
focused on all aspects of energy and environmental sustainability, especially as it
relates to energy concerns. The Series is published in partnership with the
International Society for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. The books in
these series are editor or authored by top researchers and professional across the
globe. The series aims at publishing state-of-the-art research and development in
areas including, but not limited to:
(cid:129) Renewable Energy
(cid:129) Alternative Fuels
(cid:129) Engines and Locomotives
(cid:129) Combustion and Propulsion
(cid:129) Fossil Fuels
(cid:129) Carbon Capture
(cid:129) Control and Automation for Energy
(cid:129) Environmental Pollution
(cid:129) Waste Management
(cid:129) Transportation Sustainability
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15901
⋅
Himanshu Tyagi Avinash Kumar Agarwal
⋅
Prodyut R. Chakraborty Satvasheel Powar
Editors
Applications of Solar Energy
123
Editors
HimanshuTyagi ProdyutR. Chakraborty
Department ofMechanical Engineering Department ofMechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur
Rupnagar,Punjab Jodhpur,Rajasthan
India India
Avinash KumarAgarwal SatvasheelPowar
Department ofMechanical Engineering Schoolof Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Mandi,Himachal Pradesh
India India
ISSN 2522-8366 ISSN 2522-8374 (electronic)
Energy,Environment, andSustainability
ISBN978-981-10-7205-5 ISBN978-981-10-7206-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7206-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017957678
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Foreword
The monograph titled ‘Applications of Solar Energy,’ edited by Dr. Himanshu
Tyagi, Prof. AvinashK.Agarwal,Dr. Prodyut R.Chakraborty,andDr.Satvasheel
Powar,isacollectionofarticleswrittenbyexpertsinthisfield.Thesearticlesarein
fact the review of research work carried out in the recent past by the respective
expertsandpresentedintherecentlyheldFirstISEESInternationalConferenceon
‘Sustainable Energy and Environmental Challenges’ (SEEC-2017) from February
26to28,2017,atCenterofInnovativeandAppliedBioprocessing(CIAB),Mohali,
Punjab, India. Usually, such monographs suffer from being incongruent collection
of research works, but in the current volume, articles are chosen keeping obser-
vation on the continuity and consistency of the theme of the monograph. The
monograph covering various topics on diverse methods of utilizing efficiently the
solar energy will be particularly useful to research students starting their work in
this field. Most of the articles deal with different experimental techniques of using
solar energy through thermal processes. One chapter deals with photovoltaic
technique of using solar energy with maximum possible efficiency. Some chapters
include computer simulation of two- and three-dimensional model systems for
powergenerationfromsolarenergy.InIndia,wehaveanumberofresearchgroups
in various institutions working in these fields.
The editorial team has put tremendous effort in bringing out this monograph,
especially in the review process of all chapters emanating from the short presen-
tations at the conference. It is heartening to see young researchers in this area
spendingtheirvaluabletimeinbringingoutsuchausefuldocumentforthebenefit
of this community. I wish it all the success.
Prof. Sarit K. Das
Director
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar
India
v
Preface
Energy demand has been rising remarkably due to increasing population and
urbanization.Globaleconomyandsocietyaresignificantlydependentontheenergy
availability because it touches every facet of human life and its activities. Trans-
portation and power generation are major examples of energy. Without the trans-
portationbymillionsofpersonalizedandmasstransportvehiclesandavailabilityof
24×7 power, human civilization would not have reached contemporary living
standards.
First International Conference on ‘Sustainable Energy and Environmental
Challenges’ (SEEC-2017) was organized under the auspices of ‘International
Society for Energy and Environmental Sustainability’ (ISEES) by the ‘Center of
Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing’ (CIAB), Mohali, from February 26 to 28,
2017.ISEESwasfoundedatIITKanpurinJanuary2014withanaimofspreading
knowledge in the fields of energy, environment, sustainability, and combustion.
The Society’s goal is to contribute to the development of clean, affordable, and
secureenergyresourcesandasustainableenvironmentforthesocietyandtospread
knowledge in the above-mentioned areas and spread awareness about the envi-
ronmentalchallenges,whichtheworldisfacingtoday.ISEESisinvolvedinvarious
activities such as conducting workshops, seminars, conferences in the domains of
itsinterests.TheSocietyalsorecognizestheoutstandingworksdonebytheyoung
scientists and engineers for their contributions in these fields by conferring them
awards under various categories.
