Alzheimer’s Disease. Epidemiology, Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, and Clinics PDF
Preview Alzheimer’s Disease. Epidemiology, Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, and Clinics
KEY TOPICS IN BRAIN RESEARCH Edited by A. Carlsson, P. Riederer, H. Beckmann, T. Nagatsu, and S. Gershon K. Maurer, P. Riederer, and H. Beckmann (eds.) Alzheimer's Disease. Epidemiology, Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, and Clinics Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH Praf. Dr. Konrad Maurer Prof. Dr. Peter Riederer Prof. Dr. Helmut Beckmann Department of Psychiatry, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Federal Republic of Germany This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 1990 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-VerlagjWien in 1990 Printed on acid-tree paper Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceu ticalliterature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. With 118 Figures (9 in color) ISSN 0934-1420 ISBN 978-3-211-82197-8 ISBN 978-3-7091-3396-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-3396-5 Preface Dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), multiinfarct dementia (MID) and dementia occurring in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD +D) now make up one of the largest categories of chronic diseases in the elderly. In addition to the burden those illnesses impose on the affected individuals and their families they consume large socio-economic re sources. In the light of all the above mentioned features, it seemed to us that a Symposium on behalf of the 125th Anniversary of Birth of Aloys Alzheimer was particularly well-suited to help to advance research on Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. This International Symposium combined with a Satellite Symposium about "Clinical Aspects of Alz heimer Dementias" took place in June 1989 in Wiirzburg and has been organized by the Psychiatric Departments of the Universities of Wiirzburg and Munich (H. Beckmann, K. Maurer, P. Riederer, H. Hippius and H. Lauter) and the Department of Pathochemistry and General Neurochemistry of the University of Heidelberg (S. Hoyer). In the chapters which follow, thorough reviews of recognized authorities in the field of dementia are given in the four main fields of epidemiology, neuropathology, neurochemistry and clinics. This Symposium and the edition of this book would not have been possible without the generous support of E. Merck, Darmstadt. In particular we gratefully acknowledge the efforts undertaken by Mr. Hernandez-Meyer to organizing this symposium and to publish this book. Furthermore we are grateful to the secretarial help by Mrs. Moeslein, Miss Philipp and Miss Grabner. Last but not least, we thank Springer-Verlag Wien New York for the excellent production of this book and the excellent cooperation over the last months. August 1990 K. MAuRER, P. RIEDERER, and H. BECKMANN Contents Hippius, H.: Aloys Alzheimer XIII Introduction Wurtman, R. J: Some philosophical aspects of Alzheimer's discovery: an American perspective . . . . . . . . . . 3 Carlsson, A.: The aging brain and its disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Epidemiology Hafner, H.: Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . 23 Amaducci, L., Lippi, A.: Descriptive and analytic epidemiology of Alz- heimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Bird, T. D., Hughes, J P., Sumi, S.M., Nochlin, D., Schellenberg, G. D., Lampe, T. H., Nemens, E.J: A proposed classification of familial Alzhei- mer's disease based on analysis of 32 multigeneration pedigrees 51 N europa tho logy ]ellinger, K.: Morphology of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders 61 Brun, A., Gustafson, L., Englund, E.: Morphology of white matter, subcor- tical, dementia in Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Braak, H., Braak, E.: Morphology of the cerebral cortex in relation to Alzheimer's dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Heinsen, H., Abel, L., Heckers, S., Heinsen, Y. L., Beckmann, H., Riederer, P., Hebenstreit, G.: Quantitative investigations of presenile and senile changes of the human entorhinal region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Gertz, H.-J, Cervos-Navarro,J: Neuronal plasticity of the septo-hippocam- pal pathway in patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer type 99 Flament-Durand,J, Brion,] P.: Morphology of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1O S Flament, S., Delacourte, A., Dijossez, A.: An in vitro model for the study of the neurofibrillary degeneration of the Alzheimer type . . . . . . 