Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page a A B O O K ePhilipE.Lilienthalimprint honorsspecialbooks incommemorationofamanwhosework attheUniversityofCaliforniaPress from1954to1979 wasmarkedbydedicationtoyoungauthors andtohighstandardsinthefieldofAsianStudies. Friends,family,authors,andfoundationshavetogether endowedtheLilienthalFund,whichenablesthePress topublishunderthisimprintselectedbooks inawaythatreflectsthetasteandjudgment ofagreatandbelovededitor. Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page b epublishergratefullyacknowledgesthegeneroussupport ofthePhilipE.LilienthalAsianStudiesEndowmentFund oftheUniversityofCaliforniaPressFoundation,which wasestablishedbyamajorgifromSallyLilienthal. Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page i Ancestral Leaves This page intentionally left blank Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page iii Ancestral Leaves A Family Journey through Chinese History Joseph W. Esherick UnivErSity OF CALiFOrniA PrESS Berkeley LosAngeles London Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page iv UniversityofCaliforniaPress,oneofthemostdistinguisheduniversity pressesintheUnitedStates,enricheslivesaroundtheworldbyadvancing scholarshipinthehumanities,socialsciences,andnaturalsciences.its activitiesaresupportedbytheUCPressFoundationandbyphilanthropic contributionsfromindividualsandinstitutions.Formoreinformation, visitwww.ucpress.edu. UniversityofCaliforniaPress BerkeleyandLosAngeles,California UniversityofCaliforniaPress,Ltd. London,England ©2011byeregentsoftheUniversityofCalifornia LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Esherick,Joseph. Ancestralleaves:afamilyjourneythroughChinesehistory/JosephW. Esherick. p. cm. includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-520-26699-5(cloth:alk.paper) isbn978-0-520-26700-8(pbk.:alk.paper) 1. yefamily. 2. China—Biography. 3. China—Genealogy. 4. China—History. i. title. CS1169.Y42 2011 929'.20951—dc22 2010024831 ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 isbookisprintedonCascadesEnviro100,a100%postconsumerwaste, recycled,de-inkedfiber.FSCrecycledcertifiedandprocessedchlorinefree. itisacidfree,Ecologocertified,andmanufacturedbyBioGasenergy. Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page v InmemoryofYeDuzhuang This page intentionally left blank Esherick, Ancestral Leaves 9/24/10 4:53 PM Page vii Contents ListofIllustrations ix Preface xi Part I. The Imperial Era 1. FleeingtheLongHairs 3 2. Familyroots 18 3. Father,Son,andFamily 36 4. rebellion 55 5. OfficialLifeintheLateQing 69 6. Atimeoftransitions 99 Part II. Republican China 7. DoingBusinessintianjin 117 8. GrowingUpintianjin 128 9. StudentLifeinthe1930s 148 10. War 182 Part III. The People’s Republic 11. FamilyLifeinnewChina 223 12. HundredFlowersandPoisonousWeeds 250 13. eCulturalrevolution 278 Epilogue:AertheDeluge 301 Notes 317 GlossaryofChineseTerms 357 SelectedYeFamilyBibliography 361 Index 363
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