Applications of Chlorophyll Fluorescene in Photosynthesis Research, Stress Physiology, Hydrobiology and Remote Sensing: An introduction to the various fields of applications of the in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence also including the proceedings of the fir

355 Pages·1988·13.1 MB·English

by  G. Heinrich Krause

APPLICATIONS OF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE
Applications of
Chlorophyll Fluorescene
in Photosynthesis Research, Stress Physiology,
Hydrobiology and Remote Sensing
An introduction to the various fields of applications of the in vivo
chlorophyll fluorescence also including the proceedings of the first
International Chlorophyll Fluorescence Symposium held in the Physikzentrum,
Bad Honnej, F.R.C., 6-8 June 1988
edited by
HARTMUT K. LICHTENTHALER
Botanisches Institut
(Plant Physiology and Biochemistry),
University of Karlsruhe,
Karlsruhe, F.R.G.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Chiorophyll Fluorescence Symposium (1st: 1988 : Bad
Honnef, Germany)
App! icatlons of chlorophyl I fluorescence in photosynthesis
research. stress physiology, hydrobiology, and remote sensing!
ed,ted by Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler.
p. cm.
"An Introduction to the various fIelds of applications of the in
VIVO chlorophyl I fluorescence ... proceedings of the First
InternGtlOnal Chloroph,,11 Fluorescence SympoSium, held In the'
chysikzentrum. Bad HGnnef. F.R.G .• 6-8 June 1988."
Inc 1 Jdes ~ r;dexes.
i. Ch'orophyll--Ana'~sis--Congresses. 2. Fluorimetry--Congresses.
I. Llchter~t~31er. Hart~ut K. II. ~itle.
Or<898. C5:57 1988
53" . 19' 218--d c 19 88-25223
CIP
IBSN-13: 978-94-010-7771-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2823-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-2823-7
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates
the publishing programmes of
D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
All Rights Reserved
© 1988 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Soltcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1988
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Sponsor and organizer of the first International Chlorophyll
Fluorescence Symposium, Bad Honnef, June 1988.
Dr. Volker Schafer Prof. Dr. Hartmut Lichtenthaler
WE-Heraeus Foundation University of Karlsruhe
Hanau (F.R.G.)
The chairmen of the International Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Symposium held at Bad Honnef from June 6 to 8, 1988:
From left to right: R.J. Strasser, Geneve; H.R. Bolhar-Nordenkampf,
Vienna; D. Walker, Sheffield; A. Melis, Berkeley; Z. Sestak, Praha;
G. Bertolini, Ispra; W. Schmidt, Konstanz; H.K. Lichtenthaler,
Karlsruhe (Scientific Coordinator); G. Guyot, Montfavet; D. Ernst,
Hannover; V. Schafer, Hanau (Heraeus Foundation).
The participants of the first International Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Symposium in front of the Physikzentrum, Bad Honnef:
G. Bertolini, R. Blaich, H.R. Bolhar-Nordenkampf, C. Buschmann,
D. Ernst, G. Guyot, J. Harbinson, A.R. Holzwarth, L. Kocsanyi,
G.H. Krause, H. Laasch, E. Lehoczki, H.K. Lichtenthaler, H. Maske,
A. Melis, M. Methy, E. Nagel , E. Ogren, U. Rinderle, A. Rosema,
V. Schafer, W. Schmidt, G. Schmuck, H. Schneckenburger, U. Schreiber,
Z. Sestak, U. Sieber, D. Siefermann-Harms, P. Siffel, J. Snel,
S. Somersalo, R.J. Strasser, Z. Szigeti, M. Tevini, A.F. Theisen,
P.R. van Hasselt, O. van Kooten, D. Walker, E. Weis.
PREFACE
Thi s book is a general introduction into in vivo chlorophyll
fluorescence and contains the contributions of the first International
Ch 1o rophyll Fluorescence Sympos i urn he 1d in the Phys i kzentrum Bad Honnef,
F.R.G. from June 6 to 8, 1988. This Symposium was made possible by a
generous support from the Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Foundation, Hanau, which
is gratefully acknmvledged. The book not only comprises all aspects of the
applications of chlorophyll fluorescence in photosynthesis, stress physiol
ogy, hydrobiology and remote sensing, but also gives access to measuring
techni ques, data acqui si ti on and earl i er 1i terature references. Thus it is
far more than just a common proceedings book, it is a general introduction
to all forms of application of the non-destructive in vivo chlorophyll
fluorescence including the newest results.
In a first chapter the inverse correlation between in vivo chlorophyll
fl uorescence and photosynthet i c quantum convers i on and CO? -ass i mi 1a t ion is
outlined, the origin and life-time of the chlorophyll fluOrescence at room
and liquid nitrogen temperatures are given as well as the induction kinetics
(Kautsky effect) and the methodo 1o gi ca 1 approaches to regi ster different
forms of chlorophyll-fluorescence signatures.
In chapter 2 the applications of chlorophyll fluorescence in stress
physiology and stress detection of plants are pointed out, starting with a
general stress concept of plants and various examples of how short-term and
long-term stress effects (e.g. herbicides, water stress, mineral deficiency,
air pollutants) as well as regeneration of the plants' vitality and photo
synthesis when the stressor is removed, can be detected and quantified.
Chapter 3 deals with the application of chlorophyll fluorescence and
de 1a yed fl uorescence (1 umi nescence) in hydrobi 01 ogy, 1i mno logy and oceano
graphy including remote sensing of phytoplankton.
Chapter 4 contains the basic approach and theoretical considerations for
a future remote sensing and stress detection of terrestrial vegetation via
laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and also gives examples and models as
to how reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence can interfere with and com
plement each other.
In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence has hitherto found broad application in
photosynthesis research, stress physiology, hydrobiology and limnology as
well as in remote sensing of phytoplankton in oceanography. It will possibly
also be applied in the remote sensing and stress detection of terrestrial
