Ambassador the Honourable Dr. Richard L. Bernal

20 Pages·2009·0.17 MB·English

RICHARD L. BERNAL
June 2009.

PERSONAL Jamaican national, born November 30, 1949 in Kingston, Jamaica.

Married 1971 to Margaret Ann Reckord, Sociologist and Cultural Heritage Consultant.
Two sons, Brian, Architect and Darren, Psychologist

EDUCATION M.I.P.P. (International Public Policy) School for Advanced International Studies,
Johns Hopkins University, 1996

Ph.D. (Economics) New School for Social Research, 1988

M. A. (Economics) New School for Social Research, 1979

B.Sc. (Economics) University of the West Indies, 1971

CURRENT
POSITION Alternate Executive Director, Inter-American Development Bank, (since July 2008)

OTHER POSITIONS Dean, CARIFORUM College of EPA Negotiators (April, 2004-December, 2007)
Principal Negotiator for CARIFORUM in EPA Negotiations (April, 2004-December, 2007)
Dean, CARICOM College of FTAA Negotiations (since June, 1998)
Member, Advisory Board of the Institute of Caribbean Studies, Washington D.C. (since 1994)
Member, Advisory Board of the International Trade Law Center (since 1998)
Member, Editorial Board of Intergracion and Commercio, Journal of the Inter-American
Development Bank (since 1996)
Member, Board of Directors, Michael Manley Foundation (since May 2000)
Senior Associate, Centre for Strategic International Studies (since 2000)
CARICOM Lead Negotiator for CARICOM-Canada Trade Agreement (since March 2001)
Honorary Professor, Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the
West Indies (since October 2003)
Member, Chancellor’s Forum, University of Technology (since March 2006)
Member, Caribbean Business Council, (since June 2006)
Member, Executive Committee, Royal Commonwealth Society, Jamaica (since Oct. 2007)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Dec. 2001-June, 2008 Director General, Caribbean regional Negotiating Machinery

Sept. – Nov. 2001 Chief Technical Advisor, Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery.

May 1991 - Aug. 2001 Ambassador of Jamaica to the United States of America.

May 1991 - Aug 2001 Permanent Representative of Jamaica to the Organization of American States.

May 1991 - Aug. 2001 High Commissioner of Jamaica to The Bahamas

Feb. 1990 - April 1991 General Manager, Workers Bank
Commercial Bank and its subsidiaries (Trust & Merchant Bank and Finance Company) with Assets
of US$125 million and staff complement of 400.

Mar. 1989 - Mar. 1991 Advisor, Ministry of Finance
Economic Programming and External Debt Management.
Sept. 1988 - Jan. 1990 Director, Administration, Workers Bank:
Responsible for Operations, Marketing, Public Relations, Data Processing, Personnel, Training and
Research.

Jan. 1987 - Sept. 1988 Manager, Economic Research and Marketing Department, Workers Bank
.
1985 - 1986 Research Fellow, Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies:
The Regional Monetary Studies Programme.

Sept 1979 - May 1987 Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of the West Indies
International Economics and Development Economics, Graduate and Undergraduate.

June 1979 - Oct 1980 Advisor, National Planning Agency
IMF programs, external debt and balance of payment adjustment.

June - Sept. 1977 Economist, National Planning Agency
Macroeconomic Division.

1974 - 1975 Administrative Officer, Bank of Jamaica
In charge of public finance and national debt.

1972 - 1974 Economist, Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies
Regional Programme for Monetary Studies.

1971 - 1972 Economist, Bank of Jamaica
Research Department/Exchange Control Department.

MEETINGS and DELEGATIONS
Member of numerous Government of Jamaica delegations led by the Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the
Minister of Finance. Participated in meetings involving Presidents, Prime Ministers and Ministers of Government of several
countries and Heads of institutions, private, public and international including:
(a) International Organizations - United Nations, Commonwealth Secretariat, South Commission, Organization of American
States, World Trade Organization, UNCTAD, European Commission, ACP Secretariat.
(b) International Financial Institutions - World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Inter-American Development Bank.
(c) Regional Organizations - CARICOM Secretariat, CARICOM Heads of Government, CARICOM Ministerial Meetings and
Caribbean Association of Indigenous Banks.
(d) Government Departments and Agencies - U.S. State Department, U.S. Treasury, U.S. Congress, (Testimony, bilateral
meetings, with Senators, Congressmen, Congressional Staff) and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. A.I.D., EX-IM
Bank, Department of Agriculture, United States Trade Representative, European Commission.
(e) Central Banks - Federal Reserve, Bank of England, Bank of Canada and throughout the Caribbean
(f) Commercial Banks - Bank of America, Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Irving Trust, Lloyds, Barclays, Warburg, Bank of
Nova Scotia and Morgan Grenfeld.