123 Brion, J-P., Cheetham, M. E., Coleman, M., Dale, G., Gallo, J-M., Hanger, D.P., Probst, A., Smith, D. C., Anderton, B. H.: Molecular and cellular changes associated with neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques 131 Price, D. L., Koo, E. H., Sisodia, S. S., Martin, L.J, Walker, L. C., Kitt, C. A., Cork, L. C.: Brain abnormalities in aged monkeys: a model sharing features with Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Wisniewski, H. M., Wegiei,J, Morys,j, Bancber, C., Soltysiak, Z., Kim, K. S.: Aged dogs: an animal model to study beta-protein amyloidogenesis 151 X Contents Immuncytochemistry Lassmann, H., Fischer, P., Bancher, C., ]ellinger, K.: Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural pathology of nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Ransmayr, G., Cervera, P., Hirsch, E., Ruberg, M., Hersh, L. B., Dt!J!ckaerts, C., Hauw, J-J, Agid, Y.: Choline-acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation of control subjects and patients with Alzhei mer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Ichimiya, Y., Arai, H., lizuka, R., Emson, P. C., Mountjoy, C.Q.: Calbindin immunoreactive neurones in Alzheimer-type dementia . . . . . . . 187 Neurochemistry Sorbi, S., Mortilla, M., Piacentini, S., Tesco, G., Latorraca, S., Nacmias, B., Tonini, S., Amaducci, L.: Lactate production and glycolytic enzymes in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Nitsch, R., Mayer, G., Galmbacher, R., Galmbacher, G., Ape!/, V., Hoyer, S.: Impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism parallels learning and mem- ory dysfunctions after intracerebral streptozotocin . . . . . . . . . 201 Wurtman, R.J, Ulus, I. H., Blusztqjn,J K., Lopez G.-Coviel/a, 1., Logue, M., Mauron, C., Growdon, J H.: Choline levels, the regulation of acetyl choline and phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and Alzheimer's disease . . 211 Martin, K.J, Widdowson, L.: Acetylcholine synthesis and membrane phos- pholipids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Loudon,], Brown, F., Clark, M., Riley, G.: Hippocampal and cardiovascular effects of muscarinic agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Moll, G., Gsell, W., Wichart, I., ]ellinger, K., Riederer, P.: Cholinergic and monoaminergic neuromediator systems in DAT. Neuropathological and neurochemical findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Chan-Palay, V., Asan, E.: Alterations in catecholamine neurons in the locus coeruleus in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease . . . . 245 Nagatsu, T., Sawada, M., Hagihara, M., Iwata, N., Arai, H., lizuka, R.: Tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, biopterin and neopterin in the brains and biopterin and neopterin in sera from patients with Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Wachtel, H., Horowski, R., Loschmann, P. A.: Postreceptorial enhancement of neurotransmission for the treatment of cognitive disorders . . . . 261 Bowen, D. M., Lowe, S. L.: Excitatory dicarboxylic amino acid and pyrami- dal neurone neurotransmission of the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 de Sauvage, F., Krt!J!S, V., Octave, J N.: The sequence within the two polyadenylation sites of the A4 amyloid peptide precursor stimulates the translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Reynolds, G. P., Mercer, K. G., Warner, C. E.J, Lowe,] S., Mann, D. M.A.: Alzheimer-like changes of cortical amino acid transmitters in elderly Down's syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Contents XI Hara, C., Ogawa, N., Mitani, A., Masuda, S., Kataoka, K.: Characteristics of learning deficit induced by ibotenic acid lesion of the frontal cortex in rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Schmidt, W.J: Memory loss by glutamate antagonists: an animal model of Alzheimer's disease? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Deckert, J, Morgan, P. F., Jacobson, K. A., Daly, J W., Marangos, P.J: Convulsant properties of methylxanthines, potential cognitive enhancers in dementia syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Sofie, E., Fritze, J, Schnaberth, G., Bruck, J, Riederer, P.: Neurodegenera- tive diseases: CSF amines, lactate and clinical findings . . . . . . . 305 Strittmatter, M., Cramer, H., Reuner, C., Strubel, D., Kuntzmann, F.: So matostatin-like immunoreactivity and neurotransmitter metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type and Parkinson's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Stephani, U., Maurer, K.: Nerve growth factor in serum of patients with dementia (Alzheimer type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Lesch, K. P., Ihl, R., Frohlich, L., Rupprecht, R., Muller, U., Schulte, H. M., Maurer, K.: Neuroendocrine dysfunction in early-onset Alzheimer's dis- ease ............................ 329 Dostert, P., Strolin Benedetti, M., Bellotti, V., Dordain, G., Vernay, D., Deffond, D.: Urinary excretion of salsolinol enantiomers and 1,2-dehy drosalsolinol in patients with degenerative dementia . . . . . . . . 