This conference provided a platform for discussions between eminent scientists
andengineersfromvariouscountriesincludingIndia,USA,SouthKorea,Norway,
Malaysia, and Australia. In this conference, eminent speakers from all over the
world presented their views related to different aspects of energy, combustion,
emissions,andalternativeenergyresourceforsustainabledevelopmentandcleaner
environment. The conference started with four mini-symposiums on very topical
themes, which included (i) New Fuels and Advanced Engine Combustion,
(ii) Sustainable Energy, (iii) Experimental and Numerical Combustion, and
(iv) Environmental Remediation and Rail Road Transport. The conference had 14
technicalsessionsontopicsrelatedtoenergyandenvironmentalsustainabilityanda
vii
viii Preface
panel discussion on ‘Challenges, Opportunities and Directions of Technical Edu-
cation and Research in the Area of Energy, Environment and Sustainability’ to
wrap up the three-day technical extravaganza. The conference included 2 plenary
talks, 12 keynote talks, 42 invited talks from prominent scientists, 49 contributed
talks, and 120 posters. A total of 234 participants and speakers attended this
three-dayconference,whichhostedDr.V.K.Saraswat,MemberNITIAyog,India,
asachiefguestfortheawardceremonyoftheISEES.Thisconferencelaidoutthe
road map for technology development, opportunities, and challenges in this tech-
nology domain. The technical sessions in the conference included Advances in IC
Engines and Fuels; Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels; Combustion Processes;
Renewable Energy: Prospects and Technologies; Waste to Wealth-Chemicals and
Fuels; Energy Conversion Systems; Numerical Simulation of Combustion Pro-
cesses; Alternate Fuels for IC Engines; Sprays and Heterogeneous Combustion of
Coal/Biomass; Biomass Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals—Thermochemical
Processes; Utilization of Biofuels; and Environmental Protection and Health. All
these topics are very relevant for the country and the world in the present context.
The society is grateful to Prof. Ashok Pandey for organizing and hosting this
conference,whichledtogerminationofthisseriesofmonographs,whichincluded
16 books related to different aspects of energy, environment, and sustainability.
This is the first time that such voluminous and high-quality outcome has been
achieved by any society in India from one conference.
The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the authors for
submitting their work in a timely manner and revising it appropriately at short
notice. We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. Chandan Banerjee, Dr.
AnirbanBhattacharya, Dr.SantoshB.Bopche,Dr.LaltuChandra,Dr.SudiptaDe,
Dr. Ambesh Dixit, Dr. Varun Goel, Dr. D.B. Jani, Dr. Shyam Karagadde, Dr.
VikrantKhullar,Dr.PradeepKumar,Dr.ManishMishra,Dr.DibakarRakshit,Dr.
Sandip Saha,Dr.Harjit Singh,Dr.SanjeevSoni,andDr.S.Suresh, whoreviewed
various chapters of this monograph and provided their valuable suggestions for
improving the manuscripts. We acknowledge the support received from various
funding agencies and organizations for the successful conduct of the first ISEES
conference SEEC-2017, where these monographs germinated. These include
DepartmentofScienceandTechnology,GovernmentofIndia(specialthankstoDr.
Sanjay Bajpai); TSI, India (special thanks to Dr. Deepak Sharma); Tesscorn, India
(specialthanks to Sh. Satyanarayana); AVL India; Horiba, India; Springer (special
thanks to Swati Mehershi); CIAB (special thanks to Dr. Sangwan).
Thismonographisintendedforresearchersworkinginthefieldofsolarenergy,
and we hope that the book would be of great interest to the professionals and
postgraduate students involved in the study of solar thermal collectors, energy
Preface ix
storage systems (using phase change materials), and power generation using solar
energy. The main objective of this monograph is to promote a better and more
accurate understanding of the various applications of solar energy.
Rupnagar, India Himanshu Tyagi
Kanpur, India Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Jodhpur, India Prodyut R. Chakraborty
Mandi, India Satvasheel Powar
Contents
Part I General
Introduction to Applications of Solar Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Himanshu Tyagi, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Prodyut Ranjan Chakraborty
and Satvasheel Powar
DistributedPolygenerationUsingSolarEnergy:AFutureSustainable
Energy System for India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Avishek Ray and Sudipta De
Part II Heat Transfer Aspects of Solar Thermal Collectors
Effect of Reflector Absorptivity on Radiative Heat Exchange in Case
of Solar Receiver Collection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Santosh B. Bopche
Numerical Investigation of the Temperature Distribution of a Solar
Cavity Receiver Wall Using Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Suneet Kumar and Santosh B. Bopche
Part III Volumetric Solar Thermal Collectors
Direct Absorption Solar Thermal Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Vikrant Khullar, Harjit Singh and Himanshu Tyagi
Solar Thermal Energy: Use of Volumetric Absorption in Domestic
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Vishal Bhalla, Vikrant Khullar, Harjit Singh and Himanshu Tyagi
ThermalandMaterialsPerspectiveontheDesignofOpenVolumetric
Air Receiver for Process Heat Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Gurveer Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Ambesh Dixit and Laltu Chandra
xi