ant 010.051 - Eric

181 Pages·2007·4.83 MB·English

Documprr RESUME
.
-
ant
ED 212 296;.-
010.051
AUTHOR:
Markey, Karen; Cochrane, Pauline A.
TITLE
Online Training and Practice Manual,for ERIC Data
Base Searchers; 2nd Edition.
INSTITUTION
ERICClearinghoilse on Information Resources,
'Syracuse, N.Y.
.
.
SPONS AGENCY-a
Nati nal Inst. of Education (0),
Washington,:D.C.
-PUB DATE
Oct
1
-
CONT4ACT
400- 7-0015
4
1
.
-NOTE.
181p.; For related document, see ED 160 109.
AVAILABLE FROM
InfoeMation Resource's Publications,. 130 Hun 'Idgton
Nall, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13
0
($8.50).
,
.1
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC08 Plus Pottage.
DESCRIPTORS
*Databases; Independent Study; *Information
Retrieval; Library Education; Models; *Online
Systems; *Relevance (Information Retrieval); *Search
Strategiesv-StulAy Guides
IDENTIFIERS
DIALOG; *ERIC
'=-*
ABSTRACT
Revised to reflect changes in both DIALOG and ERIC,
this. second edition of a self-improvement manualfor online searchers
who wish to refine their skills presents three baiic approaches to
searching and provides illustrations from DIALOG's ERIC ONTAP
database. The :manual is divided into two parts: an8-step model of
the total.seakch process which emphasizes the effects of the
searcher's decisions on retrieval results and search objectives, and
an introduction to DIALOG's ERIC ONTAP file followed by 16'
telf-improvement exercises be:RW.4)n search topics stored in the
database; six of these exercises are on different topics from the
.
original edition. The ONTAP file is a subset of the ERIC file
consisting of RIZ and CIA citations for 1975, and 29 simple,
moderate, and difficult search questions_ with answer. sets. The
database'hes been updated for use with the 1980 editien.of.the
-
Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors. The appendices include 10 "search"
save" formulations of common search facets and a comprehensive guide'
zRrc
to the
databak!: (BEM)
**********************A***********************************************
*
ReprOductionlisupplied by *DRS
*
are the best that can be made
*
from the original document.
*
.
4**********************************************************************
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.
ONLINE TRAINUMW
AND PRACTICE'
MANUAL FOR
DATA BABE"
SEARCHERS
KAREN MARKEY Ii143
PifiLILINE A. COCHRANE
BASED ON THE 'EARLIER UNPUBLISHED WORK OF
CHARLES P. BOURNE, BARBARA ANDERSON,
AND JO ROBINSON
,
2nd edition
ERIC CLEARINGHOUSE ON INFORMATION RESOURCES
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
,OCTOBER 1981
,
.
.
at
is a Research
Raren
Markey
Scipntist
OCLC, Ind., Dublin, Ohio.
.
School
Pauline A. COchrine is a Professor in the
-of Information Studies,
-Syracuse
Syraculit -New Yock
University
,
4e
This publication was prepared with fUnding from the National
Institute of Education, U.S. Departm'ent of Education, under con-
tract no NIE-40047-0013. The opinions expreised in this report
do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of Nit. or ED.
v
.
r
(
PREFACE
--
4
-
144
THE PtOCESS OF ONLINE SEARCHING
-(SECTION- I:
Introduction
to the Steps'andlunctioniiof. Online Searching
3
Defining the Information Need and
Step. I.
arch Objectives
6"
Identifying Relevant Data Bases
. : .
._ _ _
.
Step 3.
Formulating Basic.Search LogicPlanning.
Ea
Search Strategies.
10
Step 4:
Compiling the Search Terme
22
\Step-5.
Ordering Output.'
24
.
Step 6.
Conceptualizing the Search as Inp
to the
Retrieval System
. _ .. 0000 -.
26
.
..
..,
%
.
..1-"i
.
000
oo
Evaluating Preliminary .Results
Stet) 7.
36
.
..
Step 8.
Evaluating Final Results
37
SECTION II
ERIC ONTAP EXERCISES
FOR SELP-IMPROVEMENT
'OF ONLINE. SEARCHING
39
IntrOduotion to DIALOG's ERIC ONTAP
9
Sample Search Topic.
Parapsychology
4'
Search Topic 1.'
Title IX and Women's
Sports
50
TopiC 2.
Search
4 -H Clubs
511
topic 3.
'SeerCh
16 Personality Factor Test
Search
Topic 4.
Primary SChool Reading Prt.4rams
63
,
.
Search Topic 5%
School Busing
71'.
Search Topic.6.
tenguage,Textbooks
75"
Search Topic 7.
.A.ACit Revision
78
...
o
ft
Search Topic 8.
Drug Abuse
.
81,
O
85 -
Search Topic
ilOcational laucation'
9.
_
Siarch Topic P.
Piaget .
.
.
.
.
,,,'
-Charginiforjibrary Services
94
-Search Topic; .l1.
...
i
',,,
White
97
light to theiSuburbs
Search topic_12.,
-
Search Topid 13..
