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Bad to the Bone Full tang stainless steel blade with natural bone handle —now ONLY $79! The very best hunting knives possess a perfect balance of form and function. They’re carefully constructed from fine materials, but also have that little something extra to connect the owner with nature. If you’re on the hunt for a knife that combines impeccable craftsmanship EXCLUSIVE Huntsman Blade FREE with a sense of wonder, the $79 is the trophy you’re looking for. Stauer® 8x21 The blade is full tang, meaning it doesn’t stop at the handle but Compact extends to the length of the grip for the ultimate in strength. The Binoculars blade is made from 420 surgical steel, famed for its sharpness and its resistance to corrosion. -a $99 value- with purchase of The handle is made from genuine natural bone, and features Huntsman Blade decorative wood spacers and a hand-carved motif of two overlapping feathers— a reminder for you to respect and connect with the natural world. This fusion of substance and style can garner a high price tag out in the marketplace. In fact, we found full tang, stainless steel blades with bone handles in excess of $2,000. Well, that won’t cut it around here. We have mastered the hunt for the best deal, and in turn pass the spoils on to our customers. But we don’t stop there. While supplies last, we’ll include a pair of $99 8x21 power and compact binoculars a genuine leather sheath FREE when you purchase the What Stauer Clients Huntsman Blade . (cid:4)(cid:148)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:131)(cid:155)(cid:139)(cid:144)(cid:137)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:132)(cid:145)(cid:151)(cid:150)(cid:3) Your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. Our Knives Feel the knife in your hands, wear it (cid:204)(cid:204)(cid:204)(cid:204)(cid:204) on your hip, inspect the impeccable “This knife is beautiful!” craftsmanship. If you don’t feel like we cut you a fair deal, send it back within — J., La Crescent, MN 30 days for a complete refund of the (cid:204)(cid:204)(cid:204)(cid:204)(cid:204) item price. “The feel of this knife Limited Reserves. A deal like this won’t is unbelievable...this Huntsman last long. We have only 1120 is an incredibly fine Blades for this ad only. Don’t let this BONUS! Call today and instrument.” beauty slip through your fingers. Call today! you’ll also receive this genuine leather sheath! — H., Arvada, CO 1-800-333-2045 Your Insider Offer Code: HUK(cid:859)(cid:857)(cid:860)-01 You must use the insider offer code to get our special price. Rating of A+ Stauer ® 14101 Southcross Drive W., Ste 155, Dept. HUK(cid:24)(cid:22)(cid:25)-01(cid:1) www.stauer.com Burnsville, Minnesota 55337 Not shown *Discount is only for customers who use the offer code versus the actual size. listed original Stauer.com price. California residents please call 1-800-333-2045 regarding Proposition 65 regulations before purchasing this product. •12” overall length;(cid:3)(cid:858)(cid:3)(cid:893)(cid:932)(cid:924)(cid:499)(cid:3)(cid:149)(cid:150)(cid:131)(cid:139)(cid:144)(cid:142)(cid:135)(cid:149)(cid:149)(cid:3)(cid:149)(cid:150)(cid:135)(cid:135)(cid:142)(cid:3)(cid:136)(cid:151)(cid:142)(cid:142)(cid:3)(cid:150)(cid:131)(cid:144)(cid:137)(cid:3)(cid:132)(cid:142)(cid:131)(cid:134)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:520)(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:135)(cid:144)(cid:151)(cid:139)(cid:144)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:132)(cid:145)(cid:144)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:138)(cid:131)(cid:144)(cid:134)(cid:142)(cid:135)(cid:3) (cid:153)(cid:139)(cid:150)(cid:138)(cid:3)(cid:132)(cid:148)(cid:131)(cid:149)(cid:149)(cid:3)(cid:138)(cid:131)(cid:144)(cid:134)(cid:3)(cid:137)(cid:151)(cid:131)(cid:148)(cid:134)(cid:3)(cid:428)(cid:3)(cid:132)(cid:145)(cid:142)(cid:149)(cid:150)(cid:135)(cid:148)(cid:149)(cid:3)(cid:520)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:144)(cid:133)(cid:142)(cid:151)(cid:134)(cid:135)(cid:149)(cid:3)(cid:137)(cid:135)(cid:144)(cid:151)(cid:139)(cid:144)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:142)(cid:135)(cid:131)(cid:150)(cid:138)(cid:135)(cid:148)(cid:3)(cid:149)(cid:138)(cid:135)(cid:131)(cid:150)(cid:138) Afford the Extraordinary.® Stauer… ...like exploring the rugged battlegrounds of a past war, watching a skilled craftsperson at work and hearing riveting stories of the past. Travel back in time and explore the rich history of the Alabama Gulf Coast. GulfShores.com OrangeBeach.com 888-666-9252 Autumn 2022 22 Last Resort? The 20th Maine’s bayonet charge was Hollywood gold. But how much did it change Gettysburg’s outcome? By Tom Desjardin CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: EVERETT COLLECTION/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES; VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND CULTURE; VIRGINIA MILITARY 2 INSTITUTE ARCHIVES; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS; COVER: © DON TROIANI. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2022/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR Departments 6 LETTERS A photo myth debunked; more on Ben Grierson’s spectacular raid 10 GRAPESHOT! (cid:261)(cid:284)(cid:303)(cid:284)(cid:3)(cid:286)(cid:288)(cid:297)(cid:303)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:3)(cid:299)(cid:295)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:288)(cid:297)(cid:287)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:290)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:270)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:284)(cid:302)(cid:302)(cid:284)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:284)(cid:303)(cid:292)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:284)(cid:295)(cid:3)(cid:259)(cid:284)(cid:303)(cid:303)(cid:295)(cid:288)(cid:387)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:287) 14 LIFE & LIMB Hardtack wasn’t the only forgettable part of a soldier’s diet 16 DIFFERENCE MAKERS (cid:280)(cid:298)(cid:304)(cid:297)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:287)(cid:3)(cid:302)(cid:298)(cid:295)(cid:287)(cid:292)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:285)(cid:298)(cid:303)(cid:291)(cid:3)(cid:302)(cid:292)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:387)(cid:297)(cid:287)(cid:3)(cid:284)(cid:3)(cid:361)(cid:280)(cid:292)(cid:302)(cid:286)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:302)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:297)(cid:290)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:362) 20 FROM THE CROSSROADS Reputation redeemed—at a heart-rending cost 54 TRAILSIDE (cid:276)(cid:288)(cid:288)(cid:294)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:290)(cid:3)(cid:260)(cid:292)(cid:305)(cid:292)(cid:295)(cid:3)(cid:280)(cid:284)(cid:301)(cid:3)(cid:291)(cid:284)(cid:301)(cid:296)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:308)(cid:3)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:270)(cid:298)(cid:298)(cid:301)(cid:288)(cid:387)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:287)(cid:6)(cid:3)(cid:280)(cid:4)(cid:279)(cid:284)(cid:4) 58 5 QUESTIONS The 5th Massachusetts Cavalry’s imperfect legacy 60 REVIEWS (cid:280)(cid:284)(cid:301)(cid:3)(cid:284)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:299)(cid:301)(cid:298)(cid:387)(cid:303)(cid:3)(cid:305)(cid:288)(cid:297)(cid:303)(cid:304)(cid:301)(cid:288)(cid:7)(cid:3)Alabama-Kearsarge clash under the microscope 64 FINAL BIVOUAC This Union trooper happened to love the South 30 Who Are They? The secrets behind photos found on fallen soldiers remain unsolved By John Banks 38 ‘Mowed Down Like Grass’ (cid:272)(cid:305)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:295)(cid:298)(cid:298)(cid:294)(cid:288)(cid:287)(cid:3)(cid:279)(cid:270)(cid:266)(cid:3)(cid:286)(cid:284)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:303)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:291)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:299)(cid:3)(cid:306)(cid:301)(cid:288)(cid:286)(cid:294)(cid:3)(cid:284)(cid:3)(cid:278)(cid:297)(cid:292)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:3) cavalry charge at New Market (cid:259)(cid:308)(cid:3)(cid:260)(cid:291)(cid:301)(cid:292)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:268)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:265)(cid:298)(cid:306)(cid:295)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:287) 46 Rebel Beacon The Atlanta Daily Intelligencer played a vital dual role in the war By Stephen Davis and Bill Hendrick ON THE COVER: LIEUTENANT ROBERT H. WICKER OF THE 15TH ALABAMA, A SWORD PRESSED AGAINST HIS CHEST, SURRENDERS TO COLONEL JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN AT THE BASE OF LITTLE ROUND TOP DURING THE 20TH MAINE’S LEGENDARY BAYONET CHARGE 3 ON GETTYSBURG’S SECOND DAY OF FIGHTING. CHAMBERLAIN LATER RECEIVED THE MEDAL OF HONOR FOR HIS ACTIONS. AUTUMN 2022 Michael A. Reinstein Chairman & Publisher CELEBRATING 35 YEARS AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR Vol. 35, No. 3 Autumn 2022 ONLINE HISTORYNET.com/ Chris K. Howland Editor AMERICAS-CIVIL-WAR Jerry Morelock Senior Editor Sarah Richardson Senior Editor CHAMBERLAIN AND ME Brian Walker Group Design Director Tom Desjardin provides an exclusive Melissa A. Winn Director of Photography look at his experiences working with Austin Stahl Associate Design Director actor Jeff Daniels, who portrayed Joshua Chamberlain in the movies Dana B. Shoaf Managing Editor, Print Gettysburg and Gods and Generals. Michael Y. Park Managing Editor, Digital historynet.com/chamberlainandme Claire Barrett News and Social Editor CALL OF DUTY Guarding Clement Vallandigham, ADVISORY BOARD the notorious Copperhead whom Gordon Berg, Jim Burgess, Steve Davis, Richard H. Holloway, D. Scott Hartwig, Larry Abraham Lincoln banished to the Hewitt, John Hoptak, Robert K. Krick, Ethan S. Rafuse, Ron Soodalter, Tim Rowland South in 1864, proved remarkable for a few Confederate soldiers. CORPORATE historynet.com/operationcopperhead Kelly Facer SVP Revenue Operations HISTORYNET UPGRADE Matt Gross VP Digital Initiatives If you haven’t visited our newly Rob Wilkins Director of Partnership Marketing redesigned website yet, you’re Jamie Elliott Production Director missing out! Completely revamped, ADVERTISING it is easier to use, updated daily, and loaded with special features and Morton Greenberg SVP Advertising Sales [email protected] digital content just for you. 