Special Assignments/Posts
1997-2003 Senior Fellow, North-South Center, University of Miami
1997-2006 Co-Chairman, U.S.-CARICOM Trade and Investment Council
Oct.2000- August 2001 Member of the Caribbean Trade and Adjustment Group
May - August 2001 Dean, CARICOM Diplomatic Corp in Washington, DC
May - August 2001 Chair, National Coalition on Caribbean Affairs
Late 1990’s Visiting Fellow, Mona Institute of Business, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
1995 - 2001 Jamaica’s Representative, Committee on Hemispheric Financial Issues
1994 - 2001 Member, OAS Advisory Group Special Committee on Trade
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1998 - 2000 Member, Advisory Group of Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery
1994 - 2001 Member, Executive Committee of the Advisory Council of Foreign Diplomats
Nov. 1998 - Nov. 1999 Chairman, FTAA Consultative Group on Smaller Economies
Aug 1995 - Oct 1998 Member of the FTAA Working Group on Services
Aug 1995 - Oct 1998 Chairman of the FTAA Working Group on Smaller Economies
1995 - 1997 Chairman, CARICOM Working Group on the FTAA
Jan - May 1997 Lead negotiator, economic aspects of CARICOM for the Clinton Caribbean Summit
1996 - 1997 Member Eminent Persons Group on Smaller Economies which prepared “Overcoming Obstacles and
Maximizing Opportunities.” (August 1997)
Sept. 1997 Chairman of CARICOM delegation for the U.S. - CARICOM Trade and Investment Council
1991 Member of the CARICOM's Technical Group on the Enterprise of the Americas Initiative.
1985 Member, Socialist International Committee on Economic Policy which prepared Global Challenge:
From Crisis to Co-operation: Breaking the North-South Stalemate (London: Pan Books).
1983 - 1985 Advisor to the Joint Trade Union Research Centre, Jamaica.
Oct. 1979 Member of a Group of Experts, which prepared “Effective Mechanisms for dealing with Balance of
Payments Problems: (Caribbean Community Secretariat, REP.71/1/27, E6/BP).

Testimonies
September, 2007 Testimony to the US International Trade Commission.

May 17, 2000 Testimony on the United States-Caribbean Relations to the Hearings before the Subcommittee on the
Western Hemisphere of the House Committee on International Relations, May 17, 2000.

September 11, 1997 Testimony before the Subcommittee on Trade of the Committee on Ways and Means House of
Representatives One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, September 11, 1997.

July 22, 1997 Testimony before the Subcommittee on Trade of the Committee on Ways and Means House of
Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, July 22, 1997.

June 24, 1993 Testimony before the United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade. The
Caribbean Basin Free Trade Agreements Act (H.R. 1403).

April 1, 1993 Testimony before the United States House Ways and Means Committee on the Role of 936 Funds in
Economic Development of Caribbean Countries.

Jan. 22, 1992 Testimony before the U.S. International Trade Commission Hearings on U.S. Market Access in
Latin America, Recent Liberalization Measures and Remaining Barriers.

July 31, 1990 Testimony before the joint hearing of the Sub-Committee on Western Hemisphere Affairs and the
Sub-Committee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the U.S. House of Representatives
on H.R. 5196, The Caribbean Debt for Development Act of 1990.

Sept. 1989 Address to the Friends of the Caribbean in Congress - “Debt, Drugs, and Development: The
Jamaican Dilemma,” September, 1989.

Sept. 18 & 19, 1987 Testimony on the Caribbean Basin Initiative to the Hearings before the Sub-Committee on 1987
International Economic Policy and Trade and Western Hemispheric Affairs of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, First Session.