Federal'Aid-to Day Care- Centers
99
102-
Education'iii .Sri..Lankt
14.
6
_Search Topic_15.
Aids for
Library.Orientation
105
. .
1p9
Search"Topic '16.
Management Training
,
_ ,
......... OOOOOOOO
t
4
Col ion' Search Facets/Search Save
113
O
.Formulations
SeirchFacit
Primaiy BducatiOn
,116
1.
,
.6
2.
'Eleleniery-EAucation
Search_,
117
4
.Search Facet
Secondary Education
3.
,
.
Search,Facet
Childien
4.
121
..
k
3.
Search
Facet
..
American
.
123
,
_
'Search
Audiovisual Aids
6.
-Facet'
=124,
Facet
'_Seardb
7.
Evaluatiotv (High Recall)
129
.
. .
.
Search Facet
8.
Evaluation (High Predision)
132
Search Facet
9.
Mentally. Neurological-4, and Emotionilly
,
Handicapped...
135'
11)0,
Search Facet'IO.
Preschool
130
,
4
Guide to DIALObis ERIC Data Base
' OO OOO
'141
.
,
'
4,
INDEX. ..
.....
. ........
. .
. ....
.
I
:.
175.
.
;
-4.4.4.444-:
.
As mor4( and :sore online searchers gain experience, there Appears
to be
e need for online and -offline aids, to -support
searchers
through
the
.
stage`
Wtraininvand practice.
"imiprover"
Fei-exaniples serving thit-pur,
.;
0-
, e '
0
posecan'be-_ICund in the literature, but we learned-of-A project *,in this
area in, early. 1977.
At the_ suggestion of, and with the encouragement.and
..
,
Information
.
suO0Ort_of-Oscar7FiiiChein at Lockheed
Systems, Charles Bourne
---1-7-ind-Aie--dolleagues-,at- the Institute ler Library Research :MO-at
the Uni=
_VerSiti of California', Berkeley,
were developing a special ERIC /DIALOG file
:practice.
'or: online
training-end
This :file wap being specially designed
.
"to allow online searchers to compare their search results- with" theresdlts
of,a'!'perfect search.", The Berkilei_group developed, "answer sets" for
some
20 search.requetta by exhiusiively searching a the of ERIC 1975 citations
for'relevant:bits. ,The, coipasite results of all their search strategies
for each2question,became the "perfect
answer set."
For -each learch"topic,
.
.thq, offered:Ikeveral representative formulations to meet different
search
objectives (e.g.:;'high-recallt high precision, Or low cost).
:
,;,
_
,Oscar- Firschein arranged to have 1975 ERIC.accessio
and the 29
.
,..,-
answer
sets ioaded_on the DIALOG
Seirch"queitioni-s'Xith-: their
ystem.- He
. .
developed"
and iipletented.the /EVAL cdmmend.on-the DI
.
This,
s_ ystem.
.
automatically cOmputei e-,riCall;'-and-recisiOn
score for.
y/ searcher's
.effort
:effort con.- fhe oNTAPTK questions by Compering the searcher's results with:
_
-the;"perfect.i..answer.set. ft
A draft report was prepared by, the ILR
group to .document their work,
but
i'i -could not be published before
In late 1977-'4t
they-, left ILR.
ERIC/IR,' we decided: to work from their draft, with their permission, and
develop,an."iiproVer's" manuelifccr. searching the ONTAP database online.
purpose .of
The
publication is
to: pain beginning
this
neither
.
searchers lmor to o-provide an orientation .to computer-based searching of
ERIC. Other publication4 already perform these functions quite admirably.'
.
,
,
10
.
/
1
-
..
Atherton, Pauline and others.
Online Searching.of ERIC.
SyrecusereNY:
on
.ERIC/Clearinghouse Information
Resources,
ED
1979.
431
180
(235p.),.ED 180 432.(41p.)
Bourne, Charles,
P. and!othets. Ameliiis. of ERIC., On -line File 'Searching.
Procedures and Guidelines for Searching.
Final Report.
Berkeley, CA:
,University of California,
Institute of Library Research,
and
Palo
0446, -CM'
LockheeclResearch..,Liboratories, Nov.' 1974.
ED 101
757
(156p.).
-.
,
-
d,
-
Bourne"Charles P.
DIALOG Lab
Palo Alto, CA:
.3rd Edition.
tiorkbook.
Lockheed'Research Laboratories, 1981.
1
"v.
; 'f
,-
.
;
,
=
1-
It
.- le;
1
,
.
,
.,
..,,
, , ,
. .
-
. c
-
_
.
-
.
..
'
-
.
-"--,-,-Our objective has,be0m-to develop the Bourne,' RoSmson and Anderson
!------
. .,
=- -drife-rePoit into **manual that the experienced seircher_mut-ose-fOr *ell
;
-improvement.
In the first Sectiont aieidel-of-the total search process is
discussed
information
decisions
in Oider_tw.-empfiasiti--how the
of
the
jptOfessional-:Iffiat retrieval fehulta and search objectives at `each step of
the process.
The second section begins with 'an introduction to DIALOG's
.