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Box 900, Lincolnshire, IL 60069-0900 O GO DIGITAL Canada Publications Mail Agreement No. 41342519 Canadian GST No. 821371408RT0001 OT H America’s Civil War is available The contents of this magazine may not be reproduced in whole K P C on Zinio, Kindle, and Nook. or in part without the written consent of HISTORYNET, LLC. STO Y M PROUDLY MADE IN THE USA LA A A complete America’s Civil War index is X/ U L available at historymagazinearticles.com RE U T C PI 4 AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR (cid:40)(cid:43)(cid:61)(cid:44)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:48)(cid:58)(cid:44)(cid:52)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:59) Make your home more comfortable than ever “To you, it’s the perfect lift chair. To me, it’s the best sleep chair I’ve ever had.” — J. Fitzgerald, VA NOW Three Chairs available in plush in One and durable BrisaTM Sleep/Recline/Lift (Saddle color pictured) ACCREDITED + BUSINESS A You can’t always lie down in bed and pain. The overstuffed, oversized biscuit style back sleep. 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Even Gardner’s sword shown in the CDV is significant, as it was returned to him immediately after he surrendered it to Union Brig. Gen. George Leonard Andrews when Port Hudson fell. Gard- ner’s slim, almost gaunt figure demon- strates the hardships all of the garrison endured due to their severe lack of food during the siege. Other photographs of Gardner taken at a later date show the same man as the two indicated but with a fuller beard and mustache. I hope this look at the images clears dopPelganger up any misconceptions concerning General Gardner’s images. The search for a confirmed image of Maj. Gen. I read the March issue with much online misindentification. Richard B. Garnett must continue. enjoyment. My favorites were the arti- However, there is a new CDV of Edward Windsor cle on Shiloh from an Ohio officer’s Gardner in the Louisiana Digital Corinth, Miss. perspective and the cover story about Library collection. This photo shows Accomplished Brothers Grierson’s Raid through Mississippi. the general standing next to a table. If I did note, however, an inaccuracy on a you look closely at the table, you will I read with great pleasure Richard H. photo identification in the article titled see it is the same cap with the light Holloway’s article on Henry Forbes and “Macabre Trophies” by John Banks. The colored band that he is wearing in the Company B, 7th Illinois Cavalry, as photograph in question was one of disputed photo. You can also see this is part of Grierson’s Raid through Missis- Maj. Gen. Franklin Kitchell Gardner on the exact same person in the other sippi in April 1863. The troopers in P. 50, but, according to the caption, photo incorrectly identified as Garnett. Company B split off the main body as a there is new research suggesting it is Also, printed on the front of the picture diversion and were successful in their actually a photograph of Confederate is the following statement: own right. Grierson’s Raid was proba- Brig. Gen. Richard B. Garnett. bly one of the Union Army’s most spec- I recall seeing this argument before, Entered according to act of Con- tacular feats, so much so that even the so I looked through my back issues of gress, in the Clerk’s office of the Confederate press praised it. RY A R your magazine until I located a 2009 U.S.D.C., Eastern District of Loui- The men of Company B were from LIB L A letter to the editor from a gentleman siana, by T. Lilienthal, 15th Sep- the hill country of northwestern Illinois GIT DI who compared the same Gardner like- tember, 1863. where we lived for a lot of years. Henry A N A SI ness along with two other images—one and his younger brother, Stephen, were UI O L of Garnett’s relative and a later picture This date and place, as well as the from a family farm in the southeast Y; A W O of Gardner. photographer himself, all indicate this part of Freeport, not too far from where L L O H I have found another CDV of Gard- image is of Gardner. Theodore Lilien- the Walmart is today. Their father died H. D R ner that definitely answers all of the thal began his career taking photos in when they were young, so Henry, as A H C questions on the comparisons. The New Orleans shortly after his arrival in the oldest son, inherited the farm. It is F RI O Y argument for it being an image of Gar- 1853. The date the photo was certified presumed that he went back to work S E T R nett is simply based on an apparent coincides with the period coming not that land after he war, although I am OU C 6 AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR LETTERS unaware of any documentation. His unit was also split off as a diversion depot at St. Inigoes. This memorial is Henry’s letter, which is the basis of to convince the Confederates that the