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FORTHCOMING PUBLICATIONS

Globalization, Trade and Economic Development. CARIFORUM Economic Partnership Agreement (Ian Randle Publishers,
2009)

Influencing US Foreign Policy (Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2009).

“Participation of Small Developing Economies in the Governance of the Multilateral Trading System”, Working Paper Series,
Centre for International Governance Innovation (July, 2009).

With David Jessop, “From Vulnerability to Sustainability: The Future of the UK-CARICOM Relationship”.

With Lincoln Price, “Enter the Dragon: The Future of CARICOM’s Economic Relations with China”, Round Table,
(September, 2009).

Firm Competitiveness, Capital Market Integration and the CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement, Jamaica Stock
Exchange, 2008.

PUBLICATIONS (papers available at richardbernal.net are marked by *)
RECENT

1. “CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement Negotiations: Why and How”, Journal of Eastern Caribbean
Studies, Vol. 33, No.2 (June, 2008) pages 1-23.*

2. “The V Summit of the Americas; Renewal of Engagement”, Latin Finance, May, 2009.

BOOKS

3. Globalization. Everything But Alms. The EPA and Economic Development (Kingston: Grace Kennedy Foundation,
April, 2008).

MONOGRAPHS

4. The Aftershock of 9/11: Implications for Globalization and World Politics, North-South Center Working Paper No. 10
(Miami: North-South Center, University of Miami, September, 2002).

5. “Current Developments in the FTAA”, Commonwealth Trade Hot Topics, Issue No. 1 (June, 2001).

6. With Winsome Leslie, Privatization in the English Speaking Caribbean: An Assessment, CSIS, Policy Paper on the
Americas, Vol. X, Study 7 (Washington D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, October, 1999).

7. The Integration of Small Economies in the Free Trade Area of the Americas, CSIS, Policy Paper on the Americas,
Vol. IX, Study No.1. (Washington D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, February 2, 1998). *

8. Trade Blocs: A Regionally Specific Phenomenon, or a Global Trend? Walter Sterling Surrey Memorial Series
(Washington D.C.: National Planning Association, September, 1997). *

9. Paths To The Free Trade Area of The Americas, CSIS, Policy Paper on the Americas, Volume VIII, Study 2
(Washington D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, January 15, 1997). *

10. Implementing the Summit of the Americas: Developing and Liberalizing Capital Markets, (Miami: North-South
4
Centre, University of Miami, October 1996).

11. Strategic Global Repositioning and the Future Economic Development of Jamaica, North South Agenda Paper No. 18
(Miami: North South Center, University of Miami, May 1996). *

12. With Steve Lamar, Caribbean Basin Economic Development and the Section 936 Tax Credit. North-South Agenda
Paper, No.22 (Miami: North-South Center, University of Miami, December 1996). *

13. The Caribbean Caught in the Crosscurrents of Globalization and Regionalism, The 9th Aldith Brown Memorial
Lecture, (St. Augustine: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, December, 1994).

14. The Integration of Capital Markets in the Caribbean: Problems and Policy Proposals (La integracion de los mercados
de capitales en la zona del Caribe: problems y proposiciones de politicas), Ensayo No. 36, (Mexico: Centro de
Estudios Monetatios Latinoamericanos, 1977.)

15. Commonwealth Caribbean Financial Statistics, 1972 (Monetary Studies Programme, Institute of Social and Economic
Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, 1973) 118 pages.

16. Commonwealth Caribbean Financial Statistics Annual Digest, 1971. (Monetary Studies Programme, Institute of Social
and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, November, 1972) 108 pages

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS

17. “The globalization of health-care: opportunities for the Caribbean”, CEPAL Review, No.92 (August, 2007) pages 83-
100 /“La globalizacion de la atnecion de la salud: oportunidades para el Caribe”, Revista de la CEPAL, No. 92
(Agosto, 2007) pagines 83-100. *

18. “CARICOM’s External Trade Negotiations without the Completion of the CSME” in The CSME: Status, Issues and
Priorities (Washington DC: Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, Inter-American
Development Bank, 2006). *

19. “The CARICOM Single Market and Economy and External Trade Negotiations”, Caribbean Journal of International
Relations, Vol. 1, Issue 1 (April, 2005) pages 33-48.