....---
improvement
which
followed,: by Nielf
exercises.
is
ONTAFC- file '''(201)-t
exercise
it
selected -from the questions-stored
the ONTAF-file.
The :first
,,-,
...;
_pfevides an in-depth explanation of the ONTiO'lile aa'-directions-fro*-the-
,-,..ONTAFIiie,-the EVAL,4Palikility, and_selet4mg_self4iprovement exercises
-tro-diii0ased in detail.
Within a self-learninkenvitopment, the searcher
-
-,..
....
,'-is-eicouraged to analyze 'and tomparehis/fier,search objectives .and output
With that of
s
other searchers. is s/he proceeds with.the exercises.
4
!
--
,_;.._____.:-;,,-
:t
We have_heen _heartened-by-the -reception of,the'first edition of this
-,
manual since its 1978 publifition.
Since then the Isdentifier Clean-Up, the
FecabularyImprovement2Project, the pubficctionof.the 8th -edition of the
Thesaurds of ERIC Descriptors, and the,updatihgland reloading online of the
on
ERIC,database,:Arave-.*ecescitatid-the revision. of-ERIC ONTAP (File 201,
DIALOG) and this manual':
---
: -
-
.-
-
4,-
As an aid to-all:ERIC online searchers, we have included in the'appen-
-----
dix several search saves,' for population level and 'tool concepts when these
are not easily,:handled° by the -DIALOG SuperSELECT- features because of
vocabulary, problems.
:These ban be .itccissed and exchanged between DIALOG'
,workCpices 'brains the -pkocedures "exptained in the introduction to the
..
: cippeildix."
_
--.
.
.
.
.
Comments 'about-this mapual-are-welcome and should be-ad4ressed to:
,
.
.
.
,
''- Pauline A. Cochrane
,
.:
ERIC/IR'
.
-
,
'
,
..
:Syracuse University-
,_
'
..
..
,
Syracuse, New York 13210.
..-
4
4
Clay, Katherine,
Timer
They
Are
ERIC
The
DIALOG:
on
1'Searching
Database-2,3(Sept. 1979):46 -67.
A'Changin'.."
George, Paulette Foss.:
."To Search or Not to Search."
Interchange (Aug.
1981):14-15.
2,
.
.
t
'
.
'.
,
Ilif
Meidow, Charles
ochrane 11Paaline A.. Basics of Online. Searchine:
and
T4
Witeyt 198.
New York:
i
.
.
,
.
A
Yarborough, Judith, How to Prepare for a' Computer Search .of
ERIC:
Non-TechniCal
on
Clearinghouse
Approach.
ERIC
Stanford,.
CA:
Information Resources, Sept. 1975.
ED 110 096 (44p.)
Yarborough, Judith,
"A Novice's'taide to ERIC - -The Data Base of Educe
tion."
Online 1,3(July; 1977):24-29.
2
7-
SE0001.4
I
OF ONLINE SEARCHING
-THE.PROCESS
1INTRODUCTICIIN-713 THET
STEPS
AND
.
ONLINIt SEARCHING
,Online <searching has been divided into eight' steps,'
each requiring
off-line
activities
in preparation
the online
for
activity.
As
the
searcher progresses from one step to the
next, s/he is faced, with decisions
which' affect the'succeeding steps.
,The following outline is accompanied by
an abstract of the functions peKformed during each
step, in the process of
online searching.,
'The'eight'steps are 4qaced in detail in
the sections
following the outline:
".
DEFINING THE INFORMATIONNEED
/01D SEARCH OBJECTIVE
IntervieWing the information
seeker clarifies
the request and determilies search objectives:
,
440
a)
retrieve all relevant it
ms (high recall), or
b)
'retriev
4ems
(high preciszon), or
c)
retrieve some relevant itelbs (Brief
search).
4
-
IDENTIFYING RELEVANT
DATA BASES
'
.
Determining which online database
to use first;
whichl9
etc.
lext
I..
.
m764
a s
4
FORMULATING BASWSEARCH LOGIC
.
PLANNING SEARCH STRATEGIES
Analyzing the search topic into facets or
concept groups.
paanning.appioaches to
search strategy for combining concepts
of the topic.
COMPILING THE SEARCH TERMS
Choosing descriptors from the ERIC Thesaurus or
Selecting terms
other printed word lists.
4n identifier fieId'and free text for
searching sulijecElconveying fields (title,
Using thesaurus and
abstract, etc.).
alphabetic word lists. online.
ORDERING OUTPUT
online).'
Limiting and printing output (offLine and
Selecting an approach to search strategy which
best satisfies the search objectives expressed
by the requestor.
114
I
9
4
J
.
r
v.
SEARCH AS INPUT
'
EVAL-SYSTEM
he
search terms into.contepts
or
.
es
nog most impOitint'and less
?
mportent concept grodps, vestricting
or '
limitingOutput.
S.
EVALUATING PRELIMINARY
RESULTS
'
Nt
I teviewing search results, step by step, and
considering-alterpate search strategies to
meet search objectifies (recycling steps 1 -6).
a
FINAL
SVALUAt I NG;
-
RESULTS
Determining tient satafAction with
search
results.--
Jr.
5.
A
161