Anarchism and Moral Philosophy PDF
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Anarchism and Moral Philosophy AlsobyBenjaminFranks REBELALLIANCES:TheMeansandEndsofContemporaryBritish Anarchisms Anarchism and Moral Philosophy Editedby Benjamin Franks UniversityofGlasgow,Dumfries,UK Matthew Wilson LoughboroughUniversity,UK Selectionandeditorialmatter©BenjaminFranksandMatthewWilson2010 Chapters©theirindividualauthors2010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-58066-4 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentified astheauthorsofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2010by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-36859-4 ISBN 978-0-230-28968-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230289680 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Contents NotesonContributors vii 1 Introduction:AnarchismandMoralPhilosophy 1 BenjaminFranks Part I PhilosophicalAnarchism 2 InDefenceofPhilosophicalAnarchism 13 PaulMcLaughlin 3 KickingAgainstthePricks:AnarchistPerfectionism andtheConditionsofIndependence 33 SamuelClark 4 AnarchistPhilosophy:Past,ProblemsandProspects 45 NathanJun Part II Anarchism,PropertyandAutonomy 5 Autonomy,TaxationandOwnership:AnAnarchist CritiqueofKant’sTheoryofProperty 69 KoryDeClark 6 TheEthicalFoundationsofProudhon’sRepublican Anarchism 86 AlexPrichard 7 FreedomPressed:Anarchism,LibertyandConflict 113 MatthewWilson Part III AlternativeAnarchistEthics 8 AnarchismandtheVirtues 135 BenjaminFranks 9 GreenAnarchy:DeepEcologyandPrimitivism 161 ElisaAaltola v vi Contents 10 Listening,Caring,Becoming:AnarchismasanEthicsof DirectRelationships 186 JamieHeckert 11 AWell-BeingOutofNihilism:OntheAffinitiesBetween NietzscheandAnarchistThought 208 JonesIrwin 12 ArePostanarchistsRighttoCallClassicalAnarchisms ‘Humanist’? 226 ThomasSwann Index 243 Notes on Contributors Elisa Aaltola has been a research fellow in philosophy for a number of years, both in Finland and the UK. She is currently a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Eastern Finland. The emphasis of her researchisonanimalandenvironmentalphilosophies. Samuel Clark is Lecturer in Philosophy at Lancaster University, and the author of Living Without Domination (2007), and of articles in jour- nals including Res Publica and Philosophy. He works on the nature and conditionsofhumanflourishing. Kory DeClark is a graduate student working in political philosophy at theUniversityofSouthernCalifornia. BenjaminFranksisLecturerofSocialandPoliticalPhilosophyatGlas- gow University, Dumfries. His work on anarchisms has appeared in Anarchist Studies, CapitalandClass andtheJournalofPoliticalIdeologies. He isthe authorof Rebel Alliances: The Means and Ends of Contemporary BritishAnarchisms(2006). Jamie Heckert holds a PhD in sociology from the University of Edin- burgh.HeistheeditorofaspecialissueofSexualitiesonanarchismand sexuality (2010). He is a contributor to a number of scholarly volumes onanarchisttheory,researchmethodologiesandintimaterelationships. HecurrentlylivesinPoole,England. JonesIrwincompletedhisPhDinphilosophyatUniversityofWarwick in 1998 and he has taught at University College Dublin, University of WarwickandUniversityofLimerick.Since2001,hehasbeenalecturer in philosophy at St. Patrick’s College, Dublin City University, where he is Co-Director of the MA in Human Development and Ed.D pro- grammes. He is also Visiting Fellow at University of Warwick, Centre forPhilosophy,LiteratureandtheArts,for2008–2010. Nathan Jun is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas (USA). He is co-editor (with Shane Wahl)ofNewPerspectivesonAnarchism(2009)and(withDanSmith)of DeleuzeandEthics(forthcoming). vii viii NotesonContributors PaulMcLaughlinisaresearchfellowintheDepartmentofPhilosophy, University of Tartu, Estonia. He is the author of Anarchism and Author- ity (2007) and Mikhail Bakunin: The Philosophical Basis of His Anarchism (2002). Alex Prichard is an ESRC Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Politics, University of Bristol. He gained his PhD from Loughborough University in 2008 and is founder and secretary of the Anarchist Stud- ies Network. He has published widely on anarchism and international relations.Heiscurrentlyworkingonamanuscriptontheinternational political theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and is co-editing a volume ontwentieth-centurylibertariansocialism. ThomasSwanniscurrentlyapostgraduatestudentatRadboudUniver- sity, Nijmegen, where he specialises in anarchist and socialist political philosophy. As a political activist, he is also involved in a number of left-wingcollectivesintheNetherlands. Matthew Wilson is currently completing his PhD at Loughborough University,whichexplorestheproblemsoffreedom,diversityandcon- flict in anarchist thought and practice. He is also involved in various forms of political activism, in particular, with the anarchist cycling collective,Bicycology. 1 Introduction: Anarchism and Moral Philosophy Benjamin Franks Alongsidethegrowthofavowedlyanarchistandanarchicallyinfluenced contemporarymovements,suchasanti-capitalistnetworks,radicalenvi- ronmentalist groups and grassroots community campaigns, there has beenrenewedacademicinterestinanarchistthoughtandpractice.Sig- nificant volumes have appeared discussing anarchism from a range of anthropological, sociological, historical and political theoretical per- spectives. However, instances of interest by philosophers have been muchrarerandoccurmoreintermittently,despitethescholarlystudies by George Crowder (1991), Paul McLaughlin (2002, 2007) and Samuel Clark(2007). This book has three main goals: The first goal is to expand on, and clarify, the distinctive interpretations of anarchism from different, and often rival, schools in order to initiate meaningful and productive dia- logue. The second goal is to bring in perspectives from contemporary activists into academia in order to contest the sterile division between the two. Either side of the academic/activist divide is replete with stereotypes.Academicsareviewedasover-privilegedobscurantistswho functiontojustify,andtherebymaintain,existingsocialdivisions,while activistsareirrationalhotheadswithlittleofinteresttosayfortheseri- ousscholar:thesecaricaturesof(andfrom)bothsidesaredamagingto dialogueandmeaningfuleffectiveaction. The third goal is to encourage further research into the relevance of anarchist approaches to contemporary philosophical fields of enquiry. Becauseofshortageofspacethereislittlediscussioninthisbookofthe applicabilityofanarchismtofieldssuchaspedagogyandfeministphi- losophy(areaswherethereareatleastsmallcanonsofexistingtexts)or medical and research ethics, aesthetics and jurisprudence (where there are,atpresent,significantlacunae). 1
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