reputedly the smallest of all U.S. mili- Holloway’s article, is good. Stephen raid had ended. From that point, all of tary memorials or cemeteries. Forbes, Henry’s younger brother, wrote the troops and all of the commanders Annually on or about November 11 his own account of their exploits which in the raid—up to and including the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil is still available. In my opinion, Dee Ulysses S. Grant—were from Illinois. War, Sgt. James H. Harris Camp #38 Brown’s book on the raid is excellent. Hatch, after the war, commanded the conduct a memorial ceremony at the Unfortunately, it is out of print, though 9th U.S. Cavalry, another Buffalo Sol- gravesite. [Harris was one of two coun- still available as an e-book. dier unit. This one operated in the tian USCT soldiers awarded the Medal Stephen Forbes had a most interest- Colorado area. of Honor, as noted in your piece.] ing career. Like most of Company B, he To give some indication of the char- enlisted in the Union Army at Cedar- acter of the raid, the troopers took great ville, Ill., at the age of 19. He was taken care to avoid civilian casualties, and to prisoner at Corinth, Miss., but released avoid damaging civilian property. In after four months. one instance, the fires they started to After the war, Stephen earned a PhD destroy Confederate supplies spread to in Natural Science from Indiana Uni- some buildings in the town they were versity. Eventually, he became a pro- in. The Union troopers worked with fessor of Natural Science at the Confederate locals to put out these University of Illinois. While there, he collateral fires. published more than 100 papers and I encourage your readers to further books, did two very significant research study Grierson’s Raid. They will be projects, and became head of an orga- amazed. nization that was a precursor of the James A. Ketzel Illinois Department of Natural Panama City, Fla. Resources, among other accomplish- Overlooked Tragedy ments. He is recognized as one of the first scientists to describe an ecological How pleasantly surprised was I to find system and is considered one of the a beautiful three-page focus on Mary- founders of ecology. Among the many land’s St. Mary’s County in your March awards he received, both domestic and issue’s “Trailside.” Thank you for this foreign, he has an Illinois state park look at our rich historical area. You named after him. Not bad for an Illinois really bring home attention to some of USS Tulip memorial farmboy and Civil War veteran. the less-reported but vital action that A couple of sidebars: occurred along the Potomac River. Ben Grierson was born in Pittsburgh I recognize the constraints publica- Because St. Mary’s County hosts one of and raised in Youngstown, Ohio. As an tions have on length of articles, but I the largest Veterans Day parades in adult, he moved to Jacksonville, Ill., would like to call to your attention to a Maryland, the commemoration is rec- where he became a close friend of couple of other sites that Civil War visi- ognized on a proximate date. Abraham Lincoln and wrote his cam- tors should explore in Maryland’s According to Harris Camp Past paign songs for the 1860 election. “Mother County.” Commander Wesley Mumper, Tulip When Grierson was 8, he was kicked Primary among them is the memo- had departed the St. Inigoes depot ear- in the head by a horse. From then on, rial to the lost sailors of the USS Tulip, lier that day but had not gone far he hated horses and was afraid of killed on November 11, 1864, when their upstream before its boiler, pressed them. Of course, the Army made him ship’s boiler blew up as they sailed to beyond capacity, exploded. one of their best horse cavalry officers Washington’s Navy Yard for repairs to, Also of note is the wharf at Chaptico, and he was handed a career as a cav- you guessed it, the boiler. Apparently, which has connections to the Francis alry officer. In any case, when he was Tulip’s captain ignored orders to pro- Scott Key family. And the Old County commanding the 10th U.S. Cavalry ceed at low power, perhaps out of fear Jail, which you pictured, has a com- E SK postwar, the Army offered him the of being a sitting duck for Confederate memorative plaque noting the lynching N A M S opportunity to transfer to a White sol- gunners on the Virginia shore. Of 57 of a young Black man. This plaque was U N G diers’ unit three times. He refused. crew members, 49 lost their lives. Some dedicated on Emancipation Day 2021. A M BY Edward Hatch commanded the 2nd of the recovered bodies are interred at Karl K. Pence O T HO Iowa Cavalry as part of Grierson’s Raid. the site of the Potomac River supply Hollywood, Md. P 7 AUTUMN 2022 LETTERS Truthseeker Blame to Go Around: Jeb Stuart’s Regarding the artice “An Enduring Controversial Ride to Gettysburg. Myth” by D. Scott Hartwig in the Also, valuable information can be March 2022 issue (“From the Cross- found in Kent Masterson Brown’s roads,” P. 20), I agree with him about Retreat From Gettysburg. He the endurance of the Gettysburg explains why Lee entered Pennsyl- myths. vania. Even if the rangers and It makes me wonder if park rang- guides