Apollo Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Hardware Overview

60 Pages·2009·1.67 MB·English

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090016290 2018-01-30T20:32:13+00:00Z
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• TTeerrmmiinnoollooggyy ffaammiilliiaarriizzaattiioonn
• Top-level organization of the GNC system
• CCaveatts
– Terminology not always consistent between
variious organiizattiions ((PProgram OOffffiice, FFlliighhtt
Ops, North American, Grumman, MIT, TRW)
– PPriime conttracttor ttermiinollogy ((NNortthh
American, Grumman) used here
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• Review of basic GNC concepts
• Command and Service Module (CSM)/Lunar Module
(LM) GNC organization
• Primaryy Guidance, Naviggation, and Control ((PGNCS))
(mostly common to CSM and LM)
• CSM Stabilization and Control System (SCS) and other
CSM-specific hardware
• LM Abort Guidance System (AGS), Control Electronics
System (CES), and other LM-specific hardware
• Other common hardware
• Summary
• References
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• Navigation: “Where am I?”
Sensors
– IInnppuuttss:: sseennssoorr mmeeaassuurreemmeennttss
– Outputs: vehicle state vector
Measurements
(position & velocity at a given
time)
Naviggation
State Vector
RReevviieeww ooff BBaassiicc GGNNCC CCoonncceeppttss
• Navigation: “Where am I?”
Sensors
– IInnppuuttss:: sseennssoorr mmeeaassuurreemmeennttss
– Outputs: vehicle state vector
Measurements
(position & velocity at a given
time)
Naviggation
• GGuuiiddaannccee:: “WWhheerree aamm II ggooiinngg??”
– Inputs: state vector from
navigation State Vector
– Outputs: required change in
Guidance
velocity, required attitude (for
poweredd fflliighhtt))
ΔV, attitude cmds
RReevviieeww ooff BBaassiicc GGNNCC CCoonncceeppttss
• Navigation: “Where am I?”
Sensors
– IInnppuuttss:: sseennssoorr mmeeaassuurreemmeennttss
– Outputs: vehicle state vector
Measurements
(position & velocity at a given
time)
Naviggation
• GGuuiiddaannccee:: “WWhheerree aamm II ggooiinngg??”
– Inputs: state vector from
navigation State Vector
– Outputs: required change in
Guidance
velocity, required attitude (for
poweredd fflliighhtt))
• Control: “How do I get there?”
ΔV, attitude cmds
– Inputs: required change in velocity
and/or attitude Control
– OOuuttppuuttss:: ccoommmmaannddss ttoo fflliigghhtt
control effectors (Reaction Control
Propulsion/gimbal cmds
System (RCS) thrusters, engine
gimbals, etc)
Effectors
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• Primary Guidance,
Crew PGNCS
NNaviigattiion, andd CConttroll
System (PGNCS)
– All guidance and navigation
ffuunnccttiioonnss
– Primary control functions
– Takeover capability for SCS
Saturn S-IVB stagge
CSM S-IVB
Propulsion
CCoommmmaanndd && SSeerrvviiccee MMoodduullee ((CCSSMM)) GGNNCC
OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn
• Primary Guidance,
Crew PGNCS
NNaviigattiion, andd CConttroll
System (PGNCS)
– All guidance and navigation
ffuunnccttiioonnss
– Primary control functions
– Takeover capability for SCS
Saturn S-IVB stagge
• Stabilization and Control
System (SCS)
– Backup control functions
– Crew displays and manual
CSM S-IVB
controls
Propulsion
– Interface between PGNCS
aanndd pprrooppuullssiioonn ssyysstteemm
LLuunnaarr MMoodduullee ((LLMM)) GGNNCC OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn
• Primary Guidance and Navigation
Crew
SSeeccttiioonn ((PPGGNNSS))
– Primary guidance, navigation, and
control functions
PGNS AGS
CES
LM Propulsion
LLuunnaarr MMoodduullee ((LLMM)) GGNNCC OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn
• Primary Guidance and Navigation
Crew
SSeeccttiioonn ((PPGGNNSS))
– Primary guidance, navigation, and
control functions
• Abort Guidance Section (AGS)
–– BBaacckkuupp gguuiiddaannccee aanndd
PGNS AGS
(rudimentary) navigation functions
for lunar descent aborts, powered
ascent, and rendezvous with CSM
CES
LM Propulsion