vegetat ion, whi ch is the research topi c of severa 1 European 1a boratori es
which cooperate within the LASFLEUR programme (LAser-induced FLuorescence in
EURope) .
x
It is hoped that the Proceedings book of the first International Chlorophyll
Fluorescence Symposium "Applications of Chlorophyll Fluorescence", which
medi ates between di fferent research fi e 1d s, wi 11 be a useful starting help
for colleagues and graduate students who are not yet in the field as well as
for the active researcher in planning new experiments. The book may help not
only to avoid major mistakes and measuring artefacts but also to interpret
the measured chlorophyll fluorescence signatures in the right way and find
access to the application of newer techniques.
I wish to thank Dr. Volker Schafer, W. & E. Heraeus Foundation for good
cooperation and Ir. A.C. Plaizier, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht for
publishing the proceedings book, my colleagues for providing their newest
resu lts in time, my coworkers and graduate students of the Botani sches
Institut Karlsruhe for assistance and last but not least my wife Regine for
her valuable aid in editing the book.
u~ k'.iJik.~
Karlsruhe, June 1988 Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Scientific Coordinator of the
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Symposium
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. Applications in photosynthesis research
G.H. Krause and E. Weis. The photosynthetic apparatus and chloro-
phyll fluorescence: an introduction .......................•.... 3
O. Walker. Some aspects of the relationship between chlorophyll a
fluorescence and photosynthetic carbon assimilation ............ 13
A.R. Holzwarth. Time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence. What kind
of information on photosynthetic systems does it provide?...... 21
A. Melis, G.E. Guenther, P.J. Morrissey and M.L. Ghirardi. Photo-
system II heterogeneity in chloroplasts ........................ 33
O. Siefermann-Harms. Fluorescence properties of isolated
chlorophyll-protein complexes .................................. 45
v v ,
L.P. Siffel and Z. Sestak. Low temperature fluorescence spectra of
chloroplasts: methodical aspects and possible applications...... 55
U. Schreiber, C. Neubauer and C. Klughammer. New ways of assessing
photosynthetic activity with a pulse modulation
fl uorometer ................................................... 63
E. Weis. Steady state photosynthesis in intact plants as analyzed
by chlorophyll fluorescence and far-red spectroscopy......... 71
C. Buschmann and H.K. Lichtenthaler. Complete fluorescence emission
spectra determined during the induction kinetic using a diode-
array detector ................................................. 77
Z. Sestak and P. Siffel. Changes in chloroplast fluorescence during
1e af deve 1o pment ............................................... 85
J. Snel. Measurement and analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in
plants using modulated actinic illumination .................... 93
L. Kocsanyi, M. Haitz and H.K. Lichtenthaler. Measurement of the
laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics using a fast
acoustooptic device............................................ 99
Z. Szigeti, E. Palos, E. Lehoczki. Fluorescence properties of
paraquat resistant Conyza leaves................................ 109
E. Lehoczki and Z. Szigeti. Characterization of paraquat resistant
Conyza leaves through delayed fluorescence .................... 115
P. van Hasselt. Temperature dependence of in vivo chlorophyll
fluorescence as effected by DCMU .................•............ 121
CHAPTER 2. Applications in stress physiology and environmental
research
H.K. Lichtenthaler. In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for
stress detection in plants .................................... 129
H.K. Lichtenthaler and U. Rinderle. Chlorophyll fluorescence
signatures as vitality indicator in forest decline research..... 143
U. Schreiber, W. Bilger, C. Klughammer and C. Neubauer. Application
of the PAM fluorometer in stress detection ..................... 151
S. Somersalo and G.H. Krause. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence
related to photoinhibition of photosynthesis and cold
acclimation of green plants .................................... 157
E. Ogren and G. Oquist. Screening for photoinhibition of photosyn-
thesis in the field using a portable fluorimeter ............... 165
H.R. Bolhar-Nordenkampf and E. Lechner. Winter stress and chloro-
phyll fluorescence in Norway spruce .........•................. 173
R.J. Strasser, B. Schwarz and P.Eggenberg. Fluorescence routine tests t<
to describe the behaviour of a plant in its environment......... 181
U. Rinderle and H.K. Lichtenthaler. The chlorophyll fluorescence
ratio F690/F735 as a possible stress indicator ................. 189
A.F. Theisen. Fluorescence changes in a drying maple leaf observed
in the visible and near-infrared ............................... 197
O. van Kooten, B. van Hove and K.J. van Wijk. The effect of long
term exposition of poplars to low concentrations of S02 and
NH3 ............................................................ 203
W. Schmidt. Luminescence of organic molecules, Theory and analytical
applications in photosynthesis ................................. 211
W. Schmidt. Long term delayed luminescence in green organisms 217
R. Blaich. Early detection of damage conditions in plants by
delayed chlorophyll fluorescence ............................... 223
M. Tevini, P. Grusemann and G. Fieser. Assessment of UV-B stress
by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis ........................... 229
E. Nagel and H.K. Lichtenthaler. Comparison of photoacoustic and
chlorophyll fluorescence signatures of green leaves ............ 239
M. Haitz and H.K. Lichtenthaler. The measurement of Rfd-values
as plant vitality indices with the portable field fluorometer
and the PAM-fl uorometer ........................................ 249