read these books, would they ers and battlefield guides are for- be allowed to change the narrative? bidden to tell the truth about Maj. I no longer YouTube Gettysburg Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The narrative is Battlefield walks; it’s just too always that Robert E. Lee was frustrating. “blind” and Stuart was “late.” Even Your magazine is full of informa- the Stuart reenactor goes along with tion and articles that fascinate and that narrative. I saw a video of him enlighten me. south of the Mason-Dixon Line and Irene Mack he told the audience that “you can’t Shillington, Pa. FIRST be late to some place you weren’t told to go.” He then explained Stu- WRITE TO US art’s actions. I doubt if he’s allowed Send letters to to do that in Gettysburg. America’s Civil War, MONDAYS Letters Editor, Historynet, Thanks to Eric Wittenberg and 901 North Glebe Road, 5th Floor, J. David Petruzzi, one can get Arlington, VA 22203, or e-mail informed of Stuart’s orders and [email protected]. actions in their book Plenty of Letters may be edited. AN ORIGINAL VIDEO SERIES Editor Dana B. Shoaf and Director of Photography Melissa Exciting Changes! A. Winn explore off-the-beaten path and human interest stories Dear readers: about the war, and interview Beginning with this issue, America’s Civil War is moving to a quarterly fellow scholars of the conflict. publication schedule. But don’t worry: existing subscriptions will be extended, so you will get all the issues you have paid for. We’ve made some exciting improvements to our already excellent content, and plenty more is in the works—all aimed to provide our devoted readers with even more value than before: • We’ve redesigned our website to make it more compelling, active, and easier to search. Two million users visit every month: check it out at historynet.com. • We’re offering a subscribers-only e-mail newsletter—“The America’s Civil War Monthly Dispatch”—that includes fresh material not available elsewhere. Subscribers will soon have exclusive access to special content on historynet.com, with the insight, excitement, and quality you’ve always experienced as readers of America’s Civil War. • Lastly, we are in the process of digitizing all back issues of America’s Civil War, going back to 1987. This tremendous and unprecedented resource will soon be available exclusively to subscribers. If you aren’t yet a subscriber, go to shop.historynet.com and sign up today, Live broadcasts begin at noon on to be sure you don’t miss any of this bonus content! If you are already a the first Monday of each month. subscriber—thank you, and please stand by for more great material to FACEBOOK.COM/CIVILWARTIMES come. Please reference the terms and conditions of your subscription for additional details on magazine delivery each year.

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Travel back in time and explore the rich history of the Alabama Gulf Coast. GulfShores.com OrangeBeach.com 888-666-9252 Autumn 2022 22 Last Resort? The 20th Maine’s bayonet charge was Hollywood gold. But how much did it change Gettysburg’s outcome? By Tom Desjardin CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: EVERETT COLLECTION/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES; VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND CULTURE; VIRGINIA MILITARY 2 INSTITUTE ARCHIVES; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS; COVER: © DON TROIANI. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2022/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR Departments 6 LETTERS A photo myth debunked; more on Ben Grierson’s spectacular raid 10 GRAPESHOT! (cid:261)(cid:284)(cid:303)(cid:284)(cid:3)(cid:286)(cid:288)(cid:297)(cid:303)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:3)(cid:299)(cid:295)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:288)(cid:297)(cid:287)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:290)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:270)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:284)(cid:302)(cid:302)(cid:284)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:284)(cid:303)(cid:292)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:284)(cid:295)(cid:3)(cid:259)(cid:284)(cid:303)(cid:303)(cid:295)(cid:288)(cid:387)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:287) 14 LIFE & LIMB Hardtack wasn’t the only forgettable part of a soldier’s diet 16 DIFFERENCE MAKERS (cid:280)(cid:298)(cid:304)(cid:297)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:287)(cid:3)(cid:302)(cid:298)(cid:295)(cid:287)(cid:292)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:285)(cid:298)(cid:303)(cid:291)(cid:3)(cid:302)(cid:292)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:387)(cid:297)(cid:287)(cid:3)(cid:284)(cid:3)(cid:361)(cid:280)(cid:292)(cid:302)(cid:286)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:302)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:297)(cid:290)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:362) 20 FROM THE CROSSROADS Reputation redeemed—at a heart-rending cost 54 TRAILSIDE (cid:276)(cid:288)(cid:288)(cid:294)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:290)(cid:3)(cid:260)(cid:292)(cid:305)(cid:292)(cid:295)(cid:3)(cid:280)(cid:284)(cid:301)(cid:3)(cid:291)(cid:284)(cid:301)(cid:296)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:308)(cid:3)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:3)(cid:270)(cid:298)(cid:298)(cid:301)(cid:288)(cid:387)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:287)(cid:6)(cid:3)(cid:280)(cid:4)(cid:279)(cid:284)(cid:4) 58 5 QUESTIONS The 5th Massachusetts Cavalry’s imperfect legacy 60 REVIEWS (cid:280)(cid:284)(cid:301)(cid:3)(cid:284)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:299)(cid:301)(cid:298)(cid:387)(cid:303)(cid:3)(cid:305)(cid:288)(cid:297)(cid:303)(cid:304)(cid:301)(cid:288)(cid:7)(cid:3)Alabama-Kearsarge clash under the microscope 64 FINAL BIVOUAC This Union trooper happened to love the South 30 Who Are They? The secrets behind photos found on fallen soldiers remain unsolved By John Banks 38 ‘Mowed Down Like Grass’ (cid:272)(cid:305)(cid:288)(cid:301)(cid:295)(cid:298)(cid:298)(cid:294)(cid:288)(cid:287)(cid:3)(cid:279)(cid:270)(cid:266)(cid:3)(cid:286)(cid:284)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:303)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:291)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:299)(cid:3)(cid:306)(cid:301)(cid:288)(cid:286)(cid:294)(cid:3)(cid:284)(cid:3)(cid:278)(cid:297)(cid:292)(cid:298)(cid:297)(cid:3) cavalry charge at New Market (cid:259)(cid:308)(cid:3)(cid:260)(cid:291)(cid:301)(cid:292)(cid:302)(cid:3)(cid:268)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:265)(cid:298)(cid:306)(cid:295)(cid:284)(cid:297)(cid:287) 46 Rebel Beacon The Atlanta Daily Intelligencer played a vital dual role in the war By Stephen Davis and Bill Hendrick ON THE COVER: LIEUTENANT ROBERT H. WICKER OF THE 15TH ALABAMA, A SWORD PRESSED AGAINST HIS CHEST, SURRENDERS TO COLONEL JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN AT THE BASE OF LITTLE ROUND TOP DURING THE 20TH MAINE’S LEGENDARY BAYONET CHARGE 3 ON GETTYSBURG’S SECOND DAY OF FIGHTING. CHAMBERLAIN LATER RECEIVED THE MEDAL OF HONOR FOR HIS ACTIONS. AUTUMN 2022 Michael A. Reinstein Chairman & Publisher CELEBRATING 35 YEARS AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR Vol. 35, No. 3 Autumn 2022 ONLINE HISTORYNET.com/ Chris K. Howland Editor AMERICAS-CIVIL-WAR Jerry Morelock Senior Editor Sarah Richardson Senior Editor CHAMBERLAIN AND ME Brian Walker Group Design Director Tom Desjardin provides an exclusive Melissa A. Winn Director of Photography look at his experiences working with Austin Stahl Associate Design Director actor Jeff Daniels, who portrayed Joshua Chamberlain in the movies Dana B. Shoaf Managing Editor, Print Gettysburg and Gods and Generals. Michael Y. Park Managing Editor, Digital historynet.com/chamberlainandme Claire Barrett News and Social Editor CALL OF DUTY Guarding Clement Vallandigham, ADVISORY BOARD the notorious Copperhead whom Gordon Berg, Jim Burgess, Steve Davis, Richard H. Holloway, D. Scott Hartwig, Larry Abraham Lincoln banished to the Hewitt, John Hoptak, Robert K. Krick, Ethan S. Rafuse, Ron Soodalter, Tim Rowland South in 1864, proved remarkable for a few Confederate soldiers. CORPORATE historynet.com/operationcopperhead Kelly Facer SVP Revenue Operations HISTORYNET UPGRADE Matt Gross VP Digital Initiatives If you haven’t visited our newly Rob Wilkins Director of Partnership Marketing redesigned website yet, you’re Jamie Elliott Production Director missing out! Completely revamped, ADVERTISING it is easier to use, updated daily, and loaded with special features and Morton Greenberg SVP Advertising Sales [email protected] digital content just for you. 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Even Gardner’s sword shown in the CDV is significant, as it was returned to him immediately after he surrendered it to Union Brig. Gen. George Leonard Andrews when Port Hudson fell. Gard- ner’s slim, almost gaunt figure demon- strates the hardships all of the garrison endured due to their severe lack of food during the siege. Other photographs of Gardner taken at a later date show the same man as the two indicated but with a fuller beard and mustache. I hope this look at the images clears dopPelganger up any misconceptions concerning General Gardner’s images. The search for a confirmed image of Maj. Gen. I read the March issue with much online misindentification. Richard B. Garnett must continue. enjoyment. My favorites were the arti- However, there is a new CDV of Edward Windsor cle on Shiloh from an Ohio officer’s Gardner in the Louisiana Digital Corinth, Miss. perspective and the cover story about Library collection. This photo shows Accomplished Brothers Grierson’s Raid through Mississippi. the general standing next to a table. If I did note, however, an inaccuracy on a you look closely at the table, you will I read with great pleasure Richard H. photo identification in the article titled see it is the same cap with the light Holloway’s article on Henry Forbes and “Macabre Trophies” by John Banks. The colored band that he is wearing in the Company B, 7th Illinois Cavalry, as photograph in question was one of