20. “Book Review: The Challenge of Change. Prime Minister P.J. Patterson Budget Presentations 1992-2000, Social and
Economic Studies, Vol. 53, No. 3 (September, 2004) pages 164-169.

21. “The Doha Development Agenda after Cancun: An Insider’s View”, Integration & Trade, Vol. 7, No. 19 (July-
December, 2003) pages 21-43. * (“El programa de Doha el desarrollo despues de Cancun: Una Vision desde adentro”,
Integracion & Comercio).

22. “The Caribbean’s Future is Not What It Was”, Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 52, No. 1 (March, 2003) pages 185-
217. *

23. “Sleepless in Seattle: The WTO Ministerial of November 1999,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 48, No. 3
(September, 1999) pages 61-84.

24. “The WTO Dispute Mechanism: A Developing Country Perspective” International Lawyer, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Fall, 1998)
pages 871-873.

25. “Vias hacia el Area de Libre Commercio de las Americas,” CAPITULOS, No. 49 (Enero-Marzo, 1997) pages 111-
130/ “Path to the Free Trade of the Americas”, CAPITULOS, No. 49 (January- March, 1997) pagines 97-114.
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26. Book Review, Jay R. Mandle, “Persistent Underdevelopment: Change and Economic Modernization in the West
Indies,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 45, No. 4 (December, 1996) pages 203-205.

27. “Coping with Volatile Capital Flows in Latin America: A Review Essay,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 44, Nos.
2 & 3 (June and September, 1996) pages 375-386.

28. “Regional Trade Arrangements and the Establishment of a Free Trade Area of the Americas,” Law and Policy in
International Business, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Summer, 1996) pages 945-962. *

29. “Repercusiones del Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte sobre el crecimiento economico y el comercio
del Caribe,” Integracion Latinoamericana, Ano 19, No. 205 (Noviembre, 1994) pagines 13-20

30. “From NAFTA to Hemispheric Free Trade,” Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol.29, No. 3 (Fall, 1994) pages
22-31. *

31. “The Compatibility of Caribbean Membership in Lome, NAFTA and GATT,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 43,
No.2 (June, 1994) pages 139-147.*

32. “Regional Trade Arrangements in the Western Hemisphere" The American University, Journal of International Law
and Policy, Vol. 8, No.4 (Summer, 1993) pages 683-718. *

33. “The Effect of A North American Free Trade Agreement On The Commonwealth Caribbean". (Book Review), Social
and Economic Studies, Vol. 42, No. 1 (March, 1993) pages 208-210.

34. “Drugs, Debt and Democracy in the Caribbean: Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy,” Trans-Africa, Vol. 9, No. 2
Summer, 1992) pages 83-92.

35. “Next Stop, Caribbean Debt Relief,” International Economy, Vol. 5, No.4 (July/August, 1991) pages 71-74.

36. “Caribbean Debt Relief,” Caribbean Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2 (June, 1991) pages 45-58.

37. “The SELA Debt Proposal: An Evaluation,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1 (March, 1991) pages
171-176.

38. “Economic Adjustment Policies For Small Nations" (Book Review), Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4
(December, 1990) pages 219-227.

39. “Emerging Stock Markets Fact book 1988" (Book Review), Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4 (December,
1989) pages 287- 290.

40. “The Great Depression, Colonial Policy and Industrialization in Jamaica,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 37, Nos.
1 and 2 (March-June, 1988) pages 33-64. *

41. “Resolving the Global Debt Crisis,” Economia Internazionale, Vol. XL, Nos. 2-3 (Maggio-Agosto, 1987) pages 1-19.

42. “Transitional Commercial Banks, the International Monetary Fund and Capitalist Crisis in Jamaica,” Transition, Issue
15 (1987) pages 1-46.

43. “Restructuring Jamaica's Economic Relations with Socialist Countries, 1974-1980,” Development and Change, Vol.
17, No. 4 (October, 1986) pages 607-634.

6
44. “El intercambio desigual de Emmanuel como una teoria del sub-desarrolo,” Investigacion Economica, Vol. XLIV, No.
173 (Julio-Sept., 1985) pages 99-127.

45. With Deanna Ashley, “Poliomyelitis in Jamaica: Immunization Policies and Socio-Economic Implications,” World
Health Forum, Vol. 6, No. 3 (August, 1985) pages 265-267.