335 Clinics Gottjries, C. G., Blennow, K., Reg/and, B., Wallin, A.: Alzheimer's disease- one, two or several? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Gustafson, L., Brun, A., Johansson, A., Risberg, J: Diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Lauter, H., Kurz, A., Haupt, M., Romero, B., Zimmer, R.: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: DSM-III-R, ICD-10- what else? . . . . . . 365 Gerstenbrand, F., Birbamer, G., Rainer, J: Clinical aspects and terminology of dementing syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Danielczyk, W., Fischer, P., Simanyi, M., Gatterer, G., Marterer, A.: Symp toms of depression in the course of multi-infarct dementia and dementia of Alzheimer's type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Reischies, F. M., v. Spief, P., Hedde, J-P.: Cognitive deterioration and dementia outcome in depression: the search for prognostic factors . . 387 Romero, B., Kurz, A., Haupt, M., Zimmer, R., Lauter, H., Pulvermiiller, F., Roth, V. M.: Diagnostic significance of language evaluation in early stages of Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Selmes van den Bril, J, Selmes Antoine, M.: The Alzheimer patient in the family context: how to help the family to cope . . . . . . . . . . 401 Stuckstedte, H., Abrahams, C.-M., Ulmar, G.: Towards a clinically specific profile of severe senile primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type (PDDAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 XII Contents Wetterling, T., Rumpf-Holing, D., Vieregge, P., Borgis, K.-J, De/ius, P., Reger, K.-H., Kanitz, R., Freyberger, H.-j: Sequential clinical approach to dif ferential diagnosis of dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Ehrmann, D., Stoeter, P.: Do old patients with Down's syndrome develop premature brain atrophy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Lechner, H., Niederkorn, K., Logar, Ch., Schmidt, R., Fazekas, F., Horner, S., Valetitsch, H.: Results of EEG brain mapping and neuroimaging meth ods in Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Typ (SDAT) and Vascular Demen- tia (VD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Riekkinen, P.j, Riekkinen, P.Jjr., Soininen, H., Reinikainen, K.J, Laulumaa, V, Partanen, V S.j, Halonen, T., Paijarvi, L.: Regulation of EEG delta activity by the cholinergic nucleus basalis . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Streifler, M., Simanyi, M., Fischer, P., Danielczyk, W.: EEG- and cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease - a correlative follow-up study 447 Buchsbaum, M.S., Cotman, C., Kesslak, P., Lynch, G., Chui, H., Wu, j, Sicotte, N., Hazlett, E.: Decreased hippocampal metabolic rate in pa tients with SDAT assessed by positron emission tomography during olfactory memory task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Heiss, W.-D., Szelies, B., Adams, R., Kessler, j, Pawlik, G., Herholz, K.: PET criteria for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias 473 Tyrrell, P.J, Rossor, M. N., Frackowiak, R. S.j: Oxygen metabolism in the degenerative dementias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Adams, R., Kessler, j, Herholz, K., Mackert, A.: Positron emission to mography for differential diagnosis of dementia: a case of familial de mentia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Szelies, B., Wullen, T., Adams, R., Grond, M., Karbe, H., Herholz, K., Heiss, W.-D.: Comparison between cerebral glucose metabolism and late evoked potentials in patients with Alzheimer's disease . . . . . . . 501 Risberg, j, Gustafson, L., Brun, A.: High resolution regional cerebral blood flow measurements in Alzheimer's disease and other dementia disorders 509 Reisecker, F., Laich, E., Leblhuber, F, Trenkler,j, Deisenhammer, E.: Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in Pick's disease: two case reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 de Leon, M.J, George, A. E., Stylopoulous, L.A., Miller, D. C., Smith, G.: In vivo studies of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease 523 Kanowski, S., Ladurner, G., Maurer, K., Oswald, W. D., Stein, U.: Outline for the evaluation of nootropic drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Coper, H.: Drug treatment of dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Duka, T., Stephens, D. N., Dorow, R.: Cognitive enhancing properties of antagonist /3-carbolines: new insights into clinical research on the treat ment of dementias? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 Knezevic, S., Mubrin, Z., Spilich, G., Vucinic, G., Wannenmacher, W.: Long term treatment of SDAT patients with pyritinol 565 Subject Index . . . . . 575 Listed in Current Contents
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