disputed photo. You can also see this is part of Grierson’s Raid through Missis- Maj. Gen. Franklin Kitchell Gardner on the exact same person in the other sippi in April 1863. The troopers in P. 50, but, according to the caption, photo incorrectly identified as Garnett. Company B split off the main body as a there is new research suggesting it is Also, printed on the front of the picture diversion and were successful in their actually a photograph of Confederate is the following statement: own right. Grierson’s Raid was proba- Brig. Gen. Richard B. Garnett. bly one of the Union Army’s most spec- I recall seeing this argument before, Entered according to act of Con- tacular feats, so much so that even the so I looked through my back issues of gress, in the Clerk’s office of the Confederate press praised it. RY A R your magazine until I located a 2009 U.S.D.C., Eastern District of Loui- The men of Company B were from LIB L A letter to the editor from a gentleman siana, by T. Lilienthal, 15th Sep- the hill country of northwestern Illinois GIT DI who compared the same Gardner like- tember, 1863. where we lived for a lot of years. Henry A N A SI ness along with two other images—one and his younger brother, Stephen, were UI O L of Garnett’s relative and a later picture This date and place, as well as the from a family farm in the southeast Y; A W O of Gardner. photographer himself, all indicate this part of Freeport, not too far from where L L O H I have found another CDV of Gard- image is of Gardner. Theodore Lilien- the Walmart is today. Their father died H. D R ner that definitely answers all of the thal began his career taking photos in when they were young, so Henry, as A H C questions on the comparisons. The New Orleans shortly after his arrival in the oldest son, inherited the farm. It is F RI O Y argument for it being an image of Gar- 1853. The date the photo was certified presumed that he went back to work S E T R nett is simply based on an apparent coincides with the period coming not that land after he war, although I am OU C 6 AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR LETTERS unaware of any documentation. His unit was also split off as a diversion depot at St. Inigoes. This memorial is Henry’s letter, which is the basis of to convince the Confederates that the reputedly the smallest of all U.S. mili- Holloway’s article, is good. Stephen raid had ended. From that point, all of tary memorials or cemeteries. Forbes, Henry’s younger brother, wrote the troops and all of the commanders Annually on or about November 11 his own account of their exploits which in the raid—up to and including the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil is still available. In my opinion, Dee Ulysses S. Grant—were from Illinois. War, Sgt. James H. Harris Camp #38 Brown’s book on the raid is excellent. Hatch, after the war, commanded the conduct a memorial ceremony at the Unfortunately, it is out of print, though 9th U.S. Cavalry, another Buffalo Sol- gravesite. [Harris was one of two coun- still available as an e-book. dier unit. This one operated in the tian USCT soldiers awarded the Medal Stephen Forbes had a most interest- Colorado area. of Honor, as noted in your piece.] ing career. Like most of Company B, he To give some indication of the char- enlisted in the Union Army at Cedar- acter of the raid, the troopers took great ville, Ill., at the age of 19. He was taken care to avoid civilian casualties, and to prisoner at Corinth, Miss., but released avoid damaging civilian property. In after four months. one instance, the fires they started to After the war, Stephen earned a PhD destroy Confederate supplies spread to in Natural Science from Indiana Uni- some buildings in the town they were versity. Eventually, he became a pro- in. The Union troopers worked with fessor of Natural Science at the Confederate locals to put out these University of Illinois. While there, he collateral fires. published more than 100 papers and I encourage your readers to further books, did two very significant research study Grierson’s Raid. They will be projects, and became head of an orga- amazed. nization that was a precursor of the James A. Ketzel Illinois Department of Natural Panama City, Fla. Resources, among other accomplish- Overlooked Tragedy ments. He is recognized as one of the first scientists to describe an ecological How pleasantly surprised was I to find system and is considered one of the a beautiful three-page focus on Mary- founders of ecology. Among the many land’s St. Mary’s County in your March awards he received, both domestic and issue’s “Trailside.” Thank you for this foreign, he has an Illinois state park look at our rich historical area. You named after him. Not bad for an Illinois really bring home attention to some of USS Tulip memorial farmboy and Civil War veteran. the less-reported but vital action that A couple of sidebars: occurred along the Potomac River. Ben Grierson was born in Pittsburgh I recognize the constraints publica- Because St. Mary’s County hosts one of and raised in Youngstown, Ohio. As an tions have on length of articles, but I the largest Veterans Day parades in