46. With Deanna Ashley, “A Review of Poliomyelitis Epidemics in Jamaica: Immunization Policies and Socio-Economic
Implications,” Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, Vol. 19, No. 3 (August, 1985) English and Spanish.

47. With Deanna Ashley, “A review of Poliomyelitis Epidemics in Jamaica: The Immunization Policies and
Socio-Economic Implications,” Disasters: The International Journal of Disaster Studies and Practices, Vol. 9, No. 1
(March, 1985) pages 144-154.

48. “Los Bancos Transcionales, E1 FMI deuda externa de los paises en desarrollo,” Comercio Exterior, Vol. 35, No. 2
(February, 1985) pagines 115-125.

49. “IMF and Class Struggle in Jamaica, 1977-1980,” Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Summer, 1984) pages
53-82.

50. “Foreign Investment and Development in Jamaica,” Inter-American Economic Affairs, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Autumn, 1984)
pages 3-21. Reprinted in Chinese.

51. With Mark Figueroa and Michael Witter, “Caribbean Economic Thought: The Critical Tradition,” Social and
Economic Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2 (June, 1984) pages 5-97.

52. “Transnational Banks, the IMF and External Debt of Developing Countries,” Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 31,
No. 4 (December, 1982) pages 71-101.

53. With Norman Girvan, “The IMF and the Foreclosure of Development options: The Case of Jamaica,” Monthly
Review, Vol. 38, No. 9 (February, 1982) pages 48-68. Reprinted in Chinese.

54. With Norman Girvan, “The IMF and the Foreclosure of Development Options: The Case of Jamaica, “Development
and Peace, Vol.2, No.2 (Autumn 1981) pages 137-147.

55. With Norman Girvan, “El FMI y la exclusion de opiones de desarollo: el caso de Jamaica,” El Caribe Contemporaneo,
No. 5 (Enero-Abril, 1981) pagines 34-38.

56. With Norman Girvan and Wesley Hughes, “The IMF and the Third World: The Case of Jamaica, 1974-1980,”
Development Dialogue, No. 2 (1980) pages 113-155.

57. With Norman Girvan and Wesley Hughes, “El Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Tercer Mundo: El Caso Jamaica,”
Cuadernos Economicos Trimestrales, No. 3 (Diciembre, 1980) pagines 93-178.

58. “Emmanuel's Unequal Exchange as a Theory of Underdevelopment,” Social and Economic Studies, Special Issue in
Honour of Arthur Lewis, Vol. 29, No. 4 (December, 1980) pages 152-174.

59. “La integracion de los mercados de capitales en la zona del Caribe: problemas y proposiciones de politicas,” CEMLA
Boletin Mensual, Vol. 22, No. 7-8 (July-August, 1976) pagines 365-375.

60. “The Significance of Garvey,” New World Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 4 (1974), pages 69-72.

7
ARTICLES IN BOOKS

61. “Planning in the New Global Context” in Planning today. Securing tomorrow. Perspectives on Development Planning
in Jamaica (Kingston: Planning Institute of Jamaica, 2007) pages 3-50.*

62. “Nano-firms, Integration and International Competitiveness: The Experience and Dilemma of the CSME” in Kenneth
Hall and Myrtle Chuck-A-Sang (eds.), The CARICOM Single Market and Economy: Genesis and Prognosis
(Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2007) pages 127-151.

63. “Special and Differential Treatment for Small Developing Economies” in Roman Grynberg (ed.), WTO at the
Margins. Small States and the Multilateral Trading System (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) pages
309-355. *

64. “Nano-firms, Integration and International Competitiveness: The Experience and Dilemma of the CSME” in Denis
Benn and Kenneth Hall (eds.), Production Integration in CARICOM: From Theory to Action (Kingston : Ian Randle
Publishers, 2006) pages 90-115. *

65. “Small Developing Economies in the World Trade Organization” in Merlinda D. Ingco (ed.), Agriculture, Trade, and
the WTO (Washington DC: World Bank, 2003) pages 108-122. *

66. “The Case for NAFTA Parity for CBI Countries” in Kenneth Hall (ed.), The Caribbean Community Beyond Survival
(Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2001) pages 492-503.

67. “Globalization and Small Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities” in David Peretz, Rumman Faruqi and
Eliawony J. Kisanga (eds.), Small States in the Global Economy (London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2001) pages
39-51.

68. With Winsome Leslie, "The Experience of Privatization in the English Speaking Caribbean: The Experience" in
Melissa H. Birch and Jerry Haar (eds.), The Impact of Privatization in the Americas ((Miami: North-South Centre
Press, University of Miami, 2000) pages 115-140.

69. With Steve Lamar and Winsome Leslie, “Drugs, Debt and Structural Adjustment,” in Ivelaw Griffith (ed.), The
Political Economy of Drugs in the Caribbean (London: Macmillan Press, 2000) pages 58-80.

70. “Globalization and Small Developing Countries: The Imperative for Repositioning”, in Denis Benn and Kenneth Hall
(eds), Globalization: A Calculus of Inequality (Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2000) pages 88-128. *

71. "The Caribbean in the International System: Outlook for the First 20 years of the 21st Century" in Kenneth Hall and
Denis Benn (eds.), Contending with Destiny. The Caribbean in the 21st Century (Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers,
2000) pages 295-325.

72. With Winsome Leslie, “Canadian Economic Assistance to CARICOM Countries: Assessment and Future Prospects” in
Jerry Haar and Anthony Bryan (eds.) Canadian-Caribbean Relations in Transition: Trade, Sustainable Development
and Security (London: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999) pages 190-209.

73. “Caribbean States and The FTAA: Adequacy of Preparation, Participation and Negotiating Structures” in Anthony
Gonzales (ed.), Small Caribbean States and the Challenge of International Trade Negotiations (Port of Spain: Institute
of International Relations, University of the West Indies, 1998) pages 76-103.

74. “Jamaica and the Process of Free Trade in the Western Hemisphere” in Anne Weston and Usha Viswanathan (eds.)
Jamaica After NAFTA: Trade Options and Sectoral Strategies. (Kingston: Ian Randle, 1997) pages 18-23.

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75. “Influencing US Policy Towards the English-speaking Caribbean in the Post-Cold War Era” in Anthony Bryan (ed.),
The Caribbean: New Dynamics in Trade and Investment (Miami: North-South Centre, University of Miami, 1995)
pages 209-229.

76. “Foreword” in Hopeton S. Dunn (ed.), Globalization, Communication and Caribbean Identity (Kingston: Ian Randle
Publishing Limited, 1995) pages ix-x.

77. “CARICOM: Externally Vulnerable Regional Economic Integration" in Roberto Bouzas and Jaime Ros (eds.),
Economic Integration in the Western Hemisphere. (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1994) pages 171-202.

78. “Recent Developments in the Hemisphere and their Implications for Jamaica" in Jamaica: Preparing for the Twenty-
first Century. (Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 1994) pages 211-240.

79. “Redefining the Development Agenda: A Developing Country Perspective,” in Barbara Stallings and Contributors,
Common Vision, Different Paths: The United States and Japan in the Developing World (Washington D.C.: Overseas
Development Council, 1993) pages 145-151.

80. “Comparative Experience of CARICOM Countries: A Comment" in George Beckford and Norman Girvan (eds.),
Development in Suspense (Kingston: Freidrick Ebert Stiftung and Association of Caribbean Economists, 1989) pages
75-78.

81. “Default as a Negotiating Tactic in Debt Rescheduling Strategies of Developing Countries: A Preliminary Note” in
Antonio Jorge & Jorge Salazar-Carrillo (eds.), Foreign Investment, Debt & Economic Growth in Latin America
(London: Macmillan Press, 1988) pages 41-58.

82. With Norman Girvan and Wesley Hughes, “The IMF and the Third World. The Case of Jamaica “ in Yash Ghai,
Robin Luckam and Francis Synder (eds.), The Political Economy of Law. A Third World Reader (Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1987).

83. “Crisis and Reform in Jamaica: Some Economic Lessons,” in George Irvin and Xabier Gorostiaga (eds.) Towards an
Alternative for Central America and the Caribbean, (London: George Allen Unwin, 1985), pages 111-125.

84. “El Fondo Monetario International y la preservaction delcapitalismo dependente en Jamaica,” in Aggrey Brown (ed.),
La Irrupcion del Caribe, (Caracas: Mex-Sur Editorial, Nueva Sociedad, 1985) pagines 134-176.