adult, he moved to Jacksonville, Ill., would like to call to your attention to a Maryland, the commemoration is rec- where he became a close friend of couple of other sites that Civil War visi- ognized on a proximate date. Abraham Lincoln and wrote his cam- tors should explore in Maryland’s According to Harris Camp Past paign songs for the 1860 election. “Mother County.” Commander Wesley Mumper, Tulip When Grierson was 8, he was kicked Primary among them is the memo- had departed the St. Inigoes depot ear- in the head by a horse. From then on, rial to the lost sailors of the USS Tulip, lier that day but had not gone far he hated horses and was afraid of killed on November 11, 1864, when their upstream before its boiler, pressed them. Of course, the Army made him ship’s boiler blew up as they sailed to beyond capacity, exploded. one of their best horse cavalry officers Washington’s Navy Yard for repairs to, Also of note is the wharf at Chaptico, and he was handed a career as a cav- you guessed it, the boiler. Apparently, which has connections to the Francis alry officer. In any case, when he was Tulip’s captain ignored orders to pro- Scott Key family. And the Old County commanding the 10th U.S. Cavalry ceed at low power, perhaps out of fear Jail, which you pictured, has a com- E SK postwar, the Army offered him the of being a sitting duck for Confederate memorative plaque noting the lynching N A M S opportunity to transfer to a White sol- gunners on the Virginia shore. Of 57 of a young Black man. This plaque was U N G diers’ unit three times. He refused. crew members, 49 lost their lives. Some dedicated on Emancipation Day 2021. A M BY Edward Hatch commanded the 2nd of the recovered bodies are interred at Karl K. Pence O T HO Iowa Cavalry as part of Grierson’s Raid. the site of the Potomac River supply Hollywood, Md. P 7 AUTUMN 2022 LETTERS Truthseeker Blame to Go Around: Jeb Stuart’s Regarding the artice “An Enduring Controversial Ride to Gettysburg. Myth” by D. Scott Hartwig in the Also, valuable information can be March 2022 issue (“From the Cross- found in Kent Masterson Brown’s roads,” P. 20), I agree with him about Retreat From Gettysburg. He the endurance of the Gettysburg explains why Lee entered Pennsyl- myths. vania. Even if the rangers and It makes me wonder if park rang- guides read these books, would they ers and battlefield guides are for- be allowed to change the narrative? bidden to tell the truth about Maj. I no longer YouTube Gettysburg Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The narrative is Battlefield walks; it’s just too always that Robert E. Lee was frustrating. “blind” and Stuart was “late.” Even Your magazine is full of informa- the Stuart reenactor goes along with tion and articles that fascinate and that narrative. I saw a video of him enlighten me. south of the Mason-Dixon Line and Irene Mack he told the audience that “you can’t Shillington, Pa. FIRST be late to some place you weren’t told to go.” He then explained Stu- WRITE TO US art’s actions. I doubt if he’s allowed Send letters to to do that in Gettysburg. America’s Civil War, MONDAYS Letters Editor, Historynet, Thanks to Eric Wittenberg and 901 North Glebe Road, 5th Floor, J. David Petruzzi, one can get Arlington, VA 22203, or e-mail informed of Stuart’s orders and [email protected]. actions in their book Plenty of Letters may be edited. AN ORIGINAL VIDEO SERIES Editor Dana B. Shoaf and Director of Photography Melissa Exciting Changes! A. Winn explore off-the-beaten path and human interest stories Dear readers: about the war, and interview Beginning with this issue, America’s Civil War is moving to a quarterly fellow scholars of the conflict. publication schedule. But don’t worry: existing subscriptions will be extended, so you will get all the issues you have paid for. We’ve made some exciting improvements to our already excellent content, and plenty more is in the works—all aimed to provide our devoted readers with even more value than before: • We’ve redesigned our website to make it more compelling, active, and easier to search. Two million users visit every month: check it out at historynet.com. • We’re offering a subscribers-only e-mail newsletter—“The America’s Civil War Monthly Dispatch”—that includes fresh material not available elsewhere. Subscribers will soon have exclusive access to special content on historynet.com, with the insight, excitement, and quality you’ve always experienced as readers of America’s Civil War. • Lastly, we are in the process of digitizing all back issues of America’s Civil War, going back to 1987. This tremendous and unprecedented resource will soon be available exclusively to subscribers. If you aren’t yet a subscriber, go to shop.historynet.com and sign up today, Live broadcasts begin at noon on to be sure you don’t miss any of this bonus content! If you are already a the first Monday of each month. subscriber—thank you, and please stand by for more great material to FACEBOOK.COM/CIVILWARTIMES come. Please reference the terms and conditions of your subscription for additional details on magazine delivery each year.

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