85. “The Vicious Circle of Foreign Indebtedness: The Case of Jamaica,” in Antonio Jorge, Jorge Salazar-Carrillo and
Frank Diaz-Pou (eds.), External Debt and Development Strategy in Latin America, (New York: Pergamon, 1985)
pages 111-128.

86. "Jamaica: Democratic Socialism Meets the IMF,” in Jill Torrie (ed.), Banking on Poverty: the Global Impact of the
IMF and World Bank, (Toronto: Between the Lines, 1983) pages 217-240.

87. “Economic Growth and External Debt in Jamaica,” in Antonio Jorge, Rene F. Higonnet and Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
(eds.) External Debt and Economic Growth in Latin America, (New York: Pergamon Publishers, 1982) pages 89-108.

88. “La banca transnacional, el Fondo Montetario Internacional y la crisis capitalista de Jamaica" in Jaime Estevez and
Samuel Lichtenszetjn (eds.) Nueva fase del capital financiero: Elementos teoricos y experiences in America Latina,
(Mexico: ILET/CEESTEM, Editorial Nueva Imagen, 1981) pagines 281-334.

9
ARTICLES IN MONOGRAPHS

89. “Small developing countries and the multilateral trading system. A Caribbean perspective” in the Commonwealth
Finance Ministers Reference Report (London: Henley Media Group for the Commonwealth Secretariat, September,
2004) 4 pages. *

90. “Competition, competitiveness and cooperation: priority issues for CARICOM in future EU-ACP trade arrangements”
in Trade negotiation issues in the Cotonou Agreement: agriculture and economic partnership agreements (New York:
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2003) pages 147-159.

91. Richard L. Bernal, “US-Caribbean Relations at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century” in Richard L. Bernal, Anthony
T. Bryan and Georges A. Fauriol, the United States and Caribbean Strategies. Three Assessments, CSIS, Policy
Papers on the Americas, Vol. XIII, Study 4 (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, April
2001) pages 3-25.

92. “The WTO After Seattle,” in Agricultural Trade Negotiations and the Developing Countries after Seattle (Washington
D.C.: National Policy Association, Policy Brief No. 300, February, 2001) pages 4-15.

93. “Sustaining Economic Development Within the Caribbean,” in The Caribbean at the Crossroads: A Tale of Two
Islands, Jamaica and St. Vincent and the Grenadine Islands. (International Institute, George Mason University, June,
1994) pages 1-7.

94. “The Implications of Global Trends for the Labour Market in Jamaica” in Seminar Report on Labour Market
Information for Strategic Planning and Human Resource Development. (Kingston: Planning Institute of Jamaica,
1994) pages 3-11.

95. “The Caribbean and Western Hemisphere Free Trade,” in Mark Sullivan (ed.), The Caribbean Basin: Economic and
Security Issues, Study Papers submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, (Washington
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 1993) pages 366-380.

96. “Monetary Policy and Financial Structure in Jamaica" in Circuits Monetaires et Financiers dans les Economics
Antillaises (Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe: SEG/ADESC, 1991) pages 89-93.

97. “Resolving the International Debt Crisis,” in Omar Davies (ed.), The Debt Problem in Jamaica: Situations and
Solutions, Monograph No. 1, Department of Economics, University of the West Indies, Mona (September 1986) pages
82-114.

98. “Regional Co-operation and the Development of South-South Trade,” in Dick Gupwell (ed.), The Future of World
Trade, (Brussels: Socialist Group, European Parliament, 1986) pages 46-51.

99. “Exchange Rate Policy in Jamaica,” in Michael Witter and Richard Bernal, Exchange Rate Policy and the Jamaican
Economy, Department of Economics, University of the West Indies, Mona, Occasional Paper No. 1 (July 1984) pages
19-29.

PAPERS IN PROCEEDINGS

99. “United States-Caribbean Relations” in Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the House
Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May
17, 2000 (Washington, D.C., US Government Printing Office, 2000) pages 24-41.

100. “NAFTA at Three: The Case for NAFTA Parity,” Statement submitted to the House on Ways and Means Trade
Subcommittee, House of Representative One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